The oge nke n'obí coups: tebụl. Results nke oge nke n'obí coups

Mkpa na-akpali ogbo na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia, e nwere a oge site 1725 na 1762. N'oge a ọ na-isii eze, ọ bụla nke ndị ụfọdụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agha. Vo Klyuchevskii n'ụzọ dabara adaba aha ya bụ na ọ na - oge nke n'obí coups. The table n'isiokwu a ga-enyere mma ịghọta n'ezie ihe omume. The mgbanwe nke ike, dị ka a na-achị, gabiga aghụghọ, orure na igbu ọchụ.

Ọ niile malitere na-atụghị anya ọnwụ nke Peter I. Ọ hapụrụ a "Charter nke inwe" (1722), nke njikọ ndị ọchịchị nwere ike na-ekwu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ.

Ọgwụgwụ nke a nsogbu epoch atụle abịa ike nke Catherine II. Ya na-achị, ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme tụlee oge nke oke mmụta absolutism.

Mụrụ n'obí coups

Isi kpatara nke niile bu ụzọ ihe ndị na-emegiderịta n'etiti plurality nke nējide onwe-iche iche banyere inwe. E jikọọ ha naanị na eziokwu na anyị kwesịrị ime ka a nwa oge kwụsị na mgbanwe. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ezumike ọ bụla otu n'ime ha hụrụ na ya onwe ya. Ke adianade do, ihe niile dị iche iche dokwara ọkụ n'obi ma ama ọkụ n'obi maka ike. Ya mere oge nke n'obí revolutions, na table nke a na-egosi n'okpuru, ọ bụ nanị na-agbanwe top.

Anyị ekwuola mkpebi nke Peter m na ikwu na inwe. Ọ nyawara omenala usoro site nke ike na-agafere si eze ka agadi nnọchiteanya nke nwoke akara.

Peter na achọghị m ịhụ onwe ha na oche-eze-ya mgbe nwa n'ihi na eziokwu na ya bụ onye iro nke mgbanwe. Ya mere, o kpebiri na eze naanị ike ịkpọ ocho oru. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwụrụ, na-ahapụ akwụkwọ na okwu a "Nye ihe niile ...".

The pụta nọ na-adịghị ná mma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị a ma ama ike ịkọrọ ebekpo - State kpochapụ ndị na-alụ maka ike. Otú malitere oge nke n'obí revolutions. Chaatị, tebụl ekwe mma track ọbara agbatị niile pretenders ocheeze.

Kuu 1725 (Catherine A.)

N'oge a ọ kpụrụ abụọ na-emegiderịta iche iche. The mbụ gụnyere A. Osterman na Menshikov. Ha chọrọ nyefee ike ka nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ nke Peter m ka Catherine Alekseevna.

Ìgwè nke abụọ, bụ nke gụnyere ndị Duke nke Holstein, chọrọ iwu n'ocheeze nke Peter II of (nwa Alexis na nwa nwa Peter m).

Clear predominance nwere Menshikov, onye bụ ike nweta Nche nkwado na-anọkwasị n'ocheeze nke Catherine I. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị nwere ikike inye ala, otú ahụ ka Grand mara Council e kere 1726. Ọ ghọrọ onye kasị elu ọchịchị ahụ.

The n'ezie onye na-achị bụ Menshikov. Ọ merie Council na-enwe na-akparaghị ókè obi ike nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị na-eduga na ọnụ ọgụgụ, mgbe ndị ọchịchị nke oge nke n'obí revolutions gbanwere (Isiokwu na-akọwa ihe niile).

The accession nke Peter II na 1727

Catherine m eze ahụ were nanị ihe karịrị afọ abụọ. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ajụjụ nke inwe ọzọ eyịride n'elu ala.

N'oge a, "Holstein otu" gawa site Anna Petrovna. Ọ butere a izu ọjọọ megide Menshikov na A. Ostermann, nke biri unsuccessfully. Emperor ghọtara dị ka na-eto eto Peter. Ya abara na onye nkụzi ghọrọ A. Osterman. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-emeghị-enye chọrọ mmetụta na eze, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ka o nwee ike ịkwadebe na-ebu nkwatu Alexander Menshikov na 1727.

Ọchịchị Anny Ioannovny 1730

Peter II nọgidere n'ocheeze ruo afọ atọ, na nwụrụ. Ọzọ, isi ajụjụ na-aghọ: "Ònye ga-ocheeze?". Ya mere wee na oge nke n'obí revolutions. The table n'okpuru na-egosi ihe na-eme.

Na ihe omume arena apụta Dolgoruky, onye na-agbali ibu eze Ekateriny Dolgorukoy. Ọ bụ a na-alụ ọhụrụ nke Peter II.

The kụrụ afọ n'ala, na ya contender nominated Golitsyn. Ọ bụ Anna Ivanovna. Ọ kpuwere ya bụ nanị mgbe bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke oyi maka Supreme mara Council, bụ nke na-efu ma na-edu.

Ọnọdụ oke ike nke eze. N'oge na-adịghị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu etịbede ya bịanyere aka akwụkwọ na-alọta na autocracy. Ajụjụ nke inwe kpebiri tupu. Ghara inwe ike iji nweta ụmụ ha, ọ mara ọkwa n'ọdịnihu onye nketa ka nwa ya bụ nwa nwanne. Ọ ga-ama otú Pita III.

Otú ọ dị, site na 1740 na Elizabeth na a nnọchiteanya nke genus Welf mụrụ nwa John bụ onye ghọrọ eze ozugbo ọnwụ Anny Ioannovny na ọnwa abụọ. Ya regent Biron ghọtara.

1740 kuu na Munnich

Regent n'ọchịchị kere izu abụọ. The kuu hazie site Field Marshal Munnich. Ọ na-akwado site na nche, jidere Biron na họpụtara regent nne na nwa.

Nwanyị ahụ bụ enweghị ike na-agba ọsọ ala, na ihe nile n'aka-ha were Munnich. Ya mechara A. Osterman. Ọ na-zitere a ubi Marshal na ezumike nká. Oge n'obí revolutions (Isiokwu e gosiri n'okpuru) agwakọta ndị eze ndị a.

The accession nke Elizabeth na 1741

November 25, 1741 wee ebe ọzọ kuu. Ọ gafere ngwa ngwa na-enweghị ọbara, ike bụ nke dị n'aka Elizabeth, ada Peter I. Ọ zụrụ maka a nche obere okwu na kwuru onwe ya na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ọ nyere ya aka a agụ Vorontsov.

Juvenile ex-Emperor nne-ya mkpọrọ na ebe ewusiri ike. Munnich, Ostermann, Levenvolde na ikpe ọnwụ, ma ọ dochie na a njikọ na Siberia.

-Achị Elizaveta Petrovna n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ 20.

The na-abịa ike nke Peter III

Elizaveta Petrovna n'ọnọdu nna-ya huru a ikwu. N'ihi ya, o we si Holstein nwa nwanne. E nyere ya aha Peter III, ọ ghọrọ ka Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. The Eze Nwanyị Ukwu bụghị obi ụtọ na ọdịdị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nketa. Ná mgbalị iji dozie ọnọdụ ahụ, ọ na-etinye ya na ndị nkụzi, ma ọ bụghị aka.

N'ihi na ịmụta nwa Elizaveta Petrovna nwunye ya ka a German Princess Sophia, nke ga-Catherine Ukwu ahụ. Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ - a nwa Paul na nwa Anna.

Tupu ọnwụ ya, Elizabeth ga-gwara họpụta ndị nọchiri Paul. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-anwa anwa ime otú ahụ. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ocheeze ebe nwa nwanne ya. Ya iwu nnọọ ịdị ma n'etiti ndi na n'etiti ama. Na nke a, mgbe ọnwụ nke Elizabeth na ọ dịghị ya ọsọ ọsọ-anyanya. Nke a bụ ihe mere maka kuu na akụkụ nke nwunye-ya, Catherine, na nke eyịride iyi egwu nke ogologo-alụkwaghịm (ọ na-kwuru, sị eze ukwu ahụ). Ọ biri oge nke n'obí mgbanwe (table-enye ndị ọzọ ihe ọmụma banyere ihe ụmụ aha otutu Eze Nwanyị Ukwu).

June 28, 1762. Catherine II Board

Ịghọ nwunye Peter Fedorovich, Catherine malite ịmụ Russian asụsụ na omenala. Ọ ngwa ngwa assimilate ọmụma ọhụrụ. O nyeere ya agbanahụ mgbe abụọ okpu afo-ime na eziokwu na na nọworo nwa Paul were ya ozugbo mgbe amuchara nwa. Ọ hụrụ ya nanị mgbe ụbọchị 40. Ọ zụlitere Elisabeth. Ọ chọsiri ike ịbụ Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ndị dị otú ahụ ohere o nwere, dị ka Pita Fedorovich okpu echichi. Elizabeth wee uru nke nkwado nke ndị nche na kwaturu ya na di ya. Dịcha, e gburu ya, ma ndị ukara version a na-akpọ ọnwụ site colic.

Ya eze ahụ were afọ 34. Ọ jụrụ regent nwa ya nwoke ma were ya ocheeze naanị mgbe ọnwụ ya. Ya eze bụ nke oge nke oke mmụta absolutism. More nkenke niile ọkọnọ table "n'obí kuu."

chịkọtara ọmụma

Catherine abịa ike-abịa na njedebe nke oge nke n'obí kuu. The table anaghị atụle ndị eze ukwu, na-achị mgbe ya, ọ bụ ezie na Pọl hapụrụ ocheeze dị ka a N'ihi nke a izu ọjọọ.

Iji mma ịghọta ihe na-eme gburugburu ya, tụlee ihe na ndị na-na-metụtara ha, site chịkọta ọmụma n'isiokwu bụ "The oge nke n'obí revolutions" (nkenke).

Isiokwu nke n'obí revolutions n'ụzọ doro anya na-akọwa na isi ihe ndị mere oge.

Results nke oge nke n'obí coups

Obí revolutions na-bụghị naanị na-alụ maka ike. Ha na-adịghị eburu a mgbanwe ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekọta mmadụ na ngalaba. The ama kewara n'etiti onwe ha kwesịrị ịchị, dị ka a n'ihi nke 37 afọ kemgbe isii-achị achị.

Ọhaneze na aku na uba na stabilization e jikọtara ya na Catherine Elizabeth m na II. Ha na-enwe ike iji nweta ihe ịga nke ọma na mba ọzọ amụma nke ala.