Types of epupụta nke osisi na ha ọrụ (foto)

N'agbanyeghị otú ọtụtụ osisi na mbara ala anyị, na dị iche iche nke okpueze na akwụkwọ onwe ya, ihe niile ha na-eche banyere otu ihe - Ụwa ikuku ọcha carbon dioxide, nke bụ ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị nọmba nke na-achụpụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụmụ mmadụ, na ụmụ anụmanụ, a dị iche iche na Usoro. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na izi akwụkwọ na kpomkwem a na ngalaba nke Botany - "Bụla nke epupụta." Ọdịdị nke osisi ma ọ bụ shrub nwoke nwere ike ịgbanwe, na-enye ihe ọ bụla, ọbụna aru udi. Ma ọtụtụ puku ụdị osisi na osisi epupụta-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe.

"Isi" nke mpempe akwụkwọ

Doo - ọ bụ ihe akụkụ nke azuokokoosisi usoro nke osisi ọ bụla, shrub ma ọ bụ osisi. Mejupụtara mpempe akwụkwọ ibe nwere aha: efere, petioles, stipules.

Efere - nke a bụ nnukwu akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ewepụghị anya na nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke iche-iche, nke na anyị ga-ekpuchi mgbe e mesịrị.

Petiole - na, nanị tinye, stalk site nke a mpempe akwụkwọ efere bụ mmasị na a alaka. Na ụfọdụ osisi, petiole bụ nnọọ obere ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị existent.

Stipules - a na-akpọ akwụkwọ ejiji na ndị na ya isi. Nke a na akụkụ nke akwukwo, mmadụ ole na ole hụrụ na mara. The eziokwu na ọtụtụ osisi stipules ada oyi tupu mpempe akwụkwọ a n'ụzọ zuru ezu ime. The naanị wezụga ụfọdụ umu, dị ka Akeshịa.

The botanical nhazi ọkwa nke iche iche na ụdị nke epupụta. Photos ọkọnọ n'okpuru.

The kasị - na nkịtị epupụta (ma ọ bụ mfe). Ndị a bụ ndị dị iche iche nke epupụta na-ekewet nke a otu akwukwo. O nwere ike ịbụ a obere ewepụghị, mechie, na dissected, vasatail, dị ka oak ma ọ bụ nduku. Simple epupụta na-ekewa atọ subspecies: dum, lobed na dissected.

Osisi na-enwe otu mpempe akwụkwọ

Ekwu okwu nke ụdị osisi uru banyere isi birch. Ọ bụghị n'ihi na ihe ọ bụla bụ osisi a na-a nnọchianya nke mba anyị. Birch nile ofụri Ugwu Ụwa, ma na nnukwu kasịnụ nke ndị a osisi na-emi odude na ókèala nke Russia. birch akwukwo - mfe, siri ike, ubé curved udi na a serrated nsọtụ. Efere edo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na agba, streaks - na ụda. N'oge mgbụsị, dị ka a maara, birch epupụta na-aghọ odo.

Otu echiche na-emetụta nke akwụkwọ na ndị ọzọ na-ahụkarị na Russia osisi - apụl. a mkpụrụ osisi akwukwo ibu, ma nwere otu e ji mara: ọ na-siri ike, ubé serrated na n'ọnụ, ezigbo agba.

Aspen, lilac, poplar, elm, na osisi ndị ọzọ nwere kpọmkwem otu ụdị mpempe akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, naanị a botanical ele ihe anya na ha bụ ndị yiri ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ, mpụga iche, n'ezie, dị.

The abụọ subtype - lobed. Ọ bụ pụta ụwa nke a na ụdị doo ụfọdụ maple osisi. A bi atụ - akwukwo e sere na Canadian ọkọlọtọ. The epupụta na-ezo dị ka a naa, ọ bụrụ na "notch" na ha n'ọnụ na-gafere otu anọ nke ngụkọta nke ebe.

Ọ bụ a dị mfe agụba mpempe akwụkwọ. Ọ bụrụ na kpọrọ nwere mmasị na isiokwu nke "Types of maple epupụta", ọmụmụ nwere ike na-ewe ọtụtụ afọ. Osisi ndị a na ihe karịrị 50 umu, ọ bụla nke bụ ọwọrọiso bụghị nanị ebe, ma, lee: si elu, ụdị alaka ogwe na-agwụcha na a echiche nke epupụta. Anyị ga-ebi na nke a.

The atọ subspecies mfe epupụta - na dissected epupụta. N'ihi na nke a ụdị ndị epupụta na bee ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mpempe akwụkwọ. Ka ihe atụ, dị ka a Dandelion, tansy. Ukwuu n'ime, nke a na ụdị pụtara na lekastvennyh osisi na okooko osisi.

Doo na a mgbagwoju Ọdịdị

Iche iche nke osisi na osisi doo etolite a abụọ nnukwu ìgwè - mgbagwoju. Mgbagwoju na-akpọ ha n'ihi na ha nwere a ole na ole ndia. Ha na-ekewa n'ime Ternate, palchatoslozhnye na pinnate.

osisi ndị nnọchiteanya na Ternate epupụta - ubi strawberry, na anụ strawberry, klova. Ha distinguishing mma - atọ epupụta na otu petiole. Ikwere nke klova na anọ epupụta na-agafere site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ. Chọta a osisi bụ ekwe omume.

Site palchatoslozhnym gụnyere ịnyịnya chestnut epupụta, n'ogige lupine.

Site pinnate - utu epupụta, ugwu ash, peas. Ha na-nwere onwe ha subspecies: ka paripinnate bụ ndị ebe na njedebe nke azuokokoosisi nke abụọ epupụta, dị ka agwa, na iberibe pinnate - Rose, ọ dechara otu stalk.

Ụdị osisi epupụta (efere udi)

More epupụta na-nkewa site ụdị na lamina:

1. mechie.

Ndị a gụnyere ndị a kụrụ n'ubi, dị ka violet na ubi nasturtium, Aspen.

2. oval.

akwukwo ụdị pụtara na elm, hazel.

3. The lancing.

Ebukarịghị na Tree na shrub willow ezinụlọ, nakwa site a ohia akpọ Loch silver.

4. Egg ekara.

Nke a aha epupụta ndị niile mara plantain

5. Linear.

Dị otú ahụ mpempe akwụkwọ ụdị kasị pụta ìhè na ọka, dị ka rye.

Ụdị isi mpempe akwụkwọ - a iche iche atụmatụ maka nhazi ọkwa. Dabere na nke a oke. epupụta bụ:

• obi ekara (dị ka lilac);
• nkpirikpi (sọrel);
• arrowhead (arrowhead).

Etolite n'elu mpempe akwụkwọ bụ masịrị, mụwo, mechie, bilobate.

A iche iche na isiokwu - venation

Ugbu a, tụlee mmetụta aha mpempe akwụkwọ nke ya veining.

N'ihi dicots ji reticulate venation. Ọ bụ nke abụọ iche iche: palmate (mgbe niile veins pụta dị ka a ùkwù otu isi) na Cirrus (mgbe na isi veins alaka anya n'ime nta).

Na monocots -emekarị ukem ma ọ bụ arcuate venation. Parallel - na thinner epupụta (epupụta nke wheat, ahịhịa amị), aak - na sara mbara epupụta (lily nke ndagwurugwu).

A ole na ole na-akpali banyere epupụta

• Obi doo - na fern akpọ maidenhair-tonkolistnik. Ha thinner na ọdịdị nanị na-enweghị.
• The sharpest epupụta - ahihia putang. Obodo ndị mmadụ kwuru na nke a ahịhịa a nkọ mma.
• More karịa 45 nde peeji nke - na fir.
• Karịrị abụọ Ibé akwụkwọ mgbe na-etolite na Welwitschia.
• Mmiri lily "Victoria" nwere epupụta na a dayameta nke karịa abụọ mita.
• raffia palm akwukwo ogologo - 20 mita.
• Ọ bụghị ihe niile osisi ẹduọk ha epupụta na oyi. E nwere ndị na-akpọ Evergreen.

Na ụdị na-agba nke epupụta

Oddly, ma coloration nke mpempe akwụkwọ na-anaghị anyaụfụ ọ bụla nke ya ụdị, ma ọ bụ na ọnọdụ. Dị nnọọ akụ na ọ bụ pụta ụwa a sere, na nke ahụ bụ niile.

Gịnị ka agba nke mpempe akwụkwọ na-emi esịnede? N'oge okpomọkụ, fọrọ nke nta niile osisi na-ese na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na agba n'ihi ọnụnọ na ha anụ ahụ pụrụ iche ink - chlorophyll. Nke a na umi-enyere osisi ịnọgide na-enwe ha zhiznedeyaelnost, na-enyemaka nke osisi na-eme ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị na-elekwasị anya: n'ehihie synthesizes glucose si carbon dioxide. N'aka nke ya, glucose na-aghọ-ewu ihe niile mkpa nri.

Gịnị mere epupụta atụgharị odo?

Ọzọkwa chlorophyll osisi doo nwere ndị ọzọ agba? Mmadụ dị ka xanthophylls, carotene, anthocyanins. N'oge okpomọkụ, ha mmetụta na agba? Bụ nnọọ ntakiri, ebe ịta nke chlorophyll na osisi anụ ahụ n'elu otu puku ugboro. Ma, ya na mmalite nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ niile Filiks nke ndụ na-amalite ịjụ oyi, ego nke chlorophyll amalite ibelata. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ìhè nke holorofill bibie ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ bụ anwụ na-acha na-ekpo ọkụ, epupụta ga-atụgharị odo na dapụ.