The Agha nke 1812. Tarutinsky nghogbu (obere)

Na agha na e nweghị random ihe. Niile na-eme nwere ya akwa ya pụta. Ma, e nwere ihe ndị na-adi igbanwe N'ezie nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Tarutinsky eduzi nke Russian agha na 1812 agha - bụ otu n'ime ndị ngosipụta. Ọ bụ nke abụọ gbanwere, mgbe agha Borodino ma na-amanye ndị agha Napoleon m na-agbahapụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ.

Agha nke 1812

Russia niile ya puku afọ akụkọ ihe mere eme enweghị oge iji chebe onwe ha megide ndị iro na-achọ bụrụ ohu ya. Na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ ọ dịghị ma e wezụga. The French mgbanwe, na mgbe ahụ na-abịa ike na mba site Napoleon Bonaparte, onye kpọsara na ya eze ukwu, na emebiwo mmekọahụ n'etiti abụọ otu ugboro-enyi na enyi mba. Russian ọchịchị na onye nke Alexander m na-atụ egwu na mmetụta nke nke mere n'oge na-French mgbanwe na ọnọdụ na Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ma n'ikpeazụ mmekọahụ na-Mkpughe na ike ike iwu, nke Napoleon m malitere na-eji megide mba Europe, karịsịa Britain, nke nwere a ogologo guzo mmekorita Russia.

Na njedebe, France mere mere ka a agha Russia, nke bụ na Russian historiography a na-akpọ agha nke 1812 afọ.

Na-akpata agha

Site 1812, dum Europe, na wezụga nke ochie iro France - England meriri ndị agha Napoleon. Nke ọzọ nke ụwa ike, naanị Russian Alaeze Ukwu wee na-achụso otu nọọrọ onwe ha mba ọzọ amụma na amasịghị ndị French eze ukwu. Ke adianade do, Russia n'ezie imebi continental mgbochi, nke a manyere anabata megide England dị ka isi ọnọdụ nke Tilsit nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị Russian Alaeze Ukwu na France. The mgbochi na-eme oké njọ mmebi nke aku na uba, mere Russia ghọrọ ahia na England site na-anọpụ iche mba. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị chie imebi usoro nke ndị continental mgbochi. France were ezigbo iwe, ma mkpesa nwere ike ghara igosipụta.

Russia maka ya onwe ha iwu gbochiri Napoleon ghọtara na nrọ nke ụwa na-achị. Malite na ya agha, enye akaduakde n'agha nke mbụ napụta a ndinuak igbu nke Russian agha na mgbe ahụ ka kpebiere okwu udo Alexander I.

Nke itule nke agha

Russian agha agukọta si 480 na 500 puku ndị mmadụ, na France - 600 puku. A ego, dị ka ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na mba abụọ enwewo ike ikpughe omume nke agha ahụ. Na ahụ tara akpụ, ebe ọ maara na Napoleon na-atụ anya ịrụzu otu ọrịa strok na onye iro, na-edu ndú nke ndị agha Russia n'ụzọ ọ bụla, e kpebiri ezere a bụrụkwa agha na-iro. Ụzọ aghụghọ ahụ mma na Alexander I.

The agha Borodino

Ịgbaso mma atụmatụ bụ ghara itinye aka na a mara agha na-iro, mgbe mbuso agha na June 1812 Napoleon agha Russian agha malitere a ngwa ngwa ichighaazu, na-agbalị jikọọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ọ jisiri ime nso Smolensk, ebe Napoleon ọzọ gbalịrị inye a bụrụkwa agha. Ma Chief nke Russian Army Barclay de Tolly ga-ekwe ka ya, hapụ obodo ahụ.

Ulo-ikwū-agha e kpebiri inye ọnọdụ na họọrọ na-edu ndú nke ndị agha ya. Site n'oge ọ were iwu nke Mikhail Kutuzov. The n'obi e kpebiri inye a nso Mozhaisk, na a ubi nso obodo nke Borodino. Ebe a na e nwere otu n'ime oké mgbanwe na N'ezie nke agha. Ụdi ka a gasịrị Tarutino nghogbu kpamkpam ịgbanwe ya akụkọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na agha e meriri, na abụọ nọgidere na na ọnọdụ ha, ọ na-akpatara a obi ọjọọ ọnwụ nke French agha, na mgbe ahụ chọọ Kutuzov.

Council na Fili na nnyefe Moscow

Mgbe Agha nke Borodino ndị agha Russia gbaghachi azụ ka Mozhaysk. Ebe a, n'ime obodo nke Fili, Kutuzov ẹkenịmde a kansul nke agha, nke ga-abụ eke nke Russian isi obodo e edozi. Ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị ọrụ nche ahụ bụ ka inye ọzọ agha nso Moscow. Ma ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọchịagha na eve inyocha n'ọdịnihu ọgụ ọnọdụ, ike na ihu ọma nke ịnọgide na-enwe ndị agha na ndị na-eri na-etinye na onye-iro nke Moscow. Kutuzov iwu ịhapụ isi obodo.

Tarutinsky Maachi-nghogbu: ụbọchị na isi-eme ihe nkiri

Iji ghọta ihe mgbagwoju na ọdachi nke ọnọdụ, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na-esonụ: mgbe n'ihu mgbe ọdịda nke ndị agha na-anọgide na-alụ ọgụ n'isi obodo ahụ. Napoleon tupu ọgwụgwụ ekweghị na ọnwụ nke Moscow anaghị amanye kpakorita Alexander I. Ma Russia atụgharị onye iro isi obodo nwere ihe ọ bụla na-atụfu, ọnwụ nke ndị agha pụtara na ndị ikpeazụ meriri.

Napoleon site na mmalite nke Russian mkpọsa dị mkpa iji wetara a agha onye iro bụrụkwa agha. Ndú nke ndị agha Russia mere ya kasị mma izere ya, ruo mgbe ndị agha ndị ahaghị.

Wezụgara ndị agha si Moscow na 14 September (New Style), Field Marshal zigara ya site Ryazan ụzọ, ụzọ na obodo nta nke Red Pakhra, na mgbe e mesịrị họọrọ ebe ndị agha obodo Tarutino. Ebe agha Russia bu ezie na obere, ma ha mkpa a ike. N'out oge e a ọkọnọ nke nri ndị agha na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.

Kutuzov zie ezie plan

Gịnị bụ Kutuzov atumatu? Tarutino nghogbu, onye mmalite ụbọchị - 17 September, na ọgwụgwụ - October 3, nwere emegharị Napoleon na-enye ndị agha Russia oge izu ike. Anyị na-ezo ezo ha na ọnọdụ site na onye iro. Na mmejuputa a plan nyeere Russian n'azụ nche na Cossacks. Tarutino nghogbu nwere ike chịkọtara dị ka ndị a.

14 September, na mgbede, mgbe Napoleon agha ama banyere Moscow, nke ikpeazụ nke Russian agha nọ n'okpuru iwu nke General Miloradovich ya dị nnọọ ekpe. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, Vanguard nke French agha chua site Russian agha nọ zoo ha mmegharị.

Kutuzov duru ndị agha na Ryazan ụzọ, ma mgbe ahụ, nyere iwu na-atụgharị na ochie Kaluga. Ebe a na ulo oru a plan zobe na Russian agha nke Napoleon - ama Kutuzov Tarutino kpaa kụrụ ọnụ. The opupu nke ụzọ ọhụrụ na na ngafe nke Moscow River kpuchie n'azụ nke ndi agha n'okpuru iwu nke ọchịagha Vasilchikova, Rajewski na Miloradovich. N'ihi na agafe Russian agha soro French avant-garde. Russian agha ekpe kọlụm abụọ.

Mgbe agafe agha accelerated-aga ma na kwụsịrị ndị French. Mbugharị nke ikpeazụ ka ụlọ Rajewski ọkụ niile àkwà mmiri agafe. Ya mere September 17 ọma ulo oru Tarutinsky eduzi nke Russian agha.

ọrụ cover

Kewapụta si achụ nke French avant-garde bụ ezughị. Napoleon anya mgbe o rutesịrị Moscow zitere search of ya kacha mma Russian Army Marshal Murat. Russian rearguard Rajewski na Miloradovich na Cossack nkeji kere ọhụhụ agha ichighaazu na Ryazan, eduhie Napoleon. Ha n'ọnọdu ole na ole dị oké ọnụ ahịa ụbọchị Kutuzov disorient na French na ọnọdụ nke ndị agha Russia. N'oge a ọ ọma ruru obodo nta nke Tarutino, ha guzo n'ebe maka ezumike ịma ụlọikwuu. N'ihi ya, e brilliantly ghọtara Kutuzov plan.

Aka ekpuchi ichighaazu ndị agha na ndị nkịtị nke gburugburu obodo. Ha haziri agha okpuru iche iche na ọnụ na Cossacks wakpoo ndị French Vanguard, ịta bukwanu mmebi.

Tarutino agha

Fọrọ nke nta ka izu abụọ, Napoleon amaghị ebe nke Russian agha, ruo mgbe ọ na-igosipụta ọnọdụ nke aru nke Murat. Nke a oge e ji kacha uru. Warriors natara a nọworo na-ezumike, nri haziri, bịara ọhụrụ replenishment. Tula natara ọhụrụ na ngwá agha, na ndi fọduru nke ógbè site ka nke ọchịagha na-isi ime-enye oyi uniforms maka agha.

N'otu oge ahụ ndị agha Kutuzov kpuchie ụzọ ọgaranya n'ebe ndịda anāchi achi na Tula, ya agha ụlọ ọrụ. Emi odude ke n'azụ nke French agha, Kutuzov e eke a oké njọ iyi egwu.

Napoleon agha nọ na Moscow na ọnyà a. Ndị ụzọ ọgaranya n'ebe ndịda anāchi achi kpuchie ike, ndị agha Russia, na isi n'ezie encircled partisan detachments nke Cossacks na nkịtị.

September 24th Murat hụrụ na ọnọdụ nke ndị agha Russia, guzo na-adịghị anya ya mara ụlọikwuu ruo chọpụtara na Chernishne osimiri. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha ya bụ banyere 27,000 ndị mmadụ.

Ná mmalite October, Napoleon gbalịrị ịbanye mkparita uka na Kutuzov, ma ọ jụrụ ya. Ọ na-e kpebiri ọgụ na ìgwè nke Murat, n'ihi na, dị ka akụkọ nke ndị agha okpuru, o nweghị reinforcements. October 18 na French mara ụlọikwuu na mberede wakporo site Russian agha. Ofụri Esịt Murat agha okpu merie, o jisiri ike na-ahazi a ichighaazu. Ma Tarutino agha gosiri na Russian agha aghọwo ike, na-now na-anọchi anya a dị oké njọ n'ihe ize ndụ onye iro.

Pụtara Tarutino Maachi

Tarutino nghogbu na 1812, brilliantly turu ime, brilliantly ghọtara Kutuzov iji ọchịagha ya na ndị ọrụ nche, bụ oké mkpa iji merie onye mbusoagha. Inwe jisiri pụọ ná ndị iro na-emeri a izu ole na ole, Russian agha a chọrọ ndị ọzọ, e ọkọnọ nke ogwe aka, onunu na uniforms. Ọzọkwa, ndị agha nwere ọhụrụ idobere, dịrị ihe karịrị 100 na puku ndị mmadụ.

Ezigbo ebe họrọ Russian n'ogige na-adịghị ekwe ka na-aga na-akpasu iwe ka Napoleon na-amanye ahapụ French agha tinyere ochie Smolensk n'okporo ụzọ nke na-edu site n'ókèala kpamkpam n'agha.