The kacha mma eserese Durer. "Melancholia" by Dürer

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), German na-ese, graphic artist, a ma ama theorist nkà, a mụọ ya na a nnukwu ezinụlọ nke Hungarian Albrehta Dyurera Sr. na Barbara Holper Germany. Ezinụlọ bi na obodo Nuremberg na-emi odude ke edem usụk-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Germany. The nna, a-eji ọlaedo akpụ, nwata ahụ gbalịrị ịkụnye mmasị na ere goodu na ọrụ, ma-eto eto na Albrecht chọrọ ịghọ onye na-ese. Na mgbe Dürer ntà dị afọ 15, e zigara ya na ogbako nke ama ama Nuremberg ese Michael Wohlgemuth.

The mbụ nzọụkwụ nke ndị na-eto eto na-ese

Albrecht owụt a njikere ma nwee ike na-amụrụ, ọ na a obere oge mụtara bụ isi n'ụkpụrụ iwu nke sere na dere ọtụtụ obere ihe osise. Dürer osise e mma site nkụzi. Wohlgemuth, na mgbakwunye na-eke eserese, na-amụ ndịna. Ya Mbipụta, mere na ndabere nke woodcuts (osise na-osisi), na-eji akwụkwọ ya "Nuremberg Chronicle" Hartmann Schedel, a German cartographer. Illustrations mere Wohlgemuth na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya mere isi akụkụ nke akwụkwọ, nke we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka a ọrụ nkà. Na-ede nke onye nke Mbipụta na akwụkwọ "Dance nke Ọnwụ" bụ Albrecht Dürer.

okike njem

Na narị afọ nke 15 na Germany, e nwere otu omenala nke na-amụrụ njem, n'oge nke onye na-amu oru maara na ọrụ nka na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke mba. O mere ka ndị dị otú ahụ a na njem na a na-eto eto na-ese Dürer. Ya njem ahụ were afọ anọ, site na 1490 ruo 1494-nke. Na mgbakwunye na German obodo nke artist Dürer, onye osise nọ na-ama nnọọ maara nke ọma, na-gara obodo na Switzerland na Netherlands, iji nweta uru ahụmahụ oké nke nna ukwu nke Flemish sere na Switzerland ọkachamara na osise. Malite njem ya, Dürer chọrọ izute na artist Martin Schongauer, onye ọ na-ewere dị ka ụkpụrụ nke kacha mma na visual nkà. Mgbe Schongauer na Colmar biri ma rụọ ọrụ a tụrụ atụ na ọla kọpa. Otú ọ dị, nzukọ nke abụọ nka adịghị achọ, dị ka Martin obere oge tupu mbata nke Albrecht nwụrụ.

Basle

Albrecht Dürer, osise na ihe a tụrụ atụ nke na-ama mara na gburugburu ndị ọkachamara na, zutere nwanne nke oge Martin Schongauer, Ludwig, bụ ndị na-kanyere ọla kọpa. Ludwig na Albrecht nyere ya ahụmahụ. Ngwa ọla kọpa osise ọla chọrọ nkà, na ha anọwo na Durer, ebe dị ka a na-eto eto, ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na-enyere na ọla ịzụ ahịa nna-ya. Albrecht kwagara Basel, bipụtara center. Na Basel, ọ dịrị ndụ ọzọ nke Schongauer nwanne, Georg. Irubere ha, Durer mụtara niile ụzọ aghụghọ nke na-eke a akwụkwọ nke a tụrụ atụ, na mgbe a mgbe malitere ịpụta na ihe atụ ndị ahụ, akwụkwọ ndị Basel ọhụrụ, na mbụ na-amaghị ama, style. Creativity Durer zuo okè, ọ ọma-eji a ọhụrụ ụdị. Na akwụkwọ "Ụgbọ mmiri nke nzuzu" site German satirist Sebastian Brant, e nwere 75 nke ya graphic atụ. Ọzọkwa na Basel Dürer kere a usoro nke tụrụ atụ maka a akwụkwọ nke comedies Pọbliọs Terence, ndị Roman ntochi. Basel Albrecht gara Strasbourg, ebe o dere ya a ma ama "Self-Portrait na uke", nke e zigara ka nwunye ọhụrụ.

Laghachi Nuremberg

Na Nuremberg Albreht Dyurer, osise nke e dere na mbụ na mmụọ nke German flavor, laghachi na 1494 na a nnukwu ego nke ihe ọmụma nwetara n'oge afọ anọ nke wanderings site Europe. N'oge na-adịghị, ọ lụrụ Agnes Frey, akwanyere ùgwù girl, ada Hansa Freya, nọrọ n'ụlọ a ogbako ezi e ji atụ ngwá. Marriage nyere Albrecht ohere na-amalite ha onwe ha azụmahịa. Otú ọ dị, ọ tọrọ ntọala ya Ogbako Nuremberg, ọ bụ naanị na na 1495, n'ihi na ọnwa abụọ mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ya gara Italy, ebe ọ bịara mata ọrụ Giovanni Bellini, a na-ese nke Venetian akwụkwọ, na Mantegna, n'ịnọgide nkọ na isiike style of egosipụta Padua. Ụfọdụ eserese Dürer e mesịrị dere na n'otu ụzọ ahụ. A osisi nke odida obodo agwa, Dürer mere n'oge njem Italy, mgbe e mesịrị na-tụrụ atụ.

tụrụ atụ

On ya laghachiri si Italy Albrecht Dürer meghere omumuihe na nọrọ na-esote afọ 10 na mmepụta nke woodcuts na ọla kọpa. Akwado ọrụ ibe Nuremberg-nwe - Hans von Kulmbach na Hans Shoyfelinom, ọnọ Dürer tụrụ atụ atụ mbipụta nke Pindar, na Goltselya Koberger. Albrecht ọlu-ha miri emi thematic agwa, ha àgwà bụ na a elu nkà larịị. Dürer e weere a oké nna ukwu nke akwụkwọ atụ. Na 1498 ndị nkwusa Koberger bipụtara akwụkwọ bụ "Apocalypse", nke na-agụnye 15 woodcuts graphic artist, gụnyere "ndị ịnyịnya anọ" na "The Battle nke Arhangela Mihaila na dragon." The egosipụta "Apocalypse" Dürer a na-ewere ndị kasị mma nke ọrụ ya. The isiokwu na-eme 15 akụkọ n'ime a coherent dum, e brilliantly gosipụtara na-ese. Onye ọ bụla osise dị ka ọ bụ n'ihu nke gara aga na tupu ọzọ. Na ole mgbe e mesịrị, na 1514, ha bụ ndị dị omimi ọla kọpa osise akpọ "Melancholia" e kere. Dürer ese na ya gwụ angel, nke, o doro anya, na-ji obi ahụmahụ.

sere

"Apocalypse" Albrecht Dürer me n'ụwa nile ama, na "Melancholia" by Durer banyere ọlaedo enweta ego nke ezi nkà. Ihe ọzọ bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-ese akwụkwọ "The Rihanna nke St. Brigid", nke gụnyere 30 tụrụ atụ. Ke adianade na-arụ ọrụ na ihe atụ nke oge a akwụkwọ, Dürer kekwara etchings maka ọrụ nke oge ochie dere dị ka Aristotle na Theophrastus, Aristophanes na Lucian. Ozugbo ndịna, Albrecht ahapụghị na eserese, Durer oge pụtara na n'anya ọha na eze. Ọzọkwa na afọ 1497-1499 ya osise na-ese: Albrehta Dyurera nke Okenye, onye na-ese na nna, ndị Elector Frederick III of Saxony, Oswald Krell, a azụmahịa gị n'ụlọnga. Otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ịrịba ọrụ na sere na-ewere Durer sere "The Ofufe dịịrị ndị Magus." Next abịa "Dresden Altarpiece" na "asaa sorrows" - ọtụtụ polyptych.

Venice

Na 1505 Dürer gara Italy ọzọ. Na Venice, o dere, "The Oriri nke Rosary", ma na foto e kere na omenala kwaaji, na na osisi nke poplar, na a na-ele na ịtụkwasị ya na chọọchị nke San Bartolomeo nso German trading ụlọ Fondaco dei Tedeschi. Iwu picture ama German ahịa. Ugbu a, ndị "Oriri nke Rosary" na National Gallery na Prague. The oge nke ndị oge akara ọrụ nke oké nna ukwu, Titian, Palma Vecchio, Giorgione. Otú ọ dị, Albrecht Durer gravitated ka creativity Dzhovanni Bellini, nke bụ maka onwe ya atụ inimitable agba. Na njedebe, o mere enyi na Italian na-ese na na ya arịrịọ, dere, sị otu n'ime ndị ya Venetian osise - "Madonna na Chizhik". Ọzọ ọrụ kere n'oge ọnụnọ ya na Venice, Dürer, "Christ n'etiti dọkịta," nwekwara ike ịbụ na raara nye a enyi nke Albrecht.

Bologna

N'agbanyeghị enyi Giovanni Bellini, Dürer bụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù na-asọpụrụ nwoke Venice. The City Council setịpụrụ ka oge na nkà na-ese, na a amaghị na ya 200 ducats dị ka kwa afọ ego. Ọ na-e chere na Albrecht Dürer ga isonye na obodo mepere emepe oru ngo. Otú ọ dị, onye na-ese na-enweghị atụmatụ sedentary ndụ, ọ na-agbalị inwe ihe ọmụma nke ihe ọhụrụ maka onwe ha, na n'ihi nzube a ọ dị mkpa ka mgbe niile na-eme njem. Mgbe a mgbe Dürer nọ na Rom, ebe ọ na-ele anya izute na Emperor Maximilian. The nzukọ mgbe ahụ, na Albrecht gara Bologna ileta mahadum izute ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ọ bụ mmasị na atụmanya ajụjụ, na-amụ, nke ọ ga-enwe ike ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na-ewu ha na ihe osise. Consultations na mgbakọ na mwepụ Luca Pacioli, na mgbe a ogologo mkparịta ụka na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Donato Bramante sonyeere store nke ihe ọmụma nke onye na-ese, na eserese Dürer ghọrọ ihe grandiose.