"Soyuz" rọketi. Launch Rọketi "Soyuz"

N'ihi na oge mbụ a rọketi "Soyuz" manned ugboelu na oru 04/23/1968 e piloted site ya pilot-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Nile ụgbọ elu na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ezughị okè na Ọdịdị. A ụbọchị mgbe egbe nke ụgbọ mmiri jụrụ napụta usoro mgbe na-agba ọsọ ahụ unit si orbit. Ụgbọ mmiri na astronotu nọ n'ime ala. Dị otú ahụ na a mwute merenụ malitere ụzọ nke na ugboelu, nke e mechara ghọrọ ogologo ini ohere. Isiokwu na-elekwasị anya ụgbọelu rọketi "Soyuz".

History nke e kere eke

"Union" bụ a atọ-ogbo igba egbe ụgbọala (LV). Ọ e mere na-agba ọsọ na na Earth orbit manned ugboelu "Soyuz", akpaghị aka nkeji "Space".

The usoro nke na-eke 20.05.1954, na mkpebi nwee Intercontinental ballistic agha. Ndú nke mmepe usoro ndị D. I. Kozlov na S. P. Korolev. Ihe ndabere maka ọhụrụ rọketi bụ "Ọwụwa" na "R-7a". Construction malitere na 1953.

Maka ule nke niile e ji mara ndị na-ewu nke ule saịtị malitere na 1955. Ọ na-e kpebiri ike ya na Kazakhstan na n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Tyr-Tam. Taa, ọ na-niile mara na ndị Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Nanị mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma e kere eke nke LV "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP Korolev malitere mmepe nke ihe kpamkpam ọhụrụ ntụziaka nke ohere ngagharị. Ọ malitere na-emepe emepe manned ugboelu (SC) na orbital modul on board. Gbaa ndị PC bụ a rọketi "Soyuz".

Anyị kere na ndabere nke ya RN "Ọwụwa". A ịrịba modernization nọ n'okpuru a ngọngọ nke atọ ogbo. Ọ bụ omume na-eme ka ọtụtụ ndị ike e ji mara nke ngwaọrụ.

imewe

Rọketi "Soyuz" o doro anya na nwere pụrụ iche atụmatụ na Ọdịdị. Ọ na-adị mfe ghọtara site anọ n'akụkụ nkanka conical udi, emi odude ke akpa ogbo.

Ogologo na-adabere na ụdị PC, ma ọ adịghị gafere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 50,67 mita. Malite uka kwesịrị erughị 308 tọn na a ngụkọta arọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala nime 274 tọn.

Akụrụngwa akụkụ:

• Ọkwa 1 mejupụtara anọ boosters;
• 2nd - Nke a Central unit "A";
• 3rd - a ngọngọ "B";
• mberede nnapụta usoro;
• payload nkwụnye;
• nosecone.

Space rọketi "Union" bụ ike ẹkedori ibu na 7.1 tọn.

mmanụ ụgbọala

Atọ a niile nkebi nke rọketi eji otu mmanụ ụgbọala. Ha sikwa ugboelu kerosin T-1. The oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga bụ mmiri mmiri oxygen. Ọ bụghị na-egbu egbu, ma na elu ọku odachi na-agbawa agbawa.

N'ihi na ime ihe nke inyeaka systems ịkpatawo ngwa obere ego nke mmiri mmiri nitrogen, ndị hydrogen peroxide.

mgbanwe RN

Rọketi "Soyuz" amụwo ya ọzọ mgbanwe:

• "Union-L" - maka-anwale na-amị n'ọnwa modul. Ọ Onya e duziri si Baikonur Cosmodrome na 1970-1971 gg.
• "Soyuz-M" - niile na-ebupụta e duziri si Plesetsk Cosmodrome na 1971-1976 gg. N'ihi na oge mbụ na enyemaka me ka ụgbọ mmiri n'ime orbit, na mgbe ahụ malitere ga-eji na-agba ọsọ razvedsputnikov Zenith "Orion".
• "Soyuz-U" - ezubere ẹkedori n'ime orbit a plurality nke ugboelu (manned ibu). Ọ dị iche si nkiti imewe ọzọ dị ike engines 1st na 2nd nzọụkwụ. Dị ka taa oge ya mere banyere 770 ebupụta.
• "Soyuz-2" - na ụdị mgbanwe nke W. The oru ngo a na-akpọ "rus".
• "Soyuz-ST" - e tọrọ ntọala na ndabere nke ụdị 2. Ọ na-enye azụmahịa na-ebupụta si Kourou.

History ebupụta

Site 1966 na 1976 na ọ na-emepụta 32 igba egbe, nke 30 bụ nke ọma. First rọketi na oru 11.28.1966, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke e weere n'ime orbit ihe unmanned ụgbọ mmiri. Oge ikpeazụ a rọketi "Soyuz", nke ọkọnọ photos, elu 14.10.1976 afọ, na-akpụ akpụ a iga ship n'ime orbit.

All na-ebupụta na-mere si Baikonur. N'ihi nke a №1 ẹkedori pad, №31.

The igba egbe "Union" ndị ji abụọ ọdachi, nke mbụ nke bụ nke mere na 14.12.1966 afọ. The nsogbu malitere na nkwadebe maka igba egbe, mgbe n'akụkụ unit na-adịghị triggered pyro. Equipment ada, na roketi nọgidere eguzo. Ruo mgbe blended mmanụ ụgbọala, triggered mberede nnapụta usoro, nke ndị niile a anọwo na-arụ ọrụ na-ele ụgbọ ọnọdụ. Ihe kpatara nke Nsonye nke usoro bụ eziokwu na Earth agbanweela na adiana n'akuku, na ya, ọ na-anọchi na roketi. The-arụ ọrụ n'oge a guzo ụkwụ nke RN.

Dị ka akụkụ nke rọketi, ndị ọzọ na ala, na-ejide ọkụ coolant. Nke a mere ka ụdi ntiwapụ. Ọtụtụ ndị jisiri ahapụ ókèala. Ọ nwụrụ ozugbo Korostylev Isi, zoro n'azụ mgbidi ma kpagbuo nke anwụrụ ọkụ. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ, na-egbu ndị agha abụọ.

The abụọ mberede mere 04.05.1975 afọ. On osisi ndị a PC VG Lazarev na Og Makarov. Ha mere nke abụọ ogologo ụgbọ elu. Nsogbu malitere na ozuzu PC n'ime orbit, akpaaka mere ka ihe mberede ngalaba. Mgbe a manyere elu nke 150 kilomita.

The ụgbọ ahụ n'akụkụ nke a ugwu nso n'obodo Gorno-Altaisk. Ọ akpọrepu ala ugwu na-ejide ndị ọrụ ebube osisi na-eto na nsọtụ nke a kpọdara akpọda. The astronauts ọbọhọ ekele eziokwu na ndị égbè emeghị ka a parachute. Kpọpụrụ astronauts ji helikọpta. Ha elu ruo 21 nkeji 27 sekọnd.