Teutonic cross: akara uru

Ọbụna tupu ntoputa nke Christianity, obe, nke e n'ọtụtụ ebe na ebe ọ bụ na n'oge ochie Egypt, kpọrọ ndị isi nke ihe ịrịba ama. N'oge, ọ kpebiri ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe 4 iri na abuo iche nke odide, dị iche iche ibe ndokwa nke ibé, ha otosịrị iru, na ọnụnọ nke ji achọ ọcha. na Teutonic cross bụ otu n'ime ha.

A okwu ole na ole banyere Order

Teutonic cross bụ isi ihe nnọchianya nke otu aha mkpakọrịta knight pụta na 1190 na Palestine n'oge Third Agha Ntụte. Ná mmalite, a ìgwè nke German njem ala nsọ, edu a ukochukwu na Canon Konrad Vurhardom, guzosie ike na mpụga ebe ewusiri ike nke Acre Hospital, ebe nyere merụkwara ya ahụ ma na-arịa ọrịa knight si Germany. N'oge na-adịghị ime mmụọ patronage nke ụlọ ọgwụ we Jerusalem, emi odude ke Church of St. Virgin, na mgbe e mesịrị Pope Clement atọ guzosie ike a na òtù ụmụnna nke St. Mary Teutonic. Mgbe German knight iche onwe ha n'oge batara of Acre, Duke Frederick nke Swabia natara ikike iji tọghata ya ihe eponymous agha, na-etinye na isi ụkọchukwu Conrad. Teutons ndị ebutere naanị ka eze ukwu nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom na Pope. Alaghachi Europe ná mmalite narị afọ nke 13, ha gara biri n'obodo nke Eschenbach.

The uru nke atụ ná ndụ nke agha

The Middle Ages bụ oge ebe pụrụ iche mesiri ike na-etinye na ihe ịrịba ama. Ha na-ebu a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ, si omimi na ihe ọmụma. A mkpa karịsịa ọrụ ná ndụ nke ndị na-agụ akụkọ na-egwuri agha formations, gụnyere ime mmụọ na knightly iwu. Ya uwe nke aka ya na-ọkọlọtọ abụghị nanị ndị òtù ndị onwe ha. E nwekwara ihe na-esi ọtụtụ usoro ihe nnọchianya mee iji gosi na ọnọdụ na ibu ọrụ n'ime Order.

Teutonic cross: Description

Nke a na akara, nke mbụ pụtara na uwe, ọkọlọtọ na-agha nke Knights na Palestine, agbanweela mgbanwe ụfọdụ karịrị oge. Ná mmalite ọ bụ a mfe nwa cross na a na-acha ọcha na ubi. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ malitere ịpụta ndozi. Taa, ndị nnọchiteanya nke nzukọ, nke na-akpọ onwe ya ndị Teutonic Order, bụ Latin (Catholic) cross mere nke nwa Enamel na-acha ọcha ókè-ala na yitewere okpu agha na nwa ọcha na feathers.

Krosslet

E nwere ihe ọzọ agwa na a na-ejikọta ya na German knight. Ọ bụ banyere krosslete. Ụfọdụ na-akpọ ya dị ka Teutonic cross. Ọ bụ ihe na nnọọ ezi agwa. Na obi silhouette krossleta bụ a Greek cross, na onye alaka nwere obere mmanya. Ọ na-kweere na ọ na-nyere na a miri emi atụ pụtara. Karịsịa, na akwụkwọ okpukpe kwuru na obere obe na nsọtụ Ogwe egosi Oziọma anọ nke Christ. N'otu oge ahụ na ikpere arụsị larịị Teutonic cross-egosi ịdị n'otu nke 4 ọcha.

hierarchical ịrịba ama

Dị ka ekwuola, isi cross nke Teutonic Knights bụghị nanị otu n'ime ihe na ya. Ha akara na nwere dị iche iche edemede nke nzukọ òtù. Ha na-eyi ha na uwe ha na-agha, dị nnọọ ka oge a na agha na-egosi na ụdị ha n'ohu, iji kpakpando ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ shapes n'ubu straps.

Grand Master

The isi nke Order bụ nwe ya onwe ya uwe agha ogwe aka. Ọ dabeere na Teutonic cross (akara uru i maara) na a odo ókè. N'ime ọ bụ "amanye" ọzọ nke otu. Ọ dị iche na-aba na-erughị odo. Ke adianade do, na etiti nke abụọ cross bụ obere ọta na nwa ugo. Ikpeazụ mara German alaeze ukwu ụlọ. N'ihi ya, cross Teutonic Grand Master ude pụtara a agadi nnọchiteanya nke Ọkaakaa Order.

Order Landmeyster

Nke a post bụ territorial adịgide adịgide. Ka ihe atụ, landmeyster Prussia e ikike Deputy Grand Master n'ala ndị a mere ihe akụkọ ebe. Iji ha onwe ha na ndị ọzọ knight, nakwa dị ka ndị nkịtị ma ndị ha na-emeso, ndị na-ebu a aha dụkọta na uwe mwụda ha black Teutonic cross (foto ahụ. Karịsịa), n'elu nke e etinyere a abụọ otu ma nta na-acha ọcha.

The Insignia nke Grand Marshal nke Order

Dabere na akụkọ ihe mere eme oge nke Knights, onye na-eyi ka utu aha, iji dị iche iche nke hierarchical emblem. Ná mmalite, ọ bụghị dị iche iche site na onye na-na-eyi ndị Grand Master, ma ọ dịghị odo cross na ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ pụtara n'ihu, ma na agba ókè-ala ruru naanị n'etiti onye ọ bụla nke na ibé.

Great odide komtur

Na oge a na uche, a ọnọdụ pụtara Deputy Grand Master nke errands. Ke adianade do, The isi ikanam ndutịm nkeji nke ala nke Teutonic Knights nke kasị ala ọkwá. Ha enweghị onye mkpuchi nke ogwe aka, ma ha na a pụrụ iche wand na a cross, na-anọchi anya ha ike ikpe ikpe.

Ókè jupụtara knight

Otu a bụ idé Teutonic iji. Ọ nọ na-azọrọ na e na-etinye na ihe niile na-acha ọcha uwe. Si n'elu ha na-atụbakwa uwe mgbokwasị nke otu ákwà, nke - ka na azụ na na obi - Teutonic obe e sere.

otu nne

Ebe ọ bụ na ha na-adịghị na-ewere na-fledged knight, ha na-adịghị ekwe ka na-eji ejiji na a pụrụ iche edo. Otú ọ dị, n'etiti ndị a na udi nke òtù nke Teutonic Order otù hierarchy. agadi nne e kwere ka na-eyi ákwà mgbokwasị nke isi awọ. Ha na-dụkọta na ubu ebe nke nwa cross T ekara.

sergeants

Dị otú ahụ NCOs e nyere naanị mercenary nkeji. Ha na-gwara na-eyi na-acha ọcha tunics na warara aka uwe, na-atụ onwe ha nke isi awọ we wukwasi uwe-dụkọta T ekara cross.

Mercenaries ma ọ bụ bollards

Ịmata ihe dị iche na nke ndi-agha dike nke onye iro agha, ha na-agbụ agbụ nwa uwe dụkọta obere ọcha "ọta" na-etinye na ha a T ekara cross. Ha na ọnọdụ na dị iche iche oge dị iche (na obi, azụ, afara, wdg).

"Iron Cross"

Order na a aha e guzobere March 1813. Ya osisi kere onwe ya eze Fridrih Vilgelm atọ. Dị ka ihe ndabere maka ihe o kere eke, na O were Teutonic cross. The atụ nnọọ mfe: na award a chọrọ ịgba ume ka ndị Germany, onye fiercely agha maka ntọhapụ nke obodo ha si Napoleon si arụ, ya mere, Frederick chọrọ na-echetara ya ụmụ amaala ibe banyere ọlaedo afọ nke German knight.

Mgbe e mesịrị, "Iron Cross" e gbakee site Adolf Hitler. O nyere iwu ka ebe a swastika n'obi-ya, na n'okpuru kanye ọnụ ọgụgụ "1939".

Na 1940 ọ na-guzosie ike jousting iche a award, si otú Fuehrer ọzọ na-egosi na continuity nke omenala na ha njikọ mode na Teutonic Order. -Akpali mmasị, ndị kasị elu nke ndị iwu, nke e mma na gold oak epupụta, diamonds na mma-agha, e ọdịda naanị otu onye - Hans Ulrich Rudel - kpara pilot nke German Luftwaffe. Ọ nwetara ya ruo ogologo oge nke mere ka ala Soviet agha "Marat" na kụrụ aka a narị ole na ole tankị nke Red Army.

Ugbu a na ị maara ihe ya anya ka Teutonic cross, na ndị maara na ya iche. Nke a pụtara na, na-atụle akụkọ ihe mere eme a tụrụ atụ na miniatures, ị ga-enwe ike ịmata onye bụ onyinyo nke a naiti: bollard, n'ógbè ọchịagha, a sagenti, a Marshal ma ọ bụ Grand Master.