The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) - nke a bụ ihe ụdị nzukọ? The mejupụtara nke SCO

Taa, anyị na mbara ala nwere ihe karịrị 250 mba na nke ókèala e nwere ihe karịrị 7 ijeri mmadụ. Iji ihe ịga nke ọma na-eme azụmahịa na ebe niile nke ọha mmadụ na-guzosie ike site dị iche iche, otu nke nke na-enye so mba uru na nkwado si mba ndị ọzọ.

Otu n'ime ha - na Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Nke a Yurop na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na ike agha unit, bụ nke e guzobere na 2001 site na ndị ndú nke na-ekwu, tọrọ ntọala na 1996, na Shanghai ise, nke n'oge ahụ gụnyere China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan. Mgbe ntinye nke Uzbekistan nzukọ e renamed.

Site Shanghai ise na SCO - otú ọ bụ?

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na SCO - a obodo nke States dị ka ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke nke bụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado na Shanghai na April 1996, na Agreement chie akọwaputa anyịnwa ịhụkwu agha ntụkwasị obi na State ala n'etiti Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia na Tajikistan, nakwa dị ka ọgwụgwụ n'etiti ndị a otu States mgbe a afọ nke Treaty, nke na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha na ókè-ala ebe.

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ugwu ígwè na-ẹkenịmde kwa afọ. Ebe maka nzukọ nke obodo malitere na 1998, isi obodo nke Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata, na 1999 - isi obodo nke Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek. N'afọ 2000, ndị ndú nke ise mba zutere na Tajik isi obodo Dushanbe.

N'afọ na-esonụ, ghọrọ kwa afọ elu ugwu ọzọ ẹkenịmde ke Shanghai, ebe ise nke isii gbanwee ekele accede ya na Uzbekistan. Ya mere ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmata kpọmkwem nke mba bụ ndị òtù nke SCO, anyị ichikota: ugbu a maka ikike na-fledged òtù bụ mba isii bụ Kazakhstan, Peoples Republic of China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan na Uzbekistan.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2001, na June, n'elu isi nke isii mba bịanyere aka Declaration na oruru nke nzukọ nke bụ ọrụ bara uru nke Shanghai ise e kwuru, nakwa dị ka na-ekwupụta ọchịchọ nke ndị ndú na-asụgharị ya imekọ ihe ọnụ ke kpuchie nke a elu. Na 2001, 16 July, abụọ eduga ná mba nke SCO - Russia na China - bịanyere aka Treaty nke Good-agbata obi, enyi na imekọ ihe ọnụ.

Fọrọ nke nta a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, a nzukọ nke isi nke na-ekere òkè na òtù mere na St. Petersburg. N'oge ya e banyere ndị SCO Charter, nke nwere ebumnobi na kwuru, nke ka na-agbaso na nzukọ. Ọ na-depụtara ihe owuwu ma na ụdị ọrụ, na akwụkwọ nwere e mma dị na iwu mba.

Taa SCO Member States na-ewe ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị Yurop landmass. Na ndị bi na nke mba ndị a bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụwa bi. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-echebara ndị Observer States, na ndi bi na mba nke SCO - ọkara ndị bi n'ụwa na, dị ka e kwuru ná July Summit 2005, ẹkenịmde ke Astana. Ya na nke mbụ gara ndị nnọchiteanya nke India, Mongolia, Pakistan na Iran. O kwuru nke a bụ eziokwu na ya ụtọ anabata okwu, Nursultan Nazarbayev, president nke Kazakhstan - mba n'otu afọ na nzuko. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ nwere ezi ihe echiche nke otú geographically SCO mba, map na-egosi na ọ na-setịpụrụ n'okpuru.

SCO atumatu na mmekota na òtù ndị ọzọ

Na 2007 ọ e butere ihe karịrị iri abụọ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ oru metụtara iga usoro, ike, telekomunikashions. N'Ụzọ Kwekọrọ anya na-atụle ihe iseokwu metụtara security, ihe ndị metụtara agha, agbachitere, mba ọzọ amụma, aku na uba, omenala, ichekwa ego na bank na ndị niile ọzọ bụ ndị zụliteworo n'oge ntụle nke isi si SCO mba. The ndepụta ahụ abụghị naanị ihe ọ bụla: ibu a isiokwu nke okwu ọ bụla isiokwu, nke, dị ka sonyere nke nzukọ choro uche nke ọha na eze.

Ke adianade do, ike na mmekọahụ ndị ọzọ na mba obodo. Ọ bụ na United Nations (UN), ebe SCO - ekiri ihe General Assembly, na European Union (EU), na Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN si English Association of South-East Asian Nations. ), Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Òtù nke Islam imekọ ihe ọnụ (OIC). 2015 na isi obodo nke Russian Republic of Bashkortostan Ufa nzuko nke SCO na BRICS zubere, otu n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ na-etinye oruru nke azụmahịa na mmekorita n'etiti abụọ na otu.

Ọdịdị

The elu ahu nke nzukọ - ọ bụ Council of ndi isi nke State. Ha na-eme mkpebi n'ime kpuchie nke obodo. Nzukọ-ewere ọnọdụ mgbe ugwu, ẹkenịmde kwa afo otu nke isi nke otu mba. N'oge, ndị Council of ndi isi nke State ekewet Oche nke Kyrgyzstan - Almazbek Atambayev, China - XI Jinping, Uzbekistan - Islam Karimov, Kazakhstan - Nursultan Nazarbayev, Russia - Vladimir Putin na Tajikistan - Emomali Rahmon.

Isi nke Government Council - nke abụọ kasị mkpa ahu na SCO eduzi ugwu kwa afo iji tụlee okwu ndị Multilateral imekọ ihe ọnụ, na-ehiwe na mmefu ego nke nzukọ.

Council of Foreign Ministers nwekwara ẹkenịmde nzukọ na a mgbe niile, ebe ha na-ekwu okwu banyere ugbu a na mba ọnọdụ. Ke adianade do, isiokwu nke mkparịta ụka na-mmekọrịta ndị ọzọ na otu. Nke otu mmasị na-agba ọsọ-ruo n'elu elu ugwu nke Ufa na-anọchi anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị SCO na BRICS.

Council of National coordinators, dị ka a pụrụ ịghọta ya aha, na-achikota Multilateral imekọ ihe ọnụ na-ekwu, na-achịkwa ndị SCO Charter.

Mgbe Isi ọrụ nke isi Executive ahụ nke Community. Ha na-emejuputa atumatu nhazi ya mkpebi na iwu, na-akwadebe draft akwụkwọ (ndịa, mmemme). Ọ na-eme dị ka a akwụkwọ Depository ahazi kpọmkwem eme n'ihi na nke na-arụ ọrụ nke SCO so n'òtù, na-akwalite dissemination nke ozi banyere nzukọ na ya na-eme. Secretariat emi odude ke Chinese isi obodo Beijing. Ya ugbu a General Manager - Dmitriy Fedorovich Mezentsev, onye bụbu gọvanọ nke Irkutsk mpaghara, a so na Federation Council.

The ụlọ ọrụ nke Regional Antiterrorist Structure (oke) emi odude ke isi obodo nke Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Nke a bụ a na-adịgide adịgide n'ahụ onye isi ọrụ bụ na-akwalite nkwado megide iyi ọha egwu, separatism na extremism, nke a na-arụsi nzukọ nke SCO. The isi nke a Ọdịdị na-hoputara maka a atọ afọ, onye ọ bụla Member State obodo nwere a nri izipu a na-adịgide adịgide nnọchiteanya ke mgbochi-eyi ọha egwu Ọdịdị nke mba.

Security imekọ ihe ọnụ

SCO mba ifịk ifịk na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke nche, na-elekwasị anya bụ na nsogbu nke huu ya na-ekere òkè States. Karịsịa mkpa n'ihi na taa bụ banyere ihe ize ndụ nke nwere ike-gụrụ òtù nke SCO na Central Asia. Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, na nzukọ nke aga-eme na-agụnye countering iyi ọha egwu, separatism na extremism.

Mgbe June SCO Summit 2004, ẹkenịmde ke isi obodo, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, nke Regional Antiterrorist Structure (oke) guzobere na ekemende kere. Na April 2006, a nkwupụta mere site na ụlọ ọrụ, nke kọrọ na zubere ọgụ na mgba cross-ókè-ala ọgwụ mpụ site eduzi counter-iyi ọha egwu arụmọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ a mara ọkwa na ndị SCO - nke a abụghị a agha Bloc, na nzukọ na-adịghị ga-abụ ya, ma ụba iyi egwu nke ndị dị otú ahụ phenomena dị ka iyi ọha egwu, extremism na separatism, eme ka ọ na-agaghị ekwe omume na-arụ ọrụ iji hụ na nche na-enweghị zuru aka nke ndị agha.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2007, na October na Dushanbe, isi obodo nke Tajikistan, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na CSTO (mkpokọta Nche Treaty Organization). Nzube nke a bụ na mgbasa nke nche imekọ ihe ọnụ, na-agha megide mpụ na ịzụ ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ. A na nkwonkwo edinam plan n'etiti òtù e kwadoro na Beijing na mmalite 2008.

Ke adianade do, SCO ifịk ifịk na-emegide cyber agha, na-ekwu na ozi-akwadebe, na-akwado ihe ọjọọ ime mmụọ, nke omume na omenala na ngalaba nke mba ndị ọzọ kwesịrị-atụle ka a nche iyi egwu. Dị na mkpebi weere na 2009, definition nke "ọmụma agha" dị otú ahụ na-eme na-tụgharịrị ka ihe omume nke na-emebi a steeti na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ usoro nke mba ọzọ.

Cooperation òtù ndị agha okirikiri

Na-adịbeghị anya, nzukọ anọwo ọrụ, ebumnobi nke onye na-nso agha imekọ ihe ọnụ, counter-iyi ọha egwu na ọgụgụ isi òkè.

N'oge a, ndị SCO òtù ẹkenịmde a usoro nke nkwonkwo agha omume: nke mbụ e ekenịmde ke 2003 ná nkebi abụọ, akpa ke Kazakhstan, na mgbe ahụ na China. Kemgbe ahụ, Russia na China n'okpuru nkwado nke SCO e duziri nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha omume na 2005, 2007 ( "Peace Mission-2007") na 2009.

Karịa 4,000 Chinese agha aghọwo ndị ọzọ na-na nkwonkwo agha omume na 2007 na Chelyabinsk region, kwetara na aga na afọ ná nzukọ nke agbachitere ozi nke SCO. N'oge ndị a ifịk ifịk eji dị ka ihe ikuku ike na nkenke-eduzi ngwá agha. The mgbe Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov mara ọkwa na omume bụ uzo na-emeghe ka ọha na eze na media. Ihe ịga nke ọma ẹkụre apostle Russia ọchịchị mụbaa co-operation, otú ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-a so na ndị dị otú ahụ omume n'okpuru nkwado nke SCO kpọrọ Russia na India.

Agha omume "Peace Mission 2010", ẹkenịmde ke Kazakh ule na saịtị Matybulak na September 2010, ada ọnụ karịrị 5000 Chinese, Russian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz na Tajik agha ndị nọrọ ọnụ ozizi banyere arụmọrụ eduzi ma na-eme ndị agha arụmọrụ.

SCO bụ a ikpo okwu maka mkpa agha ngwa na-eme ka na-ekere òkè ná mba. N'ihi ya, n'oge na-Russian omume na 2007, ná nzukọ Vladimir Putin mara ọkwa mba, President ndú Russian usoro atụ bọmbụ maliteghachiri ha flights na-agagharị na ebe maka oge mbụ ebe ọ bụ na "agha nzuzo".

SCO ọrụ na aku na uba

Ke adianade otu ke SCO mba nke nzukọ, na wezụga nke China, nke Yurop Economic Community. The aka n'ime Framework Agreement -ekwu, nke SCO, na transferor na aku na uba na imekọ ihe ọnụ a ọhụrụ larịị, mere na September 2003. E nwekwara ndị Prime Minister Wen Jiabao e kpọrọ na iso na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke a free ahia uzo na SCO mpaghara mba, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ jikoro iji nyere aka melite ibu eruba n'ime ya. The N'ihi nke a amaghị na bụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado na 2004 nke 100 plan nke ihe omume.

Na October 2005, Moscow elu ugwu ndị ji na Secretary General kwuru na nzukọ nke SCO ga-akwụ ike na anya ka nkwonkwo ume oru ngo, gụnyere ma mmanụ na gas oru, nakwa dị ka ịdị na nke mmiri na ego na mmepe nke ọhụrụ hydrocarbon mee. ihe e kere eke nke SCO Interbank Board na-mma na elu elu ugwu ahụ, onye ọrụ bụ na-agụnye ego nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na oru ngo. Ya nzukọ mbụ e nwere na Beijing, China, na February 2006, na November n'otu afọ, ọ bịara mara banyere mmepe nke Russian atụmatụ maka a na-akpọ "SCO Energy Club." The mkpa ike ya enen na November 2007 elu ugwu, Otú ọ dị, na wezụga nke Russia, na ọ dịghị onye nwere ọrụ iji mejuputa a echiche, ma ọ e mma na August 2008 elu ugwu.

Summit 2007 ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme ekele ụzọ nke Iranian Vice President Parviz Davoudi ka asị na SCO - a akwa ebe na-chepụta a ọhụrụ ichekwa ego na bank usoro nke na-adịghị adabere na mba.

Mgbe June 2009 elu ugwu na Yekaterinburg, nke SCO na BRICS mba (n'oge ahụ ka na-BRIC) ẹkenịmde n'otu oge, na Chinese ọchịchị mara ọkwa oke nke òtù nke nzukọ nke n'aka nke $ 10 ijeri iji wusie ha aku gburugburu ụwa na ego nsogbu .

Omume nke mba Shanghai Cooperation Organization na ubi nke omenala

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, na mgbakwunye na-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị agha, na akụ na ụba, bụ ifịk ifịk na omenala na-eme. Nzukọ mbụ nke SCO Ozi nke Culture weere ọnọdụ na China isi obodo nke Beijing na April 2002. Na N'ezie nke na ọ bịanyere aka a nkwonkwo na nkwupụta na egosi n'ihu nke imekọ ihe ọnụ a na ubi.

N'okpuru aegis nke SCO na Kazakhstan si Astana na 2005, ya na ndị na-esote elu ugwu, mbụ ẹkenịmde Arts Festival na ngosi. Kazakhstan emewokwa a amaghị jide n'okpuru nkwado nke ndị mpako na-agba egwú ememme. The amaghị nabatara, na ememme ẹkenịmde ke Astana na 2008.

Jide a elu ugwu

Dị ka signatories na Charter, nzuko nke SCO Council of ndi isi nke State e ẹkenịmde kwa afọ dị iche iche n'obodo nke na-ekere òkè ná mba. Ọzọkwa, akwụkwọ na-egosi na Council of ndi isi nke Government (Prime Ministers) nke na-ejide elu ugwu otu ugboro n'afọ na ókèala ndị Member States nke Òtù n'ebe kpebisiri ike site òtù ya n'ọdịnihu. Council of Foreign Ministers na-aga, otu ọnwa tupu kwa afọ elu ugwu nke onye isi nke obodo. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-akpọkọta ndị pụrụ iche nnọkọ nke Foreign Affairs Council, ọ nwere ike haziri na ụzọ nke abụọ ọ bụla na-ekere òkè States.

Ònye pụrụ isonyere SCO n'ọdịnihu?

ka e mma n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2010 maka nnabata nke ọhụrụ òtù, ma otú anya onye ọ bụla nke ndị na-achọ inwere isonyere nzukọ zuru so mba mere abụghị. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime mba ndị a anọwo na ndị òtù nke SCO elu ugwu dị ka ekiri. Ha kwuru na ha na mmasị ịbanye mbụ otu. N'ihi ya, na-eme n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ịghọ a so na SCO, Iran na Armenia. Nke ikpeazụ, na-anọchite anya Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan n'oge a nzukọ na a otu si China gosiri mmasị na inweta hụrụ ọnọdụ na Shanghai International Organizations.

SCO ekiri

Taa, a na ọnọdụ na nzukọ ndị nwere mba nke SCO na BRICS. Afghanistan, n'ihi na ihe atụ, wee ya na Beijing Summit 2012. India na-eme dị ka onye nkiri na Russia, na-ahụ ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ga-eme n'ọdịnihu usoro mmekọ, gbara ya ume ka a zuru so na SCO. A ụzọ na-akwado site na Russian na China.

Ọ na-eme dị ka onye na-ekiri ekiri na Iran, nke bụ ịghọ onye na otu na March 2008. Otú ọ dị, UN sanctions mere ka a nwa oge mkpọchi nke doro usoro na mba nke SCO. The mejupụtara nke hụrụ mba gụnyere Mongolia na Pakistan. Nke ikpeazụ na-na-achọ isonyere nzukọ. Nke a nkwa-akwado ndị na Russian n'akụkụ ya n'ihu ọha.

Dialogue Partnership

Regulations na mkparịta onye pụtara na 2008. Ọ na-depụtara na Nkeji edemede 14 nke Charter. Na ya kwuo onye na-ahuta ka a obodo ma ọ bụ mba na nzukọ na udeme ụkpụrụ na ebumnobi na-achụ site SCO, ma nwee mmasị guzosie ike a mmekọrịta nke ibe bara uru nakwa nha ediomi.

Mba ndị a na-Belarus na Sri Lanka natara a ọnọdụ na 2009, n'oge elu ugwu na Yekaterinburg. Na 2012, n'oge Beijing Summit, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmekọ na mkparịta Turkey jikọtara ejikọta.

Nkwado na West

Kasị Western ekiri ndị na-ekwu na SCO ga-ike a counterweight na US na na NATO na iji gbochie ekwe omume agha, ikwe ka United States igbochi na esịtidem omume nke mba ndị agbata obi - Russia na China. America gbalịrị inweta hụrụ ọnọdụ na nzukọ, ma ya ngwa jụrụ ke 2006.

Mgbe 2005 elu ugwu na Astana na njikọ na agha omume Afghanistan na Iraq, nakwa dị ka na-ejighị n'aka ọnọdụ banyere ọnụnọ nke US agha na Kyrgyzstan na Uzbekistan, nzukọ na-ekwu ka e mere na US ọchịchị banyere usoro iheomume nke ndọrọ ego nke ndị agha si so n'Òtù nke SCO . Mgbe na Uzbekistan a mara ọkwa arịrịọ maka mmechi nke K-2 ikuku isi na ya n'ókèala.

Ọ bụ ezie na nzukọ ka e mere ihe ọ bụla kpọmkwem okwu banyere oké egwu US mba ọzọ amụma na-eme na ọnụnọ ha na mpaghara, ụfọdụ anọ okwu na-adịbeghị anya ọmụmụ e si na Western media dị ka a na-akatọ Washington omume.

geopolitics SCO

Na-adịbeghị anya, isiokwu maka comment na mkparịta ụka na-aghọ a geopolitical ọdịdị nke nzukọ.

Zbigneva Bzhezinskogo ozizi na-ekwu na Eurasia management - bụ isi ihe na ụwa nchịkwa, na-ekwe omume nke na-achị ndị Central Asian mba enye ike ịchịkwa Yurop Afrika. Ịmara ihe mba bụ ndị òtù nke SCO, anyị nwere ike ikwu na, n'agbanyeghị articulated mgbaru ọsọ Iguzogide extremism ma rụọ ọrụ nchekwa nke ókè-ala ebe, nzukọ, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, mgbalị nile e mere ka imegide ọrụ nke American na NATO na Central Asia .

Na mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2005, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov kwuru na omume nke nzukọ nke na-arụ ọrụ iji na-guzosie ike a dị nnọọ ma ò ụwa iji na e guzobere a fundamentally ọhụrụ nlereanya nke geopolitical mwekota. Nke a ọrụ na-ekenịmde dị ka ifịk ifịk nakwa dị ka ọrụ ndị metụtara ndị ọzọ na ngalaba nke na-elekọta mmadụ ndụ.

Chinese media kọrọ na, na dị na Nkwupụta nke SCO na ndị nọ na ya na-chọrọ inye nche na mpaghara, ya mere ha na-agba ndị West bụghị igbochi ya omume. Ndị ọzọ okwu, Asian mba abịa ọnụ ike a ezigbo ọzọ ka European na mba na obodo na-ewu ha onwe ha, onwe ha nke Western mba obodo.