Ukraine onodu ngwa. State Ọdịdị na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ukraine

Ukraine - a Ọkaakaa ala. Ọ nwere n'ókèala ya, elu na obodo-achị ozu, ọchịchị, uwe nke ogwe aka, ọkọlọtọ na ukwe. State Ukraine ngwaọrụ nwere a branched Ọdịdị na nkewa nke dị iche iche alaka kwekọrọ ekwekọ iwu ndoputa onye kwuo uche na ụkpụrụ.

inweta Ihu Ọma ọbụbụeze

Na July 1990 Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian nzuko omeiwu) nakweere "Declaration na State Ọbụbụeze." Nke a akwụkwọ meghere a ọhụrụ na peeji nke ndị mere nke mba ahụ, nke na-eduga na ụlọ nke a kwuo uche obodo dabeere na iwu.

Dị ka Nkwupụta, ọha mmasị na-ikike iji gosi na Verkhovna Rada. Ọ dịghị ọzọ, òtù ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu (ma e wezụga nke president, na na na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okwu) na-adịghị isiokwu na-eme otú. The akwụkwọ akọwaputa ikike nke oruru nke dị n'ókèala ike, na-anọchi anya na mmekọrịta nke alaka nke ike, dị ka obodo ókè-ala (Ukraine ala na oge asaa mba), ruuru ndị ọzọ okwu.

Site a Omeiwu Republic na a president

Ụzọ nke Ukraine bụ na doo nke Declaration tupu doo nke ala n'usoro ochichi, a na-adịghị na mgbagwoju. Nke a na-adị mfe kọwara oké mgbanwe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba ndụ.

Na July 1996, steeti ike unit gbanwere. The Verkhovna Rada nakweere ọhụrụ oruru nke Ukraine. Dị ka ya, Ukraine bụ ugbu a - a Omeiwu Republic na a president ochichi. The president na-hoputara ise ọ bụla afọ. Ọ - na isi nke ala, na nke a nwere ike ọ bụghị na-eje ozi n'ihi na ihe karịrị abụọ okwu.

isi:

• Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (05.12.1991 - 19.07.1994).
• Kuchma Leonid Danilovich (19.07.1994 - 23.01.2005).
• Yuschenko Viktor Andreevich (23.01.2005 - 25.02.2010).
• Yanukovych Viktor Fedorovich (25.02.2010 - 22.02.2014).
• Poroshenko Petr Alekseevich (c 06.07.2014).

njikwa

Ụdị ọchịchị Ukraine soro n'ozuzu nabatara onye kwuo uche na ụkpụrụ. The ozuzu oke nke ọchịchị kewara alaka atọ hà bara uru:

• iwu;
• Executive;
• n'ụlọikpe.

Verkhovna Rada - kasị elu Ukrainian ome iwu. Bụ a unicameral nzuko omeiwu, ebe Ọkà Okwu edu. The ọrụ nke Verkhovna Rada - lawmaking na iji nlezianya na akara nke Government. Election Mbon nzuko omeiwu na-enwe 4 ọ bụla afọ. Ha na-rụrụ site na nzuzo vootu. All ụmụ amaala isua 18 na ndị okenye nwere ikike votu.

Executive Ọdịdị, gawa site na President, osụk site Government n'okpuru Prime Minister na mpaghara ọchịchị. Site Executive ozu gụnyere ministri, nche ụlọ ọrụ, ndị agha na ndị ọzọ ọrụ.

Oruru nke Ukraine - na isi iwu nke mba ahụ. Ọ na-emesi ụfọdụ ikike na ohere nke Ukrainian ụmụ amaala na-ekpebi ọrụ ha. Ọkàikpe nwere ikike nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha mkpebi. Na omume, mba na a Transitional oge ọ bụ ike iche kpam kpam n'ebe onyeisi na omebe iwu alaka. Overriding ikike - na Iwu Court.

Ụdị ọchịchị

Na ụwa e nwere ndị na-esonụ iche nke ọchịchị:

• unitary (otu);
• na a mgbagwoju ụdị ngwaọrụ (federations, confederations).

Unitary - ala na ókèala kewara hà ndutịm nkeji (n'ógbè, anāchi achi, na distrikti, wdg ...), ebutere ka center.

Federation - bụ a mgbagwoju gọọmenti etiti steeti gụnyere ndutịm nkeji (mba, kwurula na mpaghara, na-ekwu, ala, wdg ...), nke nwere a ụfọdụ iwu onwe.

The mgbakwasị nke e guzobere a gọọmenti etiti steeti na igba nke gọọmenti etiti mmekọahụ nwere ike ịbụ na oruru na (ma ọ bụ) gọọmenti etiti agreement. Na ndabere nke kpọmkwem contracts, bilie, ka ihe atụ, Federation of Australia, Switzerland, na United States, USSR, Malaysia, Russia na mba ndị ọzọ. Ha na-na-ezo aka site nkwekorita, na iche na-abụghị contractual, dị ka ihe atụ, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, pụta na ndabere nke Central akụkụ nke ala ma ọ bụ mepere obodo kwụụrụ na ọdịnihu nke Federation.

Confederation - n'otu nke nwa oge: ya ma mgbari ma ọ bụ ghọọ a gọọmenti etiti steeti. Dị ka ihe atụ, e nwere ugbu a Switzerland ka a gọọmenti etiti steeti, mgbe ọ nọgidere na aha "Confederation". Confederation bilie dị iche iche ihe na n'oge dị iche iche na USA, Germany, na Netherlands.

Na Ukraine, e weere (na-ewere), ihe nile ụdị ọchịchị, ndị kasị kwesị ekwesị maka oru oma ochichi. N'oge, eme unitary usoro.

Ukrainian parliamentarism

Onye iberibe nke Ukraine nzuko omeiwu n'elu ya akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị na-ewu ewu Chamber of Kievan rus, na Sejm nke Polish-Lithuanian steeti, Cossack Hetman ụtọ ugboro, na mgbe e mesịrị - kasị elu omebe iwu ahu nke Austria na Hungarian, mgbe ahụ, Russian Alaeze Ukwu, Ukraine SSR nke Soviet Union.

Creation nke Ukraine dị ka a na steeti-agaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị guzobe nke nzuko omeiwu na ihu ọma nke a ziri ezi, n'inyefe ikike management ụlọ ọrụ, onye na ọtụtụ ná mba. The N'ihi ya nke mmalite nke Omeiwu omume na-adịbeghị anya akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ihe e kere eke na-arụ ọrụ na March 1917 - On April 1918 Ukrainian Central Rada - a ụdị mba proto-nzuko omeiwu, nke gafere na evolutionary ụzọ nke ọhaneze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpakọrịta n'ihi na "onyeisi" ikike nke Ukrainian ndị mmadụ.

Ntoputa nke nzuko omeiwu na ya na ọrụ ya bụ a ezi uche nzọụkwụ inokota Ukraine ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ na-eduga mba onwe ya na nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Nke ahụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala nke Ukrainian Central Rada na-aga n'ihu na oge a na ọnọdụ nke Verkhovna Rada nke Ukraine.

Yana nzuko omeiwu, na-anọchi anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke ndị ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na president nke Ukraine.

Ministry

State Ukraine ngwaọrụ administratively nwere a doro anya Ọdịdị. N'oge na ochichi nke isi nke hoputara president ga, ikike site a ọtụtụ n'ime Ntuli ịchị.

Nzọụkwụ n'okpuru odude na ministri maka ihe ndị kasị mkpa na ọnọdụ na-niile na ngalaba nke na-eme: akụ na ụba, na-azara ọnụ, ahụ ike, omenala, na Interior Ministry, mpaghara mmepe, ugbo iwu, gburugburu, ike, ndị mba ọzọ na-eme, ozi, na-eto eto na egwuregwu, akụrụngwa, agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị, ikpe ziri ezi, ego, na-elekọta mmadụ iwu, na cabinet nke Ozi.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ Ministry mma site Minister, na ụfọdụ Central ozu - isi ha. The mejupụtara nke Central ozu ndị Executive mma na alo na Prime Minister nke Ukraine, First Vice Prime Minister, Vice-Prime Minister na dị na nkesa nke ha ọtọ ike.

Isi nke Government aghọ praịm minista nominated site president, ma n'ikpeazụ Rada nnọchiteanya na-ekwu. N'adịghị ka ụfọdụ mara ụlọikwuu (Germany, Japan, Great Britain, Italy na ndị ọzọ), na-Prime Minister nke Ukraine adịghị enweta ozuzu nke mkpebi. Ọ na-akọ na President.

List of Prime Minister na aghọ:

• Witold Fokin (1990-1992);
• Valentin Simonenko (1992);
• Leonid Kuchma (1992-1993);
• Yefim Zviagilskiy (1993-1994);
• Vitaly Masol (1994-1995);
• Evgeniy Marchuk (1995-1996);
• Pavlo Lazarenko (1996-1997);
• Basil Durdinets (1997);
• Valery Pustovojtenko (1997-1999);
• Viktor Yushchenko (1999-2001);
• Anatoly Kinakh (2001-2002);
• Viktor Yanukovych (2004-2005, 2006-2007);
• Nicholas Azarov (2005, 2010-2014);
• Yulia Tymoshenko (2005, 2007-2010);
• Yuriy Yekhanurov (2005-2006);
• Sergey Arbuzov (2014);
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk (2014).

ndutịm nkewa

Akụkụ nke ala usoro nke Ukraine na-egosi na ya ndutịm nkewa. N'ihi na a na-eto eto mba eke "na-eche maka" ihe kasị ezigbo ụdị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị dị iche iche na mpaghara. Ọnọdụ gburugburu Crimea na Donbas naanị na-egosi na ọ na-ewe oge na, ikekwe, ụfọdụ mgbanwe iji gbaa a monolithic ndutịm usoro na-ewe n'ime akaụntụ na-ebute ọdịmma nke niile agba nke ọha mmadụ.

The Republic ekewa mpaghara, nke ókè, na Soviet Union, fọrọ nke nta na-gbanwere - a ngụkọta nke 24 ebe, n'aka nke ya, na-subdivided n'ime 490 distrikti. 176 isi obodo nwere a pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ - na mpaghara (Republican) iwu na otú distrikti bụ territorial entities nke abụọ larịị. Na-atọ ogbo - ezigbo ndị mmadụ - bụ obodo councils, obodo, na obodo nta. Kiev bụ isi obodo mba.

Njirimara nke ala

The ala usoro nke Ukraine na-agụnye a n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo ụdị ọchịchị, nhazi-territorial Ọdịdị na ọchịchị. The ikpeazụ na-ekwu bụ a usoro nke n'aka na ụzọ nke steeti ike, ọ e ji larịị nke nkwa nke ruuru.

Nkeji edemede nọmba 1 of oruru ka positioned Ukraine dị ka onye kwuo uche-ala. The akwụkwọ akọwaputa ụkpụrụ nke ndị mmadụ uche, nkewa nke ike, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na ideological di iche iche, ọrụ onye, na dị ka.

ochichi onye kwuo uche

Ukraine unitary ala sị na ụkpụrụ nke ochichi onye kwuo uche, nke a rụrụ kpọmkwem site na ala ụlọ ọrụ na ndị isi obodo na gọọmenti na ndị ọchịchị. Ụlọikpe na 26.03.2002 na-ekwu na "ndị obodo ọchịchị ga-hụrụ dị ka ụdị nke ndị mmadụ ike."

A ngosipụta nke kpọmkwem ochichi onye kwuo uche bụ ntuli aka, mba na obodo referendums, na-ewu ewu, atumatu, ọha gaara na dị ka. N'ihe banyere ndị mmadụ ike gafee ala akpụ akụkụ nke na-ewu ewu onodi.

The ala ngwa kwesịrị ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti isi na sekọndrị ozu nnọchiteanya nke ndị mmadụ. Public ozu na-kpụrụ isi nnọchiteanya nke ha na-ahọrọ, na-enyemaka nke ike na-nyefere ndị na State kpọmkwem site na ndị mmadụ. Na mba na ha bụ Verkhovna Rada (VR) na President of Ukraine.

The ala ozu, nke na-kpụrụ BP na president, bụ ozu nke sekọndrị, anọ yiri. The uru nke kpọmkwem ochichi onye kwuo uche bụ obosara-adọta ndị mmadụ n'ihu ọha na-eme. The uru nke ịrụ ọrụ nke nnọchiteanya ozu bụ na ha na-adịgide adịgide, na-arụ ọrụ na a ọkachamara ndabere.

ala ọbụbụeze

Unitary obodo Ukraine - a Ọkaakaa na onwe ha. Ọbụbụeze a na-akpọ iwu nke ala ntuli aka ọchịchị na mba na de facto onwe ha n'ebe mpụga agha (mba, mmegharị, òtù, na na. D.).

Ọbụbụeze ekewa esịtidem na mpụga. Na oge a na ọnọdụ mbụ usoro n'usoro ochichi, na nke abụọ na-akpata nchegbu na uwa nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba dị iche iche, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ norms nke iwu mba. Ọbụbụeze bụghị naanị a onwunwe nke ala, na karịsịa ọchịchị. Ọ bụ n'elu otu, okpukpe, ego - ọ dịghị onye pụrụ ikpo ya uche. N'ime obodo ọbụbụeze bụghị naanị site na isi ruuru mmadụ.

Creation nke Ukraine dị ka a na steeti omume enweghị mpụga ọbụbụeze. Ọ kpọrọ ndị na-ókè n'ime nke ahụkarị ugbu a ọnọdụ interstate mwekota Filiks ga-ebe.

Na obi nke ala onwe nke Ukraine bụ na-akpọ ọchịchị nke ndị mmadụ. Ọ bụ ndị mmadụ, tumadi site free ntuli aka legitimizes steeti ike. N'ihi na ọ bụ isi iyi nke ndị bi na, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-abụ na ike. People ọbụbụeze gosipụtara site na hoputara nnọchiteanya ahu na ozugbo ndị obodo site na ntuli aka, ọha ụka referendum. Ya mere ọbụbụeze n'ezie ekwekọ n'àgwà nke ndị mpako na a ochichi onye kwuo uche.

Nnabata ya na iwu

Iji iwu ala nke Ukraine, na ndị dị otú ahụ bụ, ndị ọchịchị kwesịrị ịgba mbọ hụ na nnabata na iwu na ụkpụrụ na niile etoju: onye kasị ala ọchịchị ọ bụla nwa amaala. Legal iji - a iwu ọnọdụ nke iji, nzukọ na ụkpụrụ nke mmekọrịta ọhaneze. Na nke a ike, ọ:

• Ọ bụ a dị ike antithesis nke ogba aghara, ogbaaghara, disorganization, ejighị ihe n'aka na akwusighi nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ;
• iwu igbochi omume megidere iwu omume mere site na steeti na ya ọchịchị ụmụ amaala, nakwa dị ka otu onye na mmekọrita ọzọ.

Na-agwụ ike nke ike, na uto nke mkpesa ọnọdụ uche na 2013-2014 na steeti usoro nke Ukraine e egwu. The iwu bụ na iwu nlereanya, nke na-akọwa ọnọdụ nke na-achị nke na-elekọta mmadụ na ibe ya, ha ọdịdị, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti eke na iwu mmadụ, nakwa dị ka ụzọ, usoro, esemokwu mkpebi usoro.

On a territorial ndabere (n'ógbè mgbasa) ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-achị nke iwu ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti:

• steeti (obodo) n'ozuzu;
• anụ ụlọ entities (achị etiti, na kwurula ọha entities);
• ndutịm-territorial nkeji - na obodo nta, na distrikti, na mpaghara, wdg

Dabere na mmetụta nke iwu, ya bughi akụkụ na guzobere ọchịchị nke iwu, anyị nwere ike ime ka a n'ozuzu, sectoral, pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ institutional iji. Total gosiri na ọrụ dị ka a n'ihi nke mmejuputa dum usoro iwu. Site olu, na klas a bụ n'ezie otu dị ka ụkpụrụ iwu na a territorial ndabere. Ụlọ ọrụ mere na ndabere nke norms kpọmkwem alaka nke iwu (n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo, ego, obodo usoro, na ndị ọzọ.). Special (institutional) ebilite na ndabere nke mmejuputa nri nke onye oru.

n'ụlọikpe

Ọkàikpe - nke atọ usoro ochichi Ukraine. Ọ na-ghọtara site pụrụ iche ala ozu - ụlọikpe. The mba kpụrụ a atọ-EBIONITISM usoro, n'elu nke Ụlọikpe kwesịrị. Ọ na-elekọta - ngwọta nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na ihe metutara ntọala niile na ikike - oruru.

Uru mbipụta (na-elekọta mmadụ, akụ na ụba) ewepụta izugbe na mkpezi ikpe n'ụlọikpe, karị. N'ihi ya, ụdị ọchịchị nke Ukraine na-ewe ke a ziri ezi Ọdịdị na-guzozie eguzozie site Rada (ome iwu), President (nnochite anya Executive System) na Ụlọikpe (dị ka kasị ụdị ngosipụta nke usoro ikpe ikpe).

Mia

Legal iji - bụ n'ezie iwu ọnọdụ nke iji, mmezi, na nzukọ nke mmekọrịta ọhaneze, a N'ihi ya nke ahụ n'ezie, mmejuputa iwu nke iwu, ha n'onwe ná ndụ. Echiche nke ọchịchị bụ atọsa si echiche nke a "siri ike" ikike iwu kwadoro. N'ihi ya mmezi na mmejuputa iwu-na Ukraine kere Ministry nke Interior.

Ná mmalite, ndị Ministry nke esịtidem Affairs nke Ukraine e kewara pụrụ iche ọrụ:

• Public uwe ojii.
• Criminal uwe ojii.
• GAI.
• State Security Service.
• Dị iche iche pụrụ iche agha.

mgbanwe

The mgbanwe ke 2014 budata gbanwere Ọdịdị nke ahụ Ministry nke esịtidem Affairs. Mbụ niile, kama ndị uwe ojii nọ na-mma site President on 08.04.2015, na National Police. Ọ Planned ekwe n'aka iga akụkụ, ndị uwe ojii na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa anụmanụ GUBOP. Ebe ọ bụ na 2016 ọrụ nke GAI "enye" kere ihe electronic usoro e mere iji dochie anya "ndụ" okporo ụzọ uwe ojii. 16/09/2015 kagburu territorial Interior Ministry. Akwụsị mgbanwe na 2017. N'ezie, ala na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ga-agbanwe agbanwe, ma ntughari oge nwere ike imetụta ndị omempụ ọnọdụ.

Ọ na-zubere na ọhụrụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ Ministry of Interior akpatre na-ewe ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• Criminal uwe ojii.
• Special Police.
• Uwe ojii nchebe.
• Postal na Telecommunications.
• Patrol uwe ojii.
• The ozu tupu ikpe nchọpụta.
• Police ọrụ.
• Department of mgbere ọgwụ.
• Economic uwe ojii.

teething nsogbu

E nwere dị iche iche nke gọọmenti. Ukraine họọrọ ndị unitary ụdị mmekọrịta nke ndutịm entities. Ọnọdụ gburugburu Crimea na Donbas, okwu nke na-enye ihe ike na mpaghara, ruo mgbe federalization edebe n'ihu omeiwu, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọkà mmụta sayensị na otu ajụjụ, mfe azịza na-adịghị.

The usoro nke na-eke a ọhụrụ onye kwuo uche obodo mgbagwoju. Ma na a mkpirikpi a usoro ihe ọhụrụ nke e guzobere ọchịchị, mba ndị agha, nche ọrụ, uwe ojii.