The kasị organics mkpụrụ ndụ

Chemical cell nzukọ na-enye n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke dị iche iche bekee na ogige. N'ihi ya, o guzobere ọnụnọ nke macro- na microelements, mmiri ma ịnweta salts. Ẹdude ke cell na organic ihe, ndị kasị ibu nke chọpụta ya Njirimara. A ogige nwekwara mmetụta a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị e ji mara ihe organism dị ka a dum. Ọ ga-kwuru na chemical mejupụtara nke a osisi cell na anụmanụ bụ yiri ka atọm larịị. e nwere ụfọdụ iche iche na molekụla larịị.

Ọtụtụ organic bekee mkpụrụ ndụ na-ji na na ha mejupụtara na-agụnye nnukwu ụmụ irighiri (macromolecules). A, ha nwere na-ekwughachi yiri na Ọdịdị na ala-na-molekụla ogige. A ogige na-jikọrọ site a covalent nkekọ a kpụrụ na monomers. The monomers, n'aka nke ya, na-etolite a molekul nke a na-akpọ polima.

The kasị organics mkpụrụ ndụ - na abụba, nucleic asịd, carbohydrates na-edozi ahụ.

ndi na-edozi

Ha ajụjụ maka banyere iri na iri na iri abụọ percent. A oge ufodu Polymers nwere amino asịd dị ka monomers. Ndi na-edozi (tụnyere ndị ọzọ ogige) ketara ụfọdụ ịrịba atụmatụ. Akpa, ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ nwere organic bekee nnukwu molekụla arọ. Ka ihe atụ, ndị molekụla arọ nke muscle protein 15 00000 kDa, kama ka ihe atụ, ethyl mmanya - 46.

Dị ka akụkụ nke Polymers nke na-edozi hụrụ banyere iri abụọ amino asịd. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya Ọdịdị, aha, Njirimara. Amino acid molekul ugbua nke abụọ n'akụkụ. Otu akụkụ bụ otu ihe ahụ niile, na-agụnye a carboxylic acid ìgwè na ihe amino otu. Ndị ọzọ so bụ dị iche iche, na-akpọ "buu".

Ndi na-edozi na-egwu a ọrụ nke a isi iyi nke ike. N'ime sel gbarie na amino asịd ndị a ogige. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-eji protein njikọ, ka ndị ọzọ akụkụ gbatịrị miri kewara usoro. N'oge ikpeazụ na ume tọhapụrụ.

carbohydrates

Ndị a organics mkpụrụ ndụ nkejikotara hydrogen, carbon na oxygen. All carbohydrates na-ekewa n'ime monosaccharides na polysaccharides. A ibu nke ikpeazụ ụmụ irighiri na-ejikọrọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-atọhapụ mmiri. N'ihi ya, a polysaccharide.

Carbohydrates gụnyere ndị na-ebu butere n'aka ọmụma - na nucleic asịd.

lipids

Nke a na-agụnye abụba-ka bekee na abụba ozugbo. Lipids nwere a dị iche iche Ọdịdị. Otú ọ dị, ha nile na-nyere na izugbe Njirimara. Lipids bụ unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri, si otú ngwa ngwa soluble na chloroform, benzene, ether na ndị ọzọ organic solvents.

Abubara na abụba-dị ka ogige akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa. Nkezi nke lipid site akọrọ ibu - 5-15%. N'ihi ya na ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọdịnaya esịmde 90%. Abụba bụ ugbu a na ihe niile mammalian mmiri ara ehi. Na nne dolphin, n'ihi na ihe atụ, nkezi nke abụba ke mmiri ara ehi - banyere 40%.

nucleic asịd

The aha ndị a ogige na-ewepụtara na Latin okwu "Nucleus" (ntọala). Ndị bekee e kwuru na-dịpụrụ adịpụ Fridrihom Misherom nke nucleated mkpụrụ ndụ. ekenyela compound na-agụnye site na nitrogen Na 1869, afọ nke Swiss biochemist.

Nucleic asịd ndị dị elu molekụla ibu ogige. Ha hụ na ichebe na nnyefe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ọmụma na ndu eme ntule. Ndị a biopolymers ii of monomer nkeji nke nucleotides, nke na-ẹdude ke a nnukwu ego. Nucleotides chọpụta isi e ji mara nke a dị ndụ organism.

DNA - polymeric molekul, nke ndị mejupụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke monomers - deoxyribonucleotides. RNA bụ a polima. The monomer nime ya sikwa ribonucleotide.