The United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ: akụkọ ihe mere eme, e ji mara na-akpali eziokwu

Na ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị United States na a par na Soviet Union bụ otu n'ime ụwa abụọ superpowers. States nyeere ebuli Europe nke mkpọmkpọ ebe, anyị nwetara ihe akụ na ụba na omume igwe mmadụ ọganihu. The mba malitere usoro iwepu segregation na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. N'otu oge ahụ na American ọha mmadụ na tụgharịa mgbochi Kọmunist nduhie mkpọsa nke Senator McCarthy akwado. O sina dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe esịtidem na mpụga ule, mba jisiri ịnọgide na-enwe na inosiike ya ọnọdụ dị ka a isi ochichi onye kwuo uche nke Western ụwa.

ọhụrụ superpower

Mgbe na 1939 na Europe malitere a ọbara agha, ndị US ọchịchị na-agbalị ịnọ n'ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu agha. Otú ọ dị, ogologo oge na see okwu, ndị na-erughị na-anọgide na o kwere omume ịnọgide na-enwe ihe isolationist iwu. N'ikpeazụ, na 1941, e nwere agha na Pearl Harbor. Aghụghọ Japanese agha kpaliri Washington ịtụleghachi ya atụmatụ. Ya mere tupu kọwaa ọrụ nke United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. American ọha mmadụ na-n'otu "ịlụ agha ntụte" XX narị afọ, nzube nke nke bụ mmeri ndị Nazi na ndị òtù ha.

Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ e meriri, na-ahapụ Europe mkpọmkpọ ebe. Paramount akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị uru nke Old World (Ichi na UK na France) maa jijiji. The United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nwere ohere iputa niche. Site niile na-egosi dịtụ weakly ahụhụ si na-emenye egwu ndị gara aga afọ, na mba-aghọwo deservedly atụle a superpower.

"Marshall Plan"

Na 1948 ọ malitere Act chọrọ site US Secretary of State George Marshall "European Recovery Mmemme", na-akpọ "Marshall Plan." Nzube ya bụ aku aka bibiri Europe. Site na nke a usoro nke United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ bụghị nanị na-akwado ha na ha jikọrọ aka, ma na-nwetara ya overriding ọnọdụ na Western ụwa.

The ego nke mweghachi nke ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa akụrụngwa ekenyela 17 mba. The America nyere ha aka ka socialist mba nke Eastern Europe, Otú ọ dị, nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị Soviet Union, ha jụrụ ikere òkè n'ime usoro ihe omume. Akpan akpan iji ego nyere West Germany. American ego bịara ná mba a ha na a yiri collection of reparations maka gara aga mpụ nke ọchịchị Nazi.

The uto nke na-emegiderịta na USSR

Na Soviet Union na "Marshall Plan" jụrụ ajụ, kwere na site na ya na United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-ewepụta nsogbu na Soviet Union. Nke a na-ele bụ juru ebe niile West. Ọ gbasoro gụnyere mbụ US Vice President Genri Uolles, katọrọ omume nke aka Europe.

Kwa afọ, na-eto eto see okwu n'etiti ndị USSR na United States bịara ọzọ ọzọ nnukwu. Powers, guzo na otu akụkụ na-alụso ndị Nazi iyi egwu, ma ugbu a malitere esemokwu n'ihu ọha. Emetụta ndị emegide ndị Kọmunist na onye kwuo uche echiche. Western Europe na United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ kere a agha jikọrọ aka, NATO, na Eastern Europe na Soviet Union - na Warsaw mmeko.

esịtidem nsogbu

The esịtidem mmepe nke US mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-esonyere eneni. The agha megide ndị Nazi ọjọ ọtụtụ afọ n'otu ọha mmadụ na ya mere ka ichefu banyere ha onwe ha nsogbu. Otú ọ dị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe mmeri nke isi ike ndị a na ha kwuru onwe ha ọzọ. Ke akpa itie, ha banyere n'ụlọ na-akwanyere agbụrụ dum.

Social iwu nke USA mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gbanwere ndụ ochie nke ndị India. Na 1949, ndị ọchịchị hapụrụ gara aga iwu na onwe-mkpebi siri ike. Wepụrụ abụọ. Accelerated assimilation na obodo nke Native America. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị India kwaga obodo nrụgide. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-achọghị ka-enye n'ụzọ nke ndụ nke nna nna ha, ma ha nwere imebi ha ụkpụrụ n'ihi nnọọ iche ná mba.

Iguzogide segregation

Àgwàetiti nọgidere a nsogbu nke ibe mmekọahụ nke na-acha ọcha ka ọtụtụ na nwa nta. Segregation nọgidere. Na 1948 ọ kagburu na Air Force. Na World War II, ọtụtụ African America jere ozi ụgbọelu ma ama ịtụnanya feats. Ugbu a, ha nwere ike na-nyere oru na motherland na otu ọnọdụ na-acha ọcha.

1954 nyere US ọzọ dị mkpa na-elekọta mmadụ mmeri. N'ihi na ogologo-brewing maka a na mkpebi nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu US akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-akara-ekpochapụ iche iche akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ site na agbụrụ. Mgbe ahụ Congress eze kwadoro maka oji ọnọdụ nke ụmụ amaala. US nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere na ụzọ na-eduga na nke zuru ezu gbahapụrụ nke segregation na ịkpa ókè. Nke a usoro e dechara na 1960.

na aku na uba

Mee ngwangwa mmepe nke United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mere ka ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị akụ na ụba ọganihu, nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ ka "ọlaedo afọ nke ikeketeorie". Ọ e mere site ọtụtụ ihe, dị ka nsogbu na Europe. The oge 1945-1952 gg. -atụle Keynes oge (Dzhon Keyns - na-ede akwụkwọ nke a maara nke ọma n'ụzọ akụ na ụba ozizi, dị ka nke iwu nke United States bi na afọ ndị ahụ).

Site ná mgbalị nke States nke Bretton Woods usoro e guzobere. Ya oru ikwado ahia mba ofesi na-ekwe na-ebu a "Marshall Plan" (e Ụwa Bank, na International Monetary Fund na na. D.). The aku na uba ọganihu ke United States ama ada nwa ọganihu - a njubiga, n'ihi nke e ngwa ngwa na-eto eto bi na nke mba ahụ dum.

Mmalite nke Agha Nzuzo

Na 1946, mgbe a onwe gara United States, na-ama nke mbụ British Prime Minister Winston Churchill nye ya a ma ama okwu nke ọ na-akpọ Soviet Union na ọchịchị Kọmunist egwu na Western ụwa. Taa akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na ihe a merenụ bụ mmalite nke Agha Nzuzo. Na US, mgbe president bụ Garri Trumen. Ọ, dị ka Churchill, kweere na ndị Soviet Union aghaghị ịgbaso ike-akara omume. N'oge ya onyeisi oche (1946-1953) akpatre nwetara nkewa nke ụwa n'etiti abụọ megidere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Truman bụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke "Truman n'Ozizi", dị ka nke, Agha Nzuzo bụ a see okwu n'etiti ọchịchị onye kwuo uche American na Soviet aka ike na usoro. The mbụ ezi ọkpụkpụ nke esemokwu n'ihi abụọ superpowers bụ Germany. Dị ka US mkpebi, West Berlin a gụnyere ke "Marshall Plan." The Soviet Union na aziza a, obodo mere a mgbochi. Na nsogbu kere ruo 1949. Dị ka a n'ihi na ọ na East German GDR ya e kere.

Mgbe ahụ malitere a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke ogwe aka agbụrụ. Mgbe bombings nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki ndị ọzọ mgbalị iji n'agha nke nuclear warheads - ha kwụsịrị mgbe mbụ. Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị US bụ iji na-aghọta ihe lethality nke ọhụrụ agba. Otú ọ dị, ogwe aka agbụrụ ama malitere. Na 1949 na Soviet Union na-anwale a bọmbụ nuklia, na mgbe e mesịrị - hydrogen. Americans enwekwaghị nanị ngwá agha.

McCarthyism

Na-arịa ọrịa nke mmekọahụ na Soviet Union na United States na-ulo oru a na-agbasa echiche na mkpọsa na-ewu a ọhụrụ image nke onye iro. "Red mmenyenjo" agbanwewo n'ime ihe burukwa maka ọtụtụ nde ndị America. The kasị agụsi mgbochi Kọmunist, bụ Senator Dzhozef Makkarti. Ọ na-ebo ebubo na ọtụtụ elu-ogo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha na eze ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmịiko na Soviet Union. Enweghị isi ihapu otutu okwu McCarthy ngwa ngwa ekemende site na mgbasa ozi.

The United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na obere, nwetara mgbochi Kọmunist nchiyo, ebe metụtara bụ ndị ikom, nnọọ n'ebe dị anya site n'aka ekpe-nku. McCarthyites niile nsogbu nke American otu ata ụta sabo. Ha ọgụ bụ ndị na-akwado nke ahia ịlụ na mkparita uka na socialist Bloc. Truman n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ a nkatọ nke Soviet Union, ma dị iche iche site na McCarthy si ọzọ emesapụ aka echiche. The scandalous senator bịakwutere Republican Dwight Eisenhower na 1952 merie ndị ọzọ president ntuli aka.

McCarthyists tara malitere ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na nka: andiwet Leonard Bernstein, physics David Bohm, omee Lee Grant, wdg maka nnyocha nwunye e gburu Kọmunist Julius na Ethel Rosenberg ... A bu mkpọsa chọta esịtidem iro, Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị na-emezughị. Ná ngwụsị nke 1954, McCarthy e zitere ihere arụkwaghịm.

Cuban agha nsogbu

France, Britain, na United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, tinyere ndị ọzọ na Western mba kere a agha NATO. N'oge na-adịghị ná mba ndị a gosiri nkwado maka South Korea ya mgba megide Kọmunist. Nke ikpeazụ, n'aka, nyeere Soviet Union na China. The Korean War kere afọ 1950-1953. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na njikere see okwu n'etiti abụọ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ụwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Na 1959, a mgbanwe weere ọnọdụ na ha gbara agbata obi United States, Cuba. Iji ike n'àgwàetiti bịara ndị Ọchịchị Kọmunist edu Fidel Castro. Cuba na-eji akụ na ụba nkwado nke USSR. Ọzọkwa, Soviet ngwá agha nuklia e n'àgwàetiti ahụ. Ọdịdị ya dị nso na United States dugara Caribbean nsogbu - njedebe nke Agha Nzuzo, mgbe ụwa na-na nbata-uzọ nke ọhụrụ nuclear bombings. Mgbe ahụ, na 1962, US President John F. Kennedy na Soviet ndú Nikita Khrushchev ike kpakorita na ghara ime ọnọdụ ahụ. Ndụdụ e gafere. Ọ malitere a iwu nke gradual détente.