The Amber Room na Catherine Obí (Pushkin)

Oké mmasị ma na mara mma bụ Amber Room na Catherine Obí. Ọ ọbụna deservedly akpọ a ọrụ ebube nke ìhè. Ntoputa nke a pụrụ iche ohere mụnyere site myths na akụkọ na-emeghị. Ma ofufe nke a masterpiece n'oge agha ka na-akpali iche echiche. Ọ dabara nke ọma, na-Amber Room mere jikwaa naghachi. N'isiokwu a anyị na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nakwa dị ka ihe ebe Catherine Obí, na Amber Room na-emi odude. Tiketi ahịa na oghere awa nke ngosi nka i nwere ike ịmụta site na nke a n'isiokwu a.

Prussian oge

Prussian eze Elector nke Brandenburg (Prussia e weere dị ka a ma ama center nke amba craft na Europe) si 1618 dị ka onyinye ka ndị isi ndị ọzọ na-ọdịnala na-enye amba bụ "gold" nke Baltic Sea dị ka ọ na-akpọ. Gịnị na-eme nkume a nhazi art na-eto eto n'ike n'ike, na otu onye nke ọnụ ọnụ na ghọrọ Amber ụlọ. Ọ na e kere heyday nke Prussian na German art dị ka a dum, ya bụ, na uzo nke na Asaa na XVIII narị afọ.

Elector Frederick III (afọ nke ọbubu-eze--. 1657-1713 yy) na 1701 wee nwughari nke ha isi obodo, na karịsịa ndị obí eze - dum mgbagwoju nke ụlọ na-ezo aka XVI-na Asaa ọtụtụ narị afọ. Court-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke King I. F. Eozander mere suburban onwunwe nke a n'obí wuru na nlereanya nke Versailles. N'oge, ọ na-mara na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ kere Amber Room oru ngo. Littsenburg na Oranienburg, abụọ nke n'obí King of Prussia, nke a na-ejikọta ya na akara aka nke Amber Room kemgbe 1707 ghọrọ a ebe Eozandera eme. Akpa, Amber Room e mere maka mma nke n'obí Littsenburg. N'oge ndụ nke ezinụlọ eze ahụghị ụlọ zuru ezu. The ọrụ ahụ na-1709 ka zuru siwing. Site na oge ọ nwụrụ Sophia Charlotte (na 1705). Frederick m kpebiri ịkwụsị ngo na icho mma na ogwe nke amba gallery n'obí nke enyi ya - Oranienburg. Yikarịrị, eze kpebiri ịkwụsị-ewu, na-ulo-Littsenburg, obi nke nwunye ya, dị ka ọ na mgbe ọ dị ndụ. The mgbidi nke ụlọ nzukọ ahụ, nke e kwesịrị ịtọ amba ogwe, mma na gold lace na damask. Na taa na Littsenburg Obí nwere ike-enwe mmasị Red damastovoy ụlọ ịwụ. Na ebe nchekwa nke Queen Sophia Charlotte, a n'obí a na-akpọ Charlottenburg.

Eze gwara Eozanderu dịkwuo Obí na Oranienburg, na-agbakwụnye na Amber Gallery 30 mita, ịmata ya size mbụ draft. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ, a na gallery e dechara n'oge ndụ nke Frederick m, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1713.

Onyinye Peter m

Russian Emperor obi ụtọ na-arụ ọrụ Eozandera na mere ọ bụla na nzuzo nke ọchịchọ ya nwere ndị dị otú a na-arụ ọrụ nke nkà na ha onwe ha na mba. Frederick William m, eze nketa (afọ nke ndụ - 1688-1740, na Board - kemgbe 1713), ẹkenam na mba siri ike ịdọ aka ná ntị onye ebumnuche uru ojiji, na kpebiri ịkwụsị dị otú ahụ dị oké ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ n'obí eze nke nna ya. Ma undisguised ụtọ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa kpaliri ya efego amba ogwe na ụlọ ọrụ nke na Berlin ala ụlọ nke eze obí eze. Ọ bụ naanị pdtverzhdenny eziokwu na ọnụnọ Berlin a masterpiece na-ezigara ndị Russian isi obodo, St. Petersburg.

Peter m n'oge ndụ nke Frederick m na ya onwe nyochara panel na Amber Gallery, mgbe o letara Berlin. Na November 1716, n'oge a nzukọ na nwa-ya, na-enwe n'ihi ihe mmekorita n'etiti Russia na Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm m nyere eze ukwu na oké ọnụ onyinye, otu nke e depụtara na Amber ụlọ. 13 January 1717 The Amber Room ewe bubata ya na St. Petersburg na 18 igbe, nke, na mgbakwunye na nke okokụre ogwe ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke iberibe bụghị mbụ na-eji.

Evidence banyere ebe Tsar Peter m atụmatụ iji wụnye ndị a ogwe, lanarịrịnụ, otú ọtụtụ ndị chere na ya chọrọ iji na ime nke Winter Obí enweghị ihe ndabere.

Amber Room n'oge ọchịchị nke Elizabeth

Na 1743, Eze Ukwu ada Elizaveta Petrovna mgbe accession ocheeze gwara ka a onyinye n'ime ọhụrụ Mee obibi - Third Winter Obí. Iji mepụta ọrụ nke Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. Martelli a kpọrọ. Ná nduzi nke ọzọ dị ukwuu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ - F. B. Rastrelli - ugbua na 1746 pụtara nwogha Amber Room na Winter Obí. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ọcha nke ọhụrụ n'ime ime bụ kọrọ, otú Rastrelli kpebiri iru a yiri pilasters na fanye ọzọ ogwe, na-ese "maka amba". Na 1745, Eze nke Prussia, Frederick II nyere Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ọzọ egbu nke oru ngo A. Reich amba etiti, na mma nke na-eji motifs na allegories otuto ịdị ukwuu nke Elizabeth. Na 1746, ndị Amber Room e ji ukara oriri, ọ bụ ezie na ya na ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge ugboro ugboro nwughari nke Winter Obí e zigara si ebe ebe.

The Amber Room na Catherine Obí

12 afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na June 1755, bụ ugbua na Tsarskoye Selo site iwu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu amalite kere n'okpuru idu ndú nke Rastrelli Amber Room (ebe Catherine Obí, taa onye ọ bụla maara). Ya mere a n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke a masterpiece nke ebube na Russia, nke e kere banyere narị afọ abụọ.

Dvortsovy ụlọ kwere maka ya, a mpaghara 96 square mita, nke bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu karịa size nke gara aga ụlọ. Ya mere, ogwe e enịm ke ufọt EBIONITISM na atọ mgbidi na-iche site na pilasters na enyo na gilded carvings. Ebe amba e kọrọ, mgbidi nke ụlọ nzukọ ahụ kpuchie na kwaaji na mma na ihe osise "site Amber" site artist I. I. Velskim. Rastrelli brilliantly nagide ya ọrụ, ime ime mara mma ọla oriọna, n'uko sere, gilded carvings, enyo na parquet flooring si dị iche iche dị oké ọnụ ahịa osisi.

center nke n'uko mma na a nnukwu size sere site na-amaghị artist si Venice XVIII narị afọ, na-anọchite anya Amamihe, na-Youth si ọnwụnwa nke ịhụnanya.

Nkezi Central ogbo bụ 8 vetikal ogwe, nke anọ e enịm Mozis acha nkume, mere na Florence na 1750s, n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosi ihe ise bụ isi nwee uche ziri ezi: ntị, anya, aka, uto na isi.

Amber Room nke Catherine Obí nwere a dara oké ọnụ ihe ndozi. Ọ guru nke Chinese poselin na chests Russian ọrụ. The Amber Room e wee na-na otu nke kasị ịnakọta nke amba ọla na Europe na-emecha ga-a ngosi nka nke amba ihe, ebe ha bụ ndị Chess, checkers na caskets.

Personal ihe nke ezinụlọ eze

Si n'etiti XVIII narị afọ na Tsarskoye Selo, ebe n'oge ahụ e nwere ndị upscale nwe amba nhazi malitere na-abata site Kamertsalmeysterskoy pantiri ịrụzi a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ndị bụ ndị òtù ezinụlọ eze. The akwụkwọ gosiri na na 1765 mere ka ebe a ịrụzi karịa 70 ngwaahịa si nkume a, otu nke ndị na-achị nke a òtù nzuzo (obe na obe), ngwá ụlọ (postavtsa, cabinets na closets), na ihe n'ụlọ. A pụrụ iche otu ihe nke oge Elizabeth ka table decorations, mere n'ụdị akwukwo echekwa na acanthus epupụta na Baroque volute. All nke ha na-mma na carvings. Ngwaahịa ndị a eleghị anya mma festive table Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth n'oge n'ikuku.

Amber Room n'oge ọchịchị Catherine II

Na 1763, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II nyere iwu dị ka nke niile canvases ese "by Amber" ndị ga-anọchi na a Mozis nke amba. Na oké ọrụ ya were 4 afọ na 450 kilogram nke nkume. Na 1770, ọrụ e dechara.

Site iwu nke Catherine II, ka anya na mmepe nke ngwá ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ na Russia, na Amber Room gbakwunyere site ọtụtụ masterpieces nke craft.

Dị ka ndepụta weere na D. Grigorovich, na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ n'obí e nwere otu nnukwu ego nke ngwá ụlọ, ukwuu n'ime dressers na tebụl. Ihe ọ bụ nke French malite. Ebe n'ichepụta bụghị e nyere a ebe, dịcha na ọ bụ a Russian ngwaahịa. Otu n'ime ihe ndị gosiri anyị, obi nke úkwù, bụ karịsịa na-akpali. Ya pụrụ iche na akara aka na-ejikọ ya obi bụ akpali nnọọ mmasị. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ha na-ekpe ndị nọ n'obí ẹka Germany wakporo, na ọkara otu narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị na otu n'ime ha laghachiri ha mbụ ọnọdụ. Na tupu-agha photos nke Amber Room-ma obi e dere ha, ha na-esịne ke yiri nkata nke ngosi nka na 1938-1940. Laghachi mpempe ngwá ụlọ na-akara, nke kwekọrọ na nọmba site na-aza ajụjụ akwụkwọ nke ulo. Na 1990s, obi a hụrụ na Berlin, na a onwe collection, ma zụta si ya onye nwe ya na-ebute ụzọ nke magazin "Spiegel", na mgbe e mesịrị, na 2000, nwetaghachiri ndị masterpiece nke Amber Room nke Catherine Obí (Pushkin). Obi nke úkwù, na mgbakwunye na ya na-akpali aka bụ ọchịchọ ịmata na ya, dị ka ihe atụ nke onye nke mbụ ahụmahụ nke ngwá ụlọ Ndinam na Russia na samples of French ngwaahịa metụtara 1760 nke afọ.

Ebe ọ bụ na nnukwu fluctuations na okpomọkụ, drafts na stoveheating ebibi amba, naanị ugboro atọ na XIX narị afọ e rụrụ mweghachi nke Amber ụlọ.

The foto nke Amber Room

Na 1907, ndị Lumière ụmụnna emepụta mbụ plastinki- "autochromes" site na-emepe emepe a atọ-agba Mozis ụkpụrụ. Ndị a bụ ndị ụfọdụ n'ime ndị mbụ na agba oyiyi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke foto. Na 1917 Lukomsky, isi nke art-akụkọ ihe mere eme nyere, bụ ndị rụrụ ọrụ na obí eze, e nyere ikike na-ebu égbè na ulo elu nile nke Tsarskoye Selo. Tinyere zubere iji wepụ na na Pushkin Catherine Obí, na Amber Room na-na-na-photographed. Nke a dị mkpa ike catalogs nke ngosi nka ngosi. Agbapụ E duziri AA Zeestom. The Catherine Obí photos e weere na June na Alexander - si August 14, 1917, ozugbo ikpeazụ Russian Emperor Nicholas II na ezinụlọ ya e zigara Tobolsk. PK Lukomsky 11 October 1917 natara 140 gbaa, otu onye nke e weghaara na Amber Room na Catherine Obí. Up ruo mgbe 1941, ọ bụ naanị ya na agba ya image.

Na afọ 1933-1935 na obere ọrụ mweghachi rụrụ ọkpụ I. Krestovsky.

ọnwụ nke ime

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1941 na ọ e zubere a magburu masterpiece mweghachi, ma Ukwu Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya gbochiri ya, mmejuputa iwu. Amber Room ga kpọpụrụ, nke mosaics kpuchie na a mkpa oyi akwa nke a pụrụ iche anụ ahụ akwụkwọ. Ma ikpe mwepụ nke panel gosiri na amba crumbles. Ọ dị nnọọ mkpa ịnọgide na-looting na Catherine Obí. The Amber Room, onye price a n'ezie nnukwu, na-ama-ezo site na ndị mwakpo. Ya mere, e kpebiri na-erubere ya ichebe ka. Ogwe taped fere fere ákwà, tọrọ mkpuchite nke batting na kpuchie ha na osisi mbadamba.

Mgbe Amber Room (Catherine Obí, Pushkin) okodomo German agha, n'etiti ha ka otu ọkachamara na mbupụ nke art akụ, a panel e wepụrụ na zigara Königsberg.

Ọ bụ ruo mgbe mmiri nke na 1945. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Germany bụ "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", ndị nkatọ Alfred nọkwasịrị, November 13, 1941 haziri ihe ngosi nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume, na ụfọdụ ọcha nke mma nke Amber Room (ya ndò dị nchebe ebe) na Prussian Art Museum. Na 1944, mgbe ndị Germany gbaghachi azụ azụ panel kagburu, juru n'ọnụ n'ime igbe na zigara onye amaghi ebe. Kemgbe ahụ, Amber Room anọgide na-efu.

revival masterpiece

Na 1979 na Council nke Ozi nke RSFSR, e kpebiri re-guzosie amba ogwe.

Na 1983, na foto na negatives nke Amber Room na Catherine Obí mbido nke revival nke oru ngo nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. A. Kedrinskogo. Na 1994 o guzobere mbụ panel ke ala EBIONITISM, na ndị ọzọ ọrụ na Mozis "anya" e dechara afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị. Na April 2000, ihe ngosi nka laghachi dị na Germany dresser Russian na Mozis ọrụ "aka na isi" na bụ akụkụ nke ihe mara mma nke ụlọ.

Na June 2003, na nsọpụrụ nke St. Petersburg tercentenary na Pushkin (Catherine Obí) The Amber Room e meghere ka ọha na eze. The ememe e gara site Russian na German isi. The ọrụ, nke e kere afọ 24, e dechara. A ọhụrụ oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a nnukwu ọrụ nkà!

The Amber Room (Catherine Obí): ebe, na-emeghe awa

Pushkin, nke ngosi nka na-emi odude, emi odude 25 kilomita site St. Petersburg.

Ugbu a, Catherine Obí (Amber Room) bụ na-emeghe kwa ụbọchị site na 10 ruo 17 awa, nanị ụbọchị anya - Tuesday na bụla ikpeazụ Monday nke ọnwa bụ a ịdị ọcha ụbọchị.

Na okpomọkụ, na ọrụ nke njem nleta dị iche iche na ukara ndị nnọchianya bụ rụrụ site 10 ruo 16 awa na site 16 ruo 17 - ọnụ ụzọ maka tiketi maka onye ọbịa. Ọ bụrụ na e nweghị ndị omenala dị iche iche, ọrụ onye ọbịa nwere ike na-ewere ọnọdụ mgbe ọzọ. Tiketi na-adịghị tupu-ere, ha ga-zụrụ na na igbe ọrụ, emi odude ke paseeji Obí (Pushkin, Tsarskoye Selo, Catherine Obí).

The Amber Room, a nleta nke bụ n'efu, na-enye ego maka ụfọdụ edemede nke ndị bi na. N'ihi ya, na-eri nke tiketi n'ihi na ndị okenye bụ 400 rubles, na maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Russian mahadum, nakwa dị ka pensioners nke Russian Federation na Belarus - 300 rubles. Ndị a tiketi ahịa na-setịpụrụ Catherine Obí. The tour site na Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na (Amber Room gụnyere) na ebubo iche iche.