Ubi nke ngwa, na Njirimara nke Tungsten usoro

Gịnị bụ tungsten? Isi Njirimara nke mmewere dabeere na peculiarities nke ya chemical Ọdịdị. Nyere ina tungsten, ị ga-juputara ịghọta ya Ọdịdị.

The itie ke oge Isiokwu

Ịtụle ihe ndị bụ isi Njirimara nke tungsten, na-amalite na eziokwu na o nwere 74th nọmba. N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ, ọ na-anọchi anya a mgbanwe metal enwe a-acha anụnụ anụnụ-silver agba. Tungsten siri ike, nwere a dara luster. Nke a bụ ihe kasị refractory mmewere bụ ukwuu karịa agbaze ebe nwere naanị carbon. ² 5p ⁶ 5d ⁴ 6s ² , E _ион (Ме => Ме ⁺ + e) = 7,98 э В. Kọmputa usoro: KLMN5s ² 5p ^{4 6} 5d 6s ^2, E _ion (Me => Me ^{+ +} e) = 7,98 e V.

Provenance

Ya pụrụ iche aha a metal na-agbụ na ịnweta wolframite. "Wolf ụfụfụ" a mara ebe narị afọ nke 16. Nke a pụrụ iche aha na-kọwara site ọnụnọ nke minerals na ya tin ores. Tungsten gbochiri smelt tin, ikowa ya n'ime ụfụfụ si slags. Gịnị bụ nkịtị Njirimara nke tungsten bu ndabere nke ya obosara eji na-ụlọ ọrụ? Na United States a metal a na-akpọ "oké nkume".

Ke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18 Swede Scheele na nitric acid emeso ịnweta scheelite o nwetara, na-anata tungsten trioxide. A obere ka e mesịrị, ụmụnna jisiri Eliyar tungsten oxide si wolframite Saxon. Ọ bụ ndị a chemists, ụfọdụ na-mata chemical Njirimara nke tungsten.

N'ịbụ agwa

Ọ bụ n'ebe ihe ọ bụla na ọdịdị nke dị ọcha tungsten? Chemical Njirimara nke metal na-atụ aro ya edidu ke jikọrọ ọnụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ n'ụdị ogige. Dị ka ihe atụ, a ngwakọta nke oxides nke manganese, ígwè, tungsten. Maka ulo oru ngwa onyinye họrọ ferberite na Gyubnera. Ha nọ na mgbakwunye tungsten, ígwè na manganese. Physical Njirimara nke tungsten metal na-ekwe ka igbunye nke tungsten mineral. Na ha, ịta adịghị gafere abụọ percent. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ibu ego na nke tungsten, anyị mara China, na US, Kazakhstan. Ke adianade do, kwuru na ọkpụrụkpụ mee nke metal ores na South Korea, Bolivia, Russia, Portugal. Magburu onwe anụ ahụ Njirimara nke tungsten iche ya ọkpụrụkpụ ulo oru mmepụta. The ụwa kwa afọ nke banyere 50 puku tọn refractory mmewere. The isi exporters nke tungsten na-ewere South Korea, China, Austria. N'etiti Importers nke refractory metal n'ọbụ aka na-edu ndú bụ nke United Kingdom, Japan, USA, Germany.

mmepụta Atụmatụ

Nkwadebe nke tungsten a rụrụ site na onye n'etiti nzọụkwụ, negosi nkewa si ore uche tungsten trioxide. Ọzọ, ọ na-eme iji weghachi powdered metal. Ndị dị otú ahụ a nzọụkwụ na-ewe ebe na okpomọkụ nke banyere 700 degrees Celsius. Gịnị bụ nkịtị Njirimara nke tungsten na-na obi ndị a technology? The elu agbaze okpomọkụ na-enye ohere ọ via powder nkà mmụta banyere ígwè doro powder compaction, sintering na a hydrogen ikuku na okpomọkụ nke banyere 1300 degrees Celsius. Ọzọ, mgbe nwetara tungsten eletrik na-ebugharị. Mgbe metal na-ewe iwe ka okpomọkụ nke 3000 degrees hụrụ monolithic ihe onwunwe. Site mpaghara agbaze a rụrụ ụdi ọcha na njikere nke otu-crystal metal.

Njirimara

Gịnị bụ ndị e ji mara nke a tungsten? Chemical Njirimara dabere na ya elu agbaze okpomọkụ. The mmewere nwere a valence nke si 2 to 6. The kasị mụ na a valency nke tungsten bụ isii. Metal ji mma corrosion eguzogide. Ọ na-adịghị oxidize ikuku na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Na tungsten oxide, ọ na-enyo na mgbe okpomọkụ nke na-acha ọcha bends. Na electrochemical usoro nke ọla-emesi ifịk mmewere na-emi odude mgbe hydrogen, n'ihi ya ọ bụghị soluble na itughari hydrofluoric na igirigi ibu sulphuric asịd. Tungsten bụ ike igbari hydrogen peroxide, nakwa dị ka mixtures nke hydrofluoric na nitric asịd.

Na ọnụnọ nke oxidants ifịk metal ike iwe iwe na wụrụ awụ alkalies. First, mmeghachi omume wee kama nwayọọ nwayọọ, ma mgbe na-eru okpomọkụ nke 400 degrees etịbe spontaneously Okpomoku na metal, nke accelerates mmeghachi omume. Tungsten na a ngwakọta nke hydrofluoric acid na nitric acid forms geksaftorvolframovuyu. Karịa ego na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ tungsten trioxide. Na tungstate nwere ikike na ike a polymeric anion. Nke a metal bụ ihe ndabere nke refractory ihe na oge a na ụlọ ọrụ.

Fields nke ngwa

Olee otú m pụrụ iji tungsten carbide? Njirimara nke compound mee ịmata ihe dị iche na ọ dị ọcha tungsten. Plasticity na refractory ọla mere ya ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke filaments na ọtụtụ ọkụ fixtures. Ọzọkwa, tungsten na-eji na picture akpa na agụụ akpa. Ebe ọ bụ na nke a mmewere bụ a elu njupụta, ọ na-a isi n'ihi na mmepụta nke arọ alloys. Ha dị oké mkpa maka ihe e kere eke nke ọtùtù, ihe-agha-Idupu cores, elu-ọsọ gyroscopes rotors maka ballistic agba. The nnukwu mpịakọta nke tungsten na-eji na ihe argon-aak ịgbado ọkụ dị ka ihe electrode. Alloys, nke na ya na mejupụtara nwere tungsten, nwere a elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, acid eguzogide, ha na-eguzogide ọgwụ n'ibu pụta. Ndị dị otú ahụ e ji mara ekwe na-eji ha maka imewe nke ịwa ahụ ngwá, agha tankị, ugbo elu engines, ịnabata containers nke redioaktivu bekee. Na tungsten bụ ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa maka imewe nke elu-edu ígwè akara ule.

Ọ na-eji na elu okpomọkụ agụụ ite-ọku uku ka a kpo oku mmewere. Ke alloy ya na rhenium thermocouples enye ndị dị otú ahụ ite-ọku uku.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ bụ n'ihi na elu njupụta nke tungsten metal adabara elu-echebe site ionizing radieshon. Mụbara ekweghị ekwe na metal refractoriness ike ịrịba isi ike na ya nhazi. Iji dozie nsogbu ẹkenam n'ime nickel, ọla kọpa na ígwè. Tungsten eguzogide mere ka ọ na-ewu ewu na imewe nke ewu ihe na oge a na injinịa.

Ọ dị mkpa ka-egwe ọka, chipping, mbịne, mkpọpu ala. Dị ka ihe atụ, a mmeri na-emi esịnede tungsten carbide. Nke a ngwakọta na-etinyere ka a malite ịgba ji kee n'oghere ihe. tungsten sulfide-eme dị ka a elu-okpomọkụ mmanu. O kwuru na na mmepụta. Part tungsten ogige ji dị ka pigments na akpali. Tee a metal compound na dị ka ihe alloying mmewere ke steels na alloys dabeere na ígwè. Ndu uru nke metal tungsten nwere abụghị.