The Afghan ọchịchị, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na otu onye ndú Hafizullah Amin: biography, atụmatụ na-eme na-akpali eziokwu

Hafizullah Amin - otu n'ime ndị kasị controversial ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mere Afghanistan. Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na ọ bụ isi ihe mere mpu nke yinye agha na mba, nke malitere na 1979 na-aga n'ihu nke a ụbọchị, mgbe ndị ọzọ na-eche na ọ bụ - a aja azụ. N'ihi ya, onye bụ Hafizullah Amin? Biography nke Prime Minister nke Afghanistan na ga-isiokwu nke ọmụmụ anyị.

Birth na mmalite afọ

Hafizullah Amin a mụrụ na August 1929 n'ógbè Paghman, nso Kabul, Afghanistan, na ala-eze. Nna-ya bu onye-isi nke otu nke mba ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ọ e sitere ebo Pashtun-Ghilzais ụdị Haruta.

Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Hafizullah Amin debara aha na a nkụzi ọzụzụ na mahadum. Mgbe-emecha ọzụzụ n'ebe ahụ, ọ kwụsịghị. Amin ọma gụsịrị Kabul University na natara ya okokporo ogo na physics.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere izi na isi obodo nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ebe a zubere akpali elu na ọrụ n'ọkwá. Amin dịtụ ngwa ngwa ije n'okporo ụzọ si mfe onye nduzi nke onye nkụzi.

Iji nwekwuo ha larịị nke nzere, Amin iso ya ọmụmụ na United States, Columbia. Ọ gara n'ebe ahụ ná mmalite zitere.

The nzọụkwụ ndị mbụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Mgbe na-amụ na mahadum, Hafizullah Amin gosiri a kama elu larịị nke ihe ọmụma, na-edu ndị Afghan fraternity, nakwa dị ka oge mbụ maara Marxist echiche. A bit gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke "na club nke Progressive Socialist." Ọ bụ ezie na, dị ka ụfọdụ Soviet ọkachamara, kpomkwem na oge e recruited site na CIA.

Na 1965, natara a eteufọk ogo we laghachi na Afghanistan, Hafizullah Amin amalite ifịk ifịk na-ọha eme. Ọ na-akụziri na Mahadum nke Kabul. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweela a aha dị ka a Pashtun mba, na 1966, Amin-aghọ a so na Marxist nku n'okpuru idu ndú nke onye ndú nke Nur Muhammad Taraki - People Democratic Party nke Afghanistan, tọrọ ntọala afọ tupu.

Na 1967, otu na-kewaa abụọ òtù - "Khalq", onye ndú Taraki na "Parcham", gawa site Babrak Karmal. Òtù "Khalq" dabeere tumadi na agbụrụ Pashtun bi na obodo nta, isi constituency "Parcham" bụ a multi-agbụrụ mepere emepe bi. Ke adianade do, na-akwado echiche nke "Khalq" dị iche ọzọ buu echiche. Ọ bụ na nke a nta na hụrụ Amin. Otú ọ dị, na-ama na 1968, ná nzukọ nke òtù "Khalq", ya ọnọdụ e downgraded ka ọnọdụ nke akwukwo maka otu nke PDPA. Eze, a nzọụkwụ bụ enweghị isi mba echiche substantiated site Amin.

Ma ugbua na 1969, Amin, tinyere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ so PDPA, wee akụkụ ke Omeiwu ntuli aka. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ nanị ya nnọchiteanya nke abụọ òtù, bụ nke e ma hoputara na ala n'ụlọ ndị omeiwu.

The revolutionary ihe

Na July 1973, ihe omume a na ulo oru usoro nke buu mgbanwe na mba, awụpụ ọgwụgwụ na protracted agha obodo. Dị nnọọ mgbe e nkwatu erube isi na nleta Italy nke King Mohammed Zahir Shah, onye chịrị kemgbe 1933, nwa nwanne nne ya na mbụ Prime Minister nke Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud, haziri a agha kuu. Daoud kagburu onyeeze na n'ezie ike a onye ọchịchị aka ike, ọ bụ ezie na chie were ụlọ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche. Ndú akwado PDPA kuu. Enweghị sara mbara support n'etiti ìgwè mmadụ nke ndị bi na, Dowd manyere achọ nkwado si ogbe. Karịsịa, o mere ka enyi na "Parcham" nku.

Ma n'oge na-adịghị na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Dawud na PDPA razladilis ka president iwu niile ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ ma e wezụga ya onwe ya - na Party nke National mgbanwe. Ka ọ dịgodị, na 1977, n'okpuru mediation nke Soviet Union ahụ nku abụọ nke PDPA e jikọọ n'ime otu party ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na fractional nkewa na-kpam kpam e tutu amama. The Secretary-General a họpụtara Taraki na Amin gara Central Committee nke Party. Mgbe e kpebiri iji kwadebe nkwatu President Daoud.

Na April 1978 Saur mgbanwe wee ebe, nke rụpụtara na Mohammed Daoud e wepụ na gburu anya, na-edu ndú nke mba na nkwado nke ndị agha ahụ na-adọrọ party PDPA. Eze, mba ahụ nọ na renamed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The isi nke ala-aghọ Taraki, nke enyene kasị elu ọnọdụ - onyeisi oche nke Revolutinary Council na Prime Minister nke obodo. Deputy onyeisi oche nke Revolutinary Council na-aghọ onye ọzọ so na faction "Parcham" - Babrak Karmal. Amin natara post of Deputy Prime Minister na Minister nke Ọzọ Affairs. Na March 1979, Taraki, fọdụrụ isi nke ala dị ka onyeisi oche nke Revolutinary Council, resigns Prime Minister na Site n'ibu ha Hafizullah Amin.

-Ebili ka ike

Ma ozugbo ozugbo okpuru wee ike, esemokwu malitere ibilite n'etiti iche iche iche iche nke ha. Ha malitere ada megide mmegide na imegide ndị na òtù dị iche iche n'ime otu na-ekweghị izugbe akara. Karịsịa, "Parcham" òtù ndị òtù hardest kụrụ. Ma ọbụna n'ime faction "Khalq" ọ bụghị ihe niile wee were were. The mbụ dara onye iro dịrị n'etiti Taraki na Amin, nke dị ọkụ site onye oké ọchịchọ nke ikpeazụ. Na njedebe, mgbe a shootout n'etiti bodyguards nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na September 1979, Amin, dị ka nke July nke otu afọ, agbachitere ozi, nyere iwu ka ndị agha ka na-achịkwa nke isi ọchịchị nrụnye.

Na pụrụ iche plenum nke Party Taraki ọ ebubo nwara igbu ọchụ nke Amina, na usurpation nke ike ma na oruru nke a òtù nzuzo nke mmadụ. Mgbe nkwenye, nke bụbu isi nke Afghanistan nyagburu na iwu nke Amin. Site na oge mbụ ndị na-ezochi ihe na-aga, na-asị na Taraki nwụrụ nke ọrịa.

Mgbe mkpochapu Taraki, si September 16, 1979, Amin ghọrọ General Secretary nke PDPA na onyeisi oche nke Revolutinary Council, n'otu oge, dị ka iso, na-anọgide na praịm minista na agbachitere ozi.

ọnwụ

Ozugbo ike, Amin bụghị naanị ebelatawo ada, ma, ọbụna wusiri ha ike, ịmata gara aga ndú nke mba. N'ụzọ dị otú a ọ na-kewapụrụ bụghị nanị ndị òtù nke "Parcham" faction, kamakwa ọtụtụ ndị na-nku "Khalq". Maara na ọ na-adịkwa akara levers, ya bụ Amin mbụ chọrọ echiche nke ime ka Soviet Union agha ka nụ ọnọdụ ná mba.

Ma Soviet ọchịchị kpebiri iji kwado bụghị Amina, n'ihi na m na-eche na ọ na-apụghị ịdabere, na onye ndú nke òtù "Parcham" Babrak Karmal, bụ onye a KGB n'ụlọnga. N'ihi nke ọrụ ekenịmde ke nche agha nke USSR, December 27, 1979 Hafizullah Amin ọdịdị ebibi ya nime

ezinụlọ

Hafizullah Amin nwekwara nwunye, a nwa na a nwaanyị. Gịnị mere na Afghan onye ndú ezinụlọ, mgbe ọ nọ gburu Hafizullah Amin? Ụmụaka na-ndị ha na nna-ya n'oge batara nke ulo. Nwa e gburu ya, ma merụọ onye ụmụ ya ndị inyom. On akara aka nke ndị na-anwụghị nke wakpo ndị òtù ezinụlọ Amin a na-amaghị.

na-akpali eziokwu

Ozugbo mgbe ọnwụ nke onye ndú nke Afghanistan si, ọtụtụ kwenyere na Hafizullah Amin - a sabo, e recruited site na CIA. N'ezie, ọ hụrụ dịghị ihe kpọmkwem ihe àmà nke a njikọ na US ọgụgụ isi ụlọ ọrụ Amin.

N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ ndị kwere na Soviet agha banyere Afghanistan aro Karmal, n'ezie a ụzọ e mere site Amin onwe ya.

ụdị onye ntule

Anyị amụwo nkọwa nke ndụ na o biri ndụ Hafizullah Amin. Biography Afghan president na-egosi na ọ bụ kama ambiguous àgwà. Na àgwà ya ịhụ mba n'anya jikọtara na careerism, na-achọ igosi na-elekọta mmadụ ikpe ziri ezi na mba jikọtara na repressive ụzọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka megide Amin ihu ọha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmekọ.

Otú ọ dị Amin ebubo na imekọ ihe ọnụ CIA ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ si mba ọzọ pụrụ iche ọrụ na-adịghị ugbu a nyere.