The July mgbanwe na French mgbanwe nke 1830: nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ya pụta

Ná ngwụsị nke XVIII narị afọ, e nwere oké mgbanwe ke France. Ndị sochirinụ e ọlị udo. The na-abịa ike nke Napoleon na mmeri ya, nke biri dị ka a n'ihi nke meriri mgbe "Narị Days" mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na-enwe mmeri ike amanye na mba mweghachi nke Bourbons. Ma n'ọbubu-eze Louis XVIII nke ahuhu na-adịghị ahụ wee kwụsị. Iweghachi mmetụta ma ama ọkụ n'obi maka ọbọ, ha rụrụ ada megide Republicans, na ọ bụ naanị esemokwu ahụ ngagharị iwe. The eze bụ kwa na-arịa ọrịa na ọbụna n'ụzọ zuru ezu obibi na kasị akpa nsogbu, o nweghị ike ime obodo na ala ya na-atụ ma aku na uba ma ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ma nwụrụ nke ọrịa na 1824, ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ French eze, bụ onye na-agaghị kwaturu site a mgbanwe ma ọ bụ kuu. Mere, mgbe ya na ọnwụ mere July mgbanwe (1830), nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpọ "atọ dị ebube ụbọchị"?

Prerequisites July mgbanwe nke 1830: ọrụ nke bourgeoisie

Gịnị bụ ndị na-akpata nke July mgbanwe ke France? Site na 1830s, ikeketeorie na Western Europe ike ya ọnọdụ. Na England, o dechara ulo oru mgbanwe ke France na ngwa ngwa na-emepe emepe factory mmepụta (na nke a na mba n'ihu Belgium na Prussia).

Nke a emewo ka ike nke mmetụta nke ulo oru bourgeoisie, nke ugbu a adọwa ike, mgbe gọọmenti gbachiteere ọdịmma nke nanị ndị oké ozu nwe ala na elu ụkọchukwu. Nke a nwere mmetụta ọjọọ n'ahụ na mmepe nke ala. Mkpesa mmetụta akpata-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ omume nke kwabatara site na oké ozu gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-egwu mweghachi nke tupu revolutionary iji.

Ke adianade do, bourgeoisie, na a na gburugburu ebe obibi e nwere ọtụtụ ndị Republicans na-akwado mgbanwe, enweghị obi ụtọ na ya na-eto eto ọrụ nke ndị Jesuit na n'obí, nhazi ụlọ ọrụ, nakwa dị ka n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.

The iwu na remuneration nke mbụ emigrants

Na 1825, na mba-adiaha a iwu n'okpuru nke kwabatara ndị mbụ oké ozu natara ụgwọ na ego nke banyere otu ijeri franc na emebi, ya bụ, bukọọrọ ala. Nke a iwu e kwesịrị ọzọ ike ọnọdụ nke oké ozu na mba. Ma ọ kpasuru nnọọ klas abụọ - nkịtị na bourgeoisie. Nke ikpeazụ a ghara inwe afọ ojuju na eziokwu na ego ego na ama, n'ezie, mere na-efu nke rentier, n'ihi na ọ na-eche na ego maka nke a akakabarede ga-enye ala rents si 5 3%, na nke a na-emetụta ego nke bourgeoisie.

Kuchiri n'otu oge "nkwulu iwu", nke maka njọ megide okpukpe bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike penalties e weere, nwekwara esemokwu ahụ discontent na klas, n'ihi na ọ hụrụ na-alaghachi ochie.

The ulo oru nsogbu dị ka a mkpa maka July mgbanwe

Ndị na-akpata nke July mgbanwe nke 1830, na-osụhọde ke eziokwu na na 1826 e nwere ulo oru nsogbu na mba. Ọ bụ a classic nsogbu nke overproduction, ma mbụ cyclic nsogbu ahụ chere ihu France sochiri England. Ọ dochie a ogologo na-adọ nke ịda mbà n'obi. Na nsogbu coincided na ọtụtụ afọ nke akuku odida na-aka njọ ọnọdụ nke bourgeoisie, ndị ọrụ na nkịtị. Na obodo, ọtụtụ na-eche na enweghị ike ịchọta ọrụ na obodo nta - agụụ.

The ulo oru bourgeoisie pinned ụta maka ihe ahụ merenụ na ikike, na-ekwu na ọchịchị nke na n'ihi elu ahịa na ọka, mmanụ a na ngwaọrụ na-eri price of French ngwaahịa na-eto eto, na ha competitiveness na ụwa ahịa ada.

The mbụ barricades na mgbanwe na ochichi

Na 1827, e, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, a mmeghari nke mgbanwe. Mgbe ahụ, na njikọ na ntuli aka na Chamber of Deputies na Paris, na e nweghị pụtara udo demonstrations na-arụ ọrụ na klas agbata e wuru barricades ma sonyere ndị nnupụisi ahụ a ọbara see na ndị uwe ojii.

N'otu 1827 ntuli aka ọtụtụ votes gbatara liberals, onye choro mmụba nke electoral iwu, ọchịchị ngosipụta nzuko, ikike obodo onwe-ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ya, Korol Karl X manyere arụkwaghịm ultraroyalistskoe ọchịchị. Ma ọchịchị ọhụrụ gawa site agụ Martignac, nke unsuccessfully chọ uf od n'etiti bourgeoisie na ama, eze mere na-amasị. Ọ ọzọ na-eleghara ndị ọchịchị, guzobere ọhụrụ kabinet nke ultra ma dọba na isi nke ya mmasị, na Duke nke Polignac, a nwoke a ga-ebibi ya.

Ka ọ dịgodị, ahụ erughị ala na mba mụbara, na mgbanwe na ọchịchị nke so.

Ikpé nke July 26, na-ekpochapụ nke Charter 1814

King kweere na na na na na naa nke mkpesa pụrụ imeri site tightening mode. Na iri-na-isii na July 1830 na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Nyochaa" e bipụtara mkpebi na, na mmetụta, kagburu ọnọdụ nke Iwu Charter nke 1814. Na ọ bụ na ọnọdụ ndị a na-ala, meriri Napoleon gbakee onyeeze na France. Citizens anabata ndị a ikpé ka a kuu mgbalị. Karịsịa kemgbe ndị a omume, anapụ France nke free ọha oru, kpọmkwem dị ka ha dị.

First ikpé kagburu nnwere onwe nke pịa, etisasịwo nke abụọ Chamber na nzuko omeiwu, na-atọ na, n'eziokwu, bụ onye ọhụrụ electoral iwu, dị ka nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnọchiteanya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ntuli otu Chamber agọ nri megharịa ndị nakweere iwu. The anọ ikpé họpụtara na-emeghe nnọkọ nke Chambers.

Mmalite nke ọgba aghara obodo: ọnọdụ na isi obodo

King obi siri ya ike na ike nke ọchịchị. Ọ dịghị jikoro maka na o kwere omume aghara n'etiti ìgwè mmadụ na-atụ anya, ebe ọ bụ na onye ọchịchị nke ndị uwe Mangin kwuru na Paris na adịghị akpali. Duke nke Polignac kweere na ya, n'ihi na m chere na ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu na-indifferent na electoral usoro. Na-akwanyere ndị ala ọmụmụ ọ bụ, ma na-ebute ọdịmma nke bourgeoisie ikpé metụrụ kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu.

Otú ọ dị, Government atụle na bourgeoisie agaghị anwa anwa na-agha. Ya mere, na isi obodo e nwere nanị 14 puku ndị agha, na maka nyefe nke jikoro Paris ọzọ agha e weere. Eze we achụ nta na Rambouillet, ebe zubere gaa ya obi na Saint-Cloud.

Mmetụta ikpé na ngosipụta na Palais Royal

Ikpé na-na na uche ọha na eze ozugbo. Ma mmeghachi omume ha siri ike. Mgbe ngwaahịa mgbanwe dara n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama dọwa. Ka ọ dịgodị, ndi oru nta akuko, na onye collection gafere na akwụkwọ akụkọ "constitutionalists", kpebiri na-ebipụta a mkpesa megide ikpé, na chịkọtara a pụtara nkọ okwu.

Na otu ụbọchị, e nwere ọtụtụ nzukọ nke nọchiri anya eze. Otú ọ dị, ha na-emezughị na-abịa ka ihe ụfọdụ na-na mkpebi na sonyeere protesters naanị mgbe o yiri ka ndị insurrection nwere ike nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha. Na-akpali mmasị, ọkàikpe akwado ndị nnupụisi. Na arịrịọ nke "Tan" akwụkwọ akụkọ "Courrier Français," na ndị ọzọ, na-Commercial Court na Court nke mbụ iwu-ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ ibipụta consecutive nọmba na ederede mkpesa, n'ihi na ikpé megidere Charter na-apụghị nkịtị na ụmụ amaala.

Ke mbubreyo, nke iri abụọ na isii nke July na Palais Royal malitere ngosi. The protesters chanted slogans "Down na-eje ozi!" The Duke nke Polignac, bụ onye na-agba ya ajụjụ tinyere boulevards, n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube agbapụla na ìgwè mmadụ ahụ.

The ihe nke July 27: mgbochi

The July mgbanwe ke France nke 1830 malitere na 27 July. N'ụbọchị a, typography emechi. Ọrụ ha were na n'okporo ámá, na-adọkpụpụta na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ nkà. The obodo na-ekwu banyere ikpé na bipụtara ndi oru nta akuko mkpesa. N'otu oge ndị Paris mụtara na iwu nke ndị agha na isi obodo ga Marmont, onye bụ ịdị n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, Marmont kwadoghị ikpé na gbochiri ndị ọrụ nche ma nye iwu ha ka ha ghara amalite agbapụ ka ogologo dị ka ndị nnupụisi na-adịghị na-amalite a gunfight, na a egbe agha ọ maara na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ abua na iri gbaa.

On a ụbọchị n'okporo ámá ndị Paris elu barricades. Site mgbede ha na-alụ ọgụ, na-instigators nke ndị tumadi ụmụ akwụkwọ. Barricades na Saint-Honore n'okporo ámá e agha. Ma aghara nọgidere obodo, na Polignac kwuru na Paris bụ ndị agha nọchibidoro. The eze nọrọ na Saint-Cloud, na-enweghị si ya na mbụ oge na-akpachara anya zoro ịrịba ama nke nchegbu.

The ihe nke July 28: The nnupu isi na-aga n'ihu

The nsogbu ahụ rikpuru Paris, gara bụghị naanị site ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndi oru nta akuko, ma obere bourgeoisie, gụnyere ahịa. Na n'akụkụ nke ndị nnupụisi na ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nche - ikpeazụ ada agha alụ. Ma nnukwu ego bourgeoisie were a anwu.

Ma orú-na-asatọ ubọchi nke July, ọ bịara doo anya na nnupụisi a dị ebe nile. Ọ bụ oge ikpebi onye isonyere.

The ihe nke July 29: na Tuileries na Louvre

N'echi ndị nnupụisi agha were Tuileries. N'elu ya bu a tricolor welitere n'oge French mgbanwe. Agha, e meriri. Ha na-amanye agbahapụ na obí eze nke Saint-Cloud, ma ọtụtụ regiments sonyeere insurgents. Ka ọ dịgodị, ndị Paris malitere n'ọgụ na Swiss-eche ha nche, lekwasị n'azụ veranda nwere ogidi nke Louvre, ma na-amanye ndị agha agbanahụ.

Ihe omume ndị a gosiri ndị nnọchiteanya eze na ike n'akụkụ ndị nnupụisi. Mkpebi ya e mere na bankers. We na-edu ndú nke na-enwe mmeri nsogbu, gụnyere ndutịm ọrụ ma na huu na-enupụ isi obodo nri.

The ihe nke July 30: The ọchịchị omume

Mgbe ke St. Cloud ndika odomo ndị Charles X, na-akọwa ya ezi ọnọdụ na Paris guzobere ọhụrụ kabinet, gawa site na Duke nke Mortemart a kpọlitere, a supporter nke Charter na 1814. Bourbon usoro ndị eze na-aba ịzọpụta.

July mgbanwe nke 1830, bụ nke malitere dị ka a na nnupu isi megide mmachibido nke nnwere onwe na-ebuso gọọmenti Polignac, chigharịkwuuru slogans banyere nkwatu eze. Gọvanọ nke alaeze e kwuru Duke Louis Filipp Orleansky, na ihe ndị ahụ ọ bụ obere - a osisi dị na ihe yiri nke na-enupụ isi bourgeoisie banyere ọdịdị nke ike dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụ n'agha.

August 1, Charles X manyere banye iwu. Ma ọ abdicated na ihu ọma nke nwa nwa ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ihe o. Mgbe izu abụọ gachara, Charles X na ezinụlọ ya kwaga ka England, Lui Filipp ghọrọ eze, natara wobbly iji, na-akpọ July eze chịwara, kere ruo 1848.

The esi nke na-July mgbanwe nke 1830

Gịnị bụ ihe nke July mgbanwe? Iji ike na France bịara, ke akpanikọ, isi ego okirikiri. Ha gbochie oruru nke Republic na anyịnwa ịhụkwu nke mgbanwe, ma e kuchiri ọzọ emesapụ aka n'akwụkwọ iwu, nke belata onwunwe iru eru maka Ntuli na mụbaa ikike nke Chamber of Deputies. Ha na-ejedebeghị na ziri ezi nke ndị ụkọchukwu Katọlik. Longer ike inweta obodo ọchịchị, ma na ọgwụgwụ ike niile na ọchịchị councils ka natara nnukwu-atụ ụtụ isi. Ma aka ike iwu megide ndị ọrụ, ọ dịghị onye chere na cheekwa ozo.

ускорила восстание в соседней Бельгии, где, впрочем, революционеры выступали за образование самостоятельного государства. The July mgbanwe nke 1830 na France agawo ọkụ nsogbu gbara agbata obi Belgium, ebe, Otú ọ dị, ndị chọrọ iweta mgbanwe kwalitere guzobe otu nọọrọ onwe ha ala. Revolutinary outbreaks na Saxony na ndị ọzọ na German na-ekwu, Poland nupụụrụ ndị Russian Alaeze Ukwu, na Noa na-alụ maka Omeiwu mgbanwe na England.