The ụgbọelu "tu-204": reviews. Civil ugbo elu

"Tu-204" bụ a na-ajụ-nso njem ugboelu. Nke a igwe e mepụtara na afọ 80 na Department of Design Tupolev. Site n'enyemaka nke ya creators bu n'obi iji dochie gharazie ịba uru mgbe "Tu-154". E nwere dị iche mgbanwe nke ugbo elu: VIP-version, njem, ibu na pụrụ iche. The ụgbọelu "Tu-204" osobo niile nchekwa ụkpụrụ, umu anwuru na ụzụ, otú a ụdị pụrụ ejikwara n'ụwa nile. More on a mgbe e mesịrị.

imewe

The ụgbọelu "Tu-204" - a cantilever monoplane nkịtị atụmatụ. Ya kpochapụ nku ndị pụtara ala. Ya abụọ turbojet engines n'elu pylons pụrụ iche. Ha ebe na-emi odude n'okpuru nku. Nke a na-enye ihe nlereanya a pụrụ iche style. Ná ngwụsị nke ọ bụla nku ndokwa winglets. Nke a na-enyere aka belata ihe rata ikpuru ma na-amụba inwego. Ọzọkwa, ha na-onwem na abụọ-slotted flaps. Ndị a dị mkpa ọcha. Ọzọkwa, slats na-ebe a. Ha mezie agba Njirimara nke ugbo elu. Ha na-emi odude tinyere nduzi ihu nku. The Chassis nwere atọ ụkwụ na a imi strut. Ọdịdị nke ahụ powerplant agụnye RB211-535E4 ma ọ bụ 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

akụkọ

Mgbe Russian obodo ụgbọelu "Tu-154" ụgbọ elu emegbu maka gara aga 2 afọ, na 1973 na Department of Design Bureau malitere na-arụ ọrụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eji dochie ihe a nlereanya. Ná mmalite, ọ na-chọrọ iji kwalite miri "Tu-154" na ịzụlite a dịgasị iche iche nke configurations, dị iche iche ọhụrụ atụmatụ. Mgbe niile, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mere a nhọrọ na ihu ọma trimotored nlereanya obosara-ahụ, nke ha na-akpọ - ụgbọelu "tu-204".

Ngo mma site Government na 1981. Otú ọ dị, n'oge usoro a, ndị na-emepụta kpebiri ịhapụ ọdụ engine. Mgbe ahụ agụgharị draft. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ loomed ụbọchị ndokwa site ugbo elu.

N'oge mmepe, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eme otutu imewe usoro, eji electronic kọmputa. Iji họrọ ezigbo aerodynamic nhazi na ụfọdụ pụrụ iche ọkpọkọ, ha nwere iji chọpụta ọtụtụ ụdị. Ọzọkwa, iji belata ibu na-amụba ume nke unit rụrụ ngwa nke ọtụtụ ndị mejupụtara ihe. Ha na-ekere òkè arọ nke nlereanya bụ ihe na-erughị 14%.

Mgbe imewe e dechara, ụgbọelu "tu-204" malitere na-emepụta commercially na Ulyanovsk Aviation Industry Mgbagwoju aha mgbe Ustinov D. F. Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ eziokwu. A mbụ ụgbọelu "Tu-204", reviews nke nke di mma, wuru na Moscow na obodo na ahụmahụ ịrịba mmepụta ASTC. A. N. Tupoleva na UAPK.

ule

Nke a usoro aka 2 prototype. Special usoro na osisi nlereanya na-eme mgbe ọtụtụ ila.

Ná mmalite nke January 1989, e nwere onye mbụ ụgbọ elu nke kwuru na ugbo elu. The ụgbọelu "Tu-204" were si airfield "Ramenskoye". Dabere na-arụpụta nke ule e mere ke imewe nke ụfọdụ ndozi. Na ya mma mmepụta technology. Na nke a, uche ugwo iji hụ na ọrụ ọhụrụ digital usoro. Akpachapụ na mpaghara ebe a emewo ka a mma N'ihi. Ọkachamara e mepụtara 23 nhọrọ osisi akpaka akara usoro eji akwọ ụgbọala. Onye ọ bụla a nwaleworo maka pụrụ ịdabere na ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu ule. Ihe a niile na a ogologo oge. Ke adianade do, n'oge ahụ malitere akụ na ụba isi ike na steeti. Nke a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ego maka ihe omume e belata. N'ihi ya, okwu ndị na-ụba na-enweta ndị dị mkpa akwụkwọ na ule.

Na 90 mmefu ego ego nke oru ngo-a kpam kpam kwụsịrị. Nke a mere ka a kwụsị nke asambodo ule, na ugbo elu "Tu-204", nke a na ọ ka dị mkpa na-ata mmezi ọmụmụ, na-atụ anya na nku.

Dị ka ekwuola, n'ihi na eziokwu na 90s ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na mba njọ n'ike n'ike, mmefu ego ụgbọ elu ule fọrọ nke nta sụrụ. Iji mezue n'elu-arụ ọrụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere na-pụrụ iche nzọụkwụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ha kweere na-ebu ibu maka remuneration. N'otu ule e rụrụ ke ukem ka azụmahịa flights. Nke a kwere ka anyị na-arụ ọrụ iji wuchaa ngo ego. Mgbe mgbalị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe ike inweta ihe ndị dị mkpa akwụkwọ na 1994.

nrigbu

Ná ngwụsị nke February 1996 e rụrụ mbụ ụgbọ elu nke a ọhụrụ azụmahịa na ndabere nke si ugbo elu. The ụgbọelu "Tu-204" na-efe efe "Vnukovo Airlines" si isi obodo na Mineralnye Vody.

Ọ na-e chere na "Tu-204" ga-anọchi "Tu-154". Otú ọ dị, na mberede dobe na ego na ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ emewo ka na-enwe nsogbu ndị finalization nke ugbo elu, na ya belatara ọnụego nke mmepụta. N'ihi - a ole na ole nke ụdị nke ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ, na elu na-eri nke akụkụ ahụ mapụtara na mmezi, Ugboro Downtime. All a mere ka a dobe na competitiveness nke kwuru na ugbo elu, karịsịa tụnyere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Airbus-320 na Boeing-737, bụ ọzọ echekwa iji rụọ ọrụ ma dị ọnụ ala.

Na 2000s, mepụtara dịghị ihe na-erughị 10 ụdị onye ọ bụla n'afọ. Dị ka a na-achị, ndị ahịa ha bụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị.

Site oge amalitela uka mmepụta, ya bụ na 1990, anyị hụrụ ìhè 75 ugbo elu "Tu-204" dị iche iche ọdịiche. Na February 2013 ifịk ifịk ejikwara a ngụkọta nke 50 ikuku nkeji nke ezinụlọ a.

atụmanya

Ná mmalite, na nke a, na ugbo elu "Tu-204" bụ nnọọ keihuojoo. Dị ka mbido plan nke ndị na-emepụta, ọ mere ka oke, na ọ bụ maka ya mmepụta wuru a ohuru osisi dị na Ulyanovsk. Otú ọ dị, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, mgbe ida nke USSR na-egbo mkpa nke ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ malitere itinyekwu a otutu obere ego. The ahịa aku dochie eme. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, "Tu-204" ụgbọ elu gbanwere eji n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ emeputa nke igwe. Ke adianade do, a nlereanya na ọtụtụ n'ihe ochie karịrị oge. Otu n'ime ihe ndị mere na ọ kwụsịrị na-eji, bụ na-arụ ọrụ nke "Tu-204" mejupụtara mmadụ 3, mgbe ọtụtụ oge a aircrafts mkpa naanị 2. Nke a gụnyere ọnụnọ nke ọzọ na-akwụ ụgwọ maka mmezi nke ụgbọelu.

Onye na-arụpụta ihe 10 nke ndị a na ụdị a afọ. N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka a na-achị, ha na-ewu ewu na Arctic, "Russian" na Air Force. N'ihi na eziokwu na Ulyanovsk na Kazan ugbo elu ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-apụghị uka-emepụta ihe, a pụrụ iche, ụgbọelu "Tu-204" enweghị a nnukwu ina na ọtụtụ ndị na ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, ndị ọhụrụ nlereanya nke "MS-21" na ọnọdụ mpi na ndị mba ọzọ na arịa "737". Dị ka na-adịbeghị anya ozi, isi na-ebu, dị ka Red Nku na "Transaero" a na-kọrọ na ha nwere mmasị ịzụrụ ikuku nkeji nke ahụ kwuru kpọmkwem ụdị. Nke a na-egosi na kama na-ewu ewu bụ ụgbọelu "Tu-204", ọkachamara reviews nke na-egosi na ọ bụ kwa n'oge na-ọkwá ya aka n'oge gara aga ogbo aviakonstruktorskogo ikpe. KLA na Ministry of Industry itinye ego bukwanu echekwara na ndị a oru, nke adị naanị na akwụkwọ. Ndị a na-agụnye "MS-21", na ndokwa maka ntọhapụ na akara naanị na 2020.

Description nke teknuzu e ji mara nke ugbo elu "Tu-204"

Na nke a, tụlee ihe ndị a:

• Na ndi oru ugbo - 3 ndị mmadụ.
• Abụọ turbofan engine - "PS-90A".
• Swipe / nku ebe 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• The size nke ogologo / elu nke ugbo elu - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• Ibu takeoff (max) / efu - 94 600 kg / 58 300 n'arọ.
• Payload - 21000 n'arọ.
• Cruising-agba bụ 830 km / h.
• N'uko bara - 12 100 m.
• Oke kachasị nke 2900 km.
• Ọnụnọ nke setịpụ 16.140 n'arọ.
• Arọ: kacha na-ahụ-anya / ọdịda - 94,6 t / 47 m; ịme ngosi uwe Ewepụ Ihe Mgbochi 58,3 m.
• Commercial ime ibu - 21 tọn.
• Flight mbio ruo 3700 km.

mgbanwe

Ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche nke a ikuku unit. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a founders na-arụ ọrụ ọma iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ N'ihi. Ọzọ, lee ha anya a obere ihe.

"Tu-204"

Ka ugbua kwuru n'elu, takeoff ibu nke isi ikpe bụ 94.6 m. The oge mbụ a ụgbọelu "tu-204" onye foto nyere n'isiokwu a, bilie 17 August 1990 (ndokwa flights) na ikuku. Ke adianade do, ibu e mepụtara version nke nlereanya. Scheme ụgbọelu "tu-204" bụ kacha kọwakwuru emepụta. Payload nke a Usoro adịghị gafere tọn 30.

"Tu-204-100"

Nke a n'onwe nwere engines "PS-90A" na Russian avionics. Ya irè bụ nnọọ elu. Nke a bụ eziokwu dị ịrịba ama. ụlọ "Tu-204-100" nwere ike ịnabata 210 njem. The asambodo nke ugbo elu mere na oyi 1995.

"Tu-204-200"

Nlereanya a bụ a mgbanwe "nke tu-204-100". Onwem na a ụgbọelu site ọzọ tankị maka mmanụ ụgbọala, nke dị mkpa maka ukwuu nso. Ọzọkwa, ndị ọkà Ulyanovsk osisi "Aviastar" wuru naanị otu unit na kwuru board nọmba RA-64036. Ugbu a nlereanya na-emepụta na Kazan.

"Tu-204-120"

"Tu-204-120" na "Tu-204-220" bụ karị mgbanwe "Tu-204-100" na "Tu-204-200". Ha na-n'ụzọ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ avionics na engines RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - British-mere-apụta-Royce. Nke a ọhụrụ e mere iji mụbaa n'ji Njirimara nke ihe nlereanya, nke mbụ ama na August 1992. Esenidụt butekwara irenti ụgbọelu na Egypt Cairo Aviaton mere na a ugbo elu kemgbe 1998. Mgbe ahụ, ndị a Tupolev ugbo elu, nke nwere a foto na ederede, nye China. Kokpiiti nke nlereanya a na-mere na English version. Nke a mmemmem nnyefe mba ndị ọzọ. Sị na ikuku unit maka oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ụgbọ elu e gbaara dị na ụfọdụ European ụkpụrụ.

"Tu-204-300"

Nlereanya a (na mbụ - "Tu-234") na-shortened 6 mita tụnyere bụ isi definition nke fuselage. Nke a ugbo elu nwere ike ịnabata ihe karịrị 162 njem, ma na mbụ na-atụ anya, biri n'ime 142 oche ke ụgbọelu "tu-204-300" na-ekewa dị ka ndị a: 8 azụmahịa na klas na 134 - aku na uba. Nke a mmeghe bụ mkpa. Nke a underlines pụrụ iche style a mgbanwe, "Tu-204". Ebe kasị mma, n'ezie, ga-azụ ahịa na klas. Nke a unit e mere na atọ ọdịiche. Ha elu nso 9250, 7500 na 3400 km. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, "Tu-204-300" ghọtara dị ka ndị mbụ ụgbọelu abụọ engines, nke nwere ike ime ka ụgbọ elu si isi obodo nke Russia na Vladivostok na-enweghị nkwụsị. Ịgba na-ahụ-anya arọ nke ugbo elu bụ 107.5 ise na ngwá ọrụ nke nlereanya a na-:. Domestic avionics "KSPNO-204 'na abụọ Motors" PS-90A ". N'ihi na oge mbụ, "Tu-204-300" ama n'ime ikuku na August nke 2003, mgbe nke ya e rụrụ a ngosipụta na aerospace show "MAKS-2003". Gbaara ya bụ 14.05.2005, ndị nketa nke ya Oghere Usoro mmepụta e guzobere na Ulyanovsk factory "Aviastar".

"Tu-204-300A"

Ndị a ndi nkiti na ugbo elu na-eji maka ndutịm njem a anya adịghị nnọọ 9600 km. Ihe nlereanya accommodates naanị 26 njem. Refueling - 42 tọn.

"Tu-206"

The ugbo elu ka na-emepe emepe ọkachamara. Ọ bụ na-akpali na na kwuru ngwa na-eji dị ka a mmanụ ụgbọala gasị eke gas. Ndị a aircrafts malitere na-emepụta na ndabere nke ihe dị otú ahụ ugbo elu dị ka "Tu-204-100". Otu nsogbu bụ isi na nke a bụ a pụrụ isi chọta nke containers nke gas na-achọ bukwanu olu.

"Tu-214"

Nlereanya a bụ a mgbanwe nke "tu-204". Oke-ahụ-anya arọ nke a unit e mụbara 110,75 tọn, na payload size -. Iji 25,2 tọn ibu ugbo elu mgbanwe e gbaara dị na Russian ụkpụrụ "AP-25", nke na-kwekọrọ na Western nnọọ-25 na ite -252. Serial mmepụta a guzobere na Kazan aviaobedinenii ha. S. P. Gorbunova. Akpa oyi nlereanya a mere na 1989. Ha malitere enuba ndị a ụgbọ elu na Soviet Union obodo ụgbọelu na 1997 naanị ya. Nke ahụ bụ, mgbe ida nke Soviet Union. Na April 2010, ugbo elu malitere ịmị nanị spetskomplektatsii. Ma ike ya na azụmahịa version kwụsịrị, n'ihi na ọ bụghị uru. Ọ bụ ezie na nnweta nke mmasị na a kpọmkwem nchịkọta isi na-ebu - "Transaero".

"Tu-204SM"

Nke a bụ a miri enwekwukwa ụgbọelu "Tu-204". Tụnyere "tu-204-100" ya takeoff kacha ibu na-ukwuu ụba. Ọzọkwa na ihe nlereanya a na-kwalite avionics. N'ihi nke a, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke chekwara ndị ọrụ a na-ebelata ka mmadụ abụọ, na-ebelata oche ụgbọelu "tu-204" ma na-ahapụ ụgbọ mmiri na-enweghị na-osisi engineer. Nke a na-eme dị na mba na-eme ụdị nke a na klas.

Ke adianade do, ugbo elu "Tu-204SM" agbanweela mgbanwe ụfọdụ.

1. Modernization nke turbofan "PS-90A2." Nke a na-esonyere a ọnụ na-eri nke ndụ okirikiri ma na-amụba overhaul na e kenyere akụ nkeji na isi ọcha (ọkụ n'akụkụ - 10000 cycles na oyi - ruo 20,000).
2. Emelitere APU "TA-18-200". Na nke a, ọ na-ụba elu amalite na-agba ọsọ. Ọ na-e ẹkenam ọhụrụ ngwá, nke rụrụ ndị dị mkpa ọrụ kwekọrọ na ụfọdụ gaje na ugbu a chọrọ nke ICAO na European akara.
3. Kwalite Chassis. The imewe echiche na-sonye na akaụntụ niile akụkụ na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị akụ airframe.
4. ụlọ a mma.
5. Belata arụ ọrụ 2 ụgbọelu.
6. Ọ e mepụtara na-echere echichi management usoro obschesamoletnymi nkeji (EMS). Ọzọkwa, mma mmezi na nchọpụta nsogbu.
7. Modernized usoro: Energy nchekwa, haịdrọlik, mmanụ a na ntụ oyi.

Ná ngwụsị nke December 2010 dara n'ala na ụgbọ elu ule "tu-204SM." Ọ rụrụ a ọma kwesịrị ule pilot Viktor Minashkin. Usoro a wee were were. Otú ọ dị, ihe niile ule kpọmkwem emelitere ụgbọelu e rụrụ na a nta egbu oge. Na a pịa ogbako izugbe director nke ụgbọelu osisi Sergey Dementiev gwara-ege ntị na-ele ule ọsọ nke a nlereanya e ndokwa maka December 17, 2010. Otú ọ dị, o mesiri ike na-arụ ọrụ na nzukọ nke ugbo elu nke ụdị kwesịrị oge.

"Aviastar-SP", ụlọ ọrụ nwere ruo mgbe 2016 atụmatụ na-emepụta 44 ugbo elu "Tu-204SM" arịa na-zubere maka Red Nku Airlines nnukwu enterprise. Dị ka mbido ọmụma, ego nke a na oru ngo a na-ekenyela dịkarịa ala $ 1.8 ijeri.

Ke ufọt ufọt January 2012 na ama Ulyanovsk ugbo elu ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ n'okpuru aha "Aviastar-SP" mere site Deputy Prime Minister nke Russia. Dị ka Dmitry Rogozin, na asambodo nke a ọhụrụ ugbo elu "Tu-204SM" njem ụdị ga-agwụ na June, na etiti nke afọ anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere ya Oghere Usoro mmepụta.

N'ihi

Mgbe agụ n'elu, otu onye nwere ike kpọmkwem nwere otu echiche nke ihe a ụgbọelu a kọwara, na ụfọdụ n'ime ya ọdịiche adị. N'ozuzu Tupolev ụgbọ elu n'ụzọ zuru ezu izute ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ. Ugbu a, ndị ikuku nkeji nke ezinụlọ na-enwe bukwanu ina. Nka na ụzụ na arụmọrụ e ji mara nke ngwaọrụ nke ụdị bụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị larịị. Otú ọ dị, Mmepe adịghị akwụsị na-adịrị mma ụdị ụgbọelu.