TNT - ihe bụ nke a? Mejupụtara na ike umi

Taa, ọrụ umu mmadu ọtụtụ dị iche iche na-agbawa agbawa. Otu n'ime ha a pụrụ iche n'ebe a na-ji site TNT. Nke a chemical compound bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na ebe ndị nke na-achọ disassembly nke metal, ihe ma ọ bụ brick chepụtara. Nke a na-ewere isi mgbawa na ngwá ọrụ nke mgbọ maka agha.

Mgbe TNT natara?

Formula trinitrotoluene (C ₆ H ₂ (NO _{2) 3} Kra ₃₎ e nwetara na 1963 afọ. The nchoputa nke a na-agbawa agbawa na-ewere a German mmiri ọgwụ Julius Wilbrand. Ebe ọ bụ na 1891, ndị na ulo oru na mmepụta nke TNT e guzobere. Na 1902, ndị German na American agha na ngwá ọrụ nke mgbọ dochie picric acid, TNT. Russia Okhta osisi iji German technology na 1909 ma malite azụmahịa mmepụta nke explosives. Development nke Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ aghọwo kwalitere uka mmepụta nke TNT.

aha

TNT - a elu mgbawa (o), nke a na-akpọ:

• trinitrotoluene;
• tolite;
• Trinity;
• nitrotolom.

Mgbawa ngwakọta abbreviated:

• TNT;
• TNT;
• T.

Gịnị na-eme?

TNT - a ngwaahịa guzobere n'ihi nke chemical mmekọrịta nke nitric na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na toluene. Na nkịtị ala bụ a siri ike TNT odo crystalline umi, nke bụ ike-agbazekwa na +81 Celsius C, na na +310 ° C edita. TNT bụghị nnọọ mwute ka n'ibu nchegbu. Etisasịwo trinitrotoluene iji pyridine, acetone na chloroform.

TNT nwere niile Njirimara nke ude. Ji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ dị ka ihe mgbochi-fungal n'ụlọnga. N'ihi ya, ndị dị elu toxicity nke TNT dochie ndị ọzọ dị irè karị ọgwụ ngwaahịa.

na-ekwu,

TNT - bụ mgbawa nke nwere ike ịbụ na anọ kwuru, sị:

• Flake.
• Ntụ ntụ. Ji a elu uche mpụga mmetụta, karịsịa ahụ ọkụ.
• Enwe ma ọ bụ nkedo. Ike nke na-ere ọkụ odo ọkụ. Enweghị a ọkọlọtọ fuuz ma ọ bụ detonator Capsule explodes. Ọ ji elu uche na detonation.
• -Agbaze. Dị ka flake, n'ihi na nke a na steeti nke TNT pụta ụwa ala uche na detonation. Iji Ibu Ibu gwakọtara trinitrotoluene, nwere ga-abụ n'etiti detonators. N'ihi nke a, ezigbo maka enwe TNT.

Dị ka ngwaahịa na-mere?

Flake udi bụ ahụkarị a ọhụrụ arụpụtara explosives.

TNT n'ichepụta usoro na-ewe ebe abụọ nkebi:

• toluene nhazi. Mgbe nitration mmeghachi omume nke nitric acid, na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na toluene ii nta ahụ n'ụdị acha odo flakes, nke bụ mgbe ahụ isiokwu dị iche iche n'ibu mmetụta. Na usoro a, na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na-eji dị ka a dehydrating n'ụlọnga.
• Nitration na oleum, omume nke abatakwa mono- na dinitrotoluene. Na nke abụọ ogbo nke dehydrating gị n'ụlọnga eme oleum. Ngafe asịd na-eji na mbụ ogbo nke imewe nke TNT.

The nhazi nke flaked TNT ala n'ime agbaze ma ọ bụ sụkọtara ntụ ntụ.

nkọwa

• TNT e ji ala uche mpụga n'ibu nchegbu: metụtara, gbara bullet ole na ole, esemokwu.
• Na impervious ka chemical mmetụta.
• Kilogram TNT ike igbunye 1010 kcal ike.
• Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere a ọkọlọtọ ọgbụgba ọkụ okpu TNT emegharị na a ọsọ nke 6900 mita kwa nke abụọ.
• Trinitrotoluene anaghị eme na osisi, plastik, ihe, brick.
• Unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri.
• Mgbe ogologo oge kpo oku, wetting na mmiri na-agbaze TNT ike ịnọgide na-enwe ha na-agbawa agbawa Njirimara.
• Ọ na-daa mbà n'obi n'ihi n'ebe ìhè anyanwụ.
• Ike ọkụ dị ka a n'ihi nke ikpughe na oghe ire ọkụ. N'ihi ya TNT ìhè na acha ire ọkụ soot emission.
• TNT nwere ike ịnọgide na-operable ọnọdụ ọbụna mgbe ogologo oge nchekwa. Ọnọdụ dịgasị iche iche nke (mmiri, n'ụwa ma ọ bụ munition ahu) adịghị emetụta Njirimara nke mgbawa TNT.

Nke BB nwere ike banye njikọ?

TNT nwere ike n'ọrụ na ọcha n'ụdị ma ọ bụ weere na ndị ọzọ na-agbawa agbawa. N'etiti ha, ndị kasị bụ:

• RDX;
• tetryl;
• PETN;
• amiachno-Saltpeter explosives.

Na mgbakwunye na nke TNT ka hexogen, tetrilu TENu na gụnyere a ẹsụhọde nke ha na-agbawa agbawa Njirimara. Mgbe mgbakwunye na nke TNT na amiachno Saltpeter-BB a hụrụ dịkwuo ha chemical-eguzogide ma na ibelata hygroscopicity.

Ngwa nke ulo oru na-agbawa agbawa

Awa nkume na mines bụ isi ebe explosives were. Tumadi maka ọnọdụ ndị a na-agbawa agbawa arụpụtara na ntụpọ. The mejupụtara nke TNT, kwadebere maka Ngwuputa arụmọrụ, na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ components:

• granulated ammonium nitrate;
• dizel mmanụ: 3%;
• carbon powder: 5%.

A mkpa bụ ọnụnọ nke TNT flake (8%). Nke a atọ-akụkụ TNT ana achi achi elu arụmọrụ nke ọgbụgba ọkụ. The ojiji nke explosives adịghị emerụ ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Olee-ewe ezigbo?

TNT mgbe detonation doo a ohere na-adị ndụ naanị ndị bụ ndị dị anya n'ebe ebe oria a kachaa. Mgbe triggered trinitrotoluene e ji mara nhọrọ nnukwu ego nke ike, nke na-amalite n'ime isi pụtara ìhè na-akpata BB - ujo ife. N'oge eyi ọha egwu, ma ya ize ndụ na-ejuputa ihe mgbawa ngwaọrụ. Pụtara ìhè ọcha n'ihi nzube a bụ mbọ, mkpụrụ, bolts na iberibe rebar.

Iji chọpụta ike nke gbawara eji a TNT Ẹkot: na ike na mgbawa nke na-agbawa agbawa hà ya uka. Gbawara kilogram nke TNT arụpụta ezu ike igbu onye si ebe oria a kachaa nsannsan atọ mita. Na gbawara tọhapụrụ 4,19h106 George. The nche, ọ pụrụ ịbụ na a anya nke 15 mita. A ton nke TNT tọhapụrụ 4,19h109 J. Energy.

Ebe umi na-eji taa?

Ke adianade na Ngwuputa, TNT hụrụ ya ngwa agha. Dị ka na-agbawa agbawa na Russian Federation ogba agha na-kwajuru na shells, Tammy, ngwa agha shells, bombs, mines na bombs engineering. N'ihi na ngwá ọrụ ha na-eji TNT. N'ihe banyere ngwá agha nuklia mgbawa nọ kilogram na tọn. N'ihi na ngwá eji mgbọ njikere nhọrọ:

• gbakọọ maka n'aka grenade si 75 400 grams nke TNT;
• inye mgbochi tank grenade na ọkara kilogram;
• nditịm m bụ si 4 7 n'arọ IV;
• a bọmbụ nwere 5 tọn TNT;
• naval m - site 50 ruo 300 n'arọ.

TNT ebubo na-adịkwu site metal shavings si RDX ma ọ bụ RDX na aluminum.

Olee otú na-echekwa?

TNT na-nọ na-enwe ala na pụrụ iche cylindrical ma ọ bụ akụkụ anọ checkers. TNT na-nyere n'èzí ruo paraffin wrapping akwụkwọ pụrụ iche gwunyere ọgbụgba ọkụ ndu.

Taa, na mgbakwunye na TNT, mgbawa ebubo ike a ọzọ dị ike na-agbawa agbawa. N'agbanyeghị nke a, TNT ka na ina ke Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ na ndị agha.