Unicorn: egbe Shuvalov Russian ogbunigwe

Iji agbapụ àkụ mee ibibi onye iro n'ebe dị anya, ọ na-eme kemgbe oge ochie. A ịrịba itunanya ke mma nke ogbunigwe ngwá agha ruru na mgbe ọdịdị gunpowder. Eje ije n'ime ihe gara aga, ha na-anọchi dị iche iche ụdị nke egbe, howitzers na ogbunigwe. Na-agbanwe agbanwe agha si eme rụpụtara ihe mma nke ogbunigwe ngwá agha. Otu n'ime ndị kasị zuru okè ụdị nke narị afọ nke 18 bụ Unicorn egbe ala Shuvalov.

Reform nke smoothbore ogbunigwe

Na oge site na XVIII ka XIX narị afọ mgbanwe nke materiel ọ ẹkenịmde ke agha nāchi Tsarist Russia: ya mfe na n'otu. The mgbanwe emetụta ogologo nke ogbunigwe na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ha mgbidi. Budata belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke calibers na friezes - ịchọ mma na osisi. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ịdị n'otu ghọrọ kwere omume na-eji otu akụkụ dị iche iche ngwá. Unicorn (egbe) - A ọhụrụ ngwá agha e mma n'okpuru iwu feldtseyhmeystera General (Chief nke Atilari) Gụọ Petra Ivanovicha Shuvalova. Howitzer si a ka e wepụrụ ọrụ nke eze agha. Nọrọ mgbanwe achoputala a onye nke Russian ogbunigwe na agha nke 1812.

imewe ọrụ

Team isi na-emepụta edu agụ Shuvalov were a afọ ole na ole na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ na mma ngwaọrụ ruo mgbe ị ga-esi na afọ ojuju na ha nlereanya - a ọhụrụ egbe - Shuvalov Unicorn. "Na-eme ya onwe gị" - na-enye n'oge a omenkà pụrụ iche na saịtị, na-enye ihe niile dị mkpa na nghọta na imewe. Mepụta a ngwá ọrụ ẹdude njikere Eserese - a nnọọ mfe ọrụ karịa onye nwere akpụ egbe nwe. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'oge ahụ dị anya site n'ọnụ mgbawa, na-arụ ọrụ na ọhụrụ egbe nlereanya rụrụ site nnwale.

N'ihi nke ọtụtụ nwere, ma e wezụga n'ihi na unicorns, e nwere dị iche iche na ndị ọzọ ụdị nke egbe, ọtụtụ nke na-tụfuo. Otu n'ime ndị a samples na-e site na ndị agha Russia n'ime ọrụ, ha na-dvuhstvolny pushki- "ejima". Nke a ogbunigwe mpempe bụ a abụọ-gbọmgbọm n'elu a ji ebu.

Agbapụ site na nke a ngwá agha e rụrụ na buckshot, nke gụnyere chopped mkpọrọ ígwè. Ọ na-e chere na mmetụta nke na-agba ndị dị otú ahụ a projectile ga-nnukwu. Mgbe ule, ya tụgharịa na ya arụmọrụ sọrọ egbe ala adịghị mma karịa ot otu-barreled.

Gịnị bụ Unicorn (egbe)?

Russian ogbunigwe si 1757 e onwem na a ọhụrụ ngwá ọrụ mepụtara ọrụ M. V. Danilovym na M. G. Martynovym. The ngwá agha e kere iji dochie ogologo-barreled egbe na howitzers. Ya aha - Unicorn - egbe ala natara mythical anụmanụ na a kọwara na uwe nke ogwe aka nke agụ P. I. Shuvalova.

Nke a bụ kpọmkwem na Russian ogbunigwe egbe jikọtara n'onwe ya na e ji mara egbe na howitzers, bu n'obi n'ihi na-eduzi ewepụghị na curved ọkụ. Unicorns bụ obere cannons. Shuvalovskie ngwaahịa gbọmgbọm nwere oval ọwa nke kwụ n'obosara ọtụtụ ugboro ukwuu karịa vetikal. Na nke a ọ dị iche na ndị oge gboo iberibe ogbunigwe. Ogwe nke Unicorn nwere udi nke ihe oval cone. Mgbe firing ya na-enye kwụ ngagharị trajectory tragaasi. Unu egbe progenitor ọtụtụ ndị ụgwọ rida n'ala, ma ọ bụ na-efe efe n'elu isi nke onye iro.

Ịkpata ịgbazigharị eze ogbunigwe

Mgbe modernization nke ihe na ozi na ndị agha Russia pụtara Unicorn. The egbe, bụ nke dị n'okpuru ndise, na-anọchi anya kwalite ogbunigwe egbe, nke ikpokọta kacha mma Njirimara bu ụzọ firing ngwaọrụ.

Martynov na Daniel ngwaahịa n'oge ahụ e weere ihe ndị kasị zuru okè, ebe ọ bụ na mma na yiri samples of ha lightness na maneuverability. About a narị afọ na-eji ndị eze agha egbe Unicorn, onye nghọta jụrụ ndị Russian ya Austrian òtù ke 1760.

Gịnị gosiri ọdịiche ndị ọhụrụ nlereanya si classic ogbunigwe?

Ka iwelie mma nduzi nkenke ngwá agha iji nwaa na-emepụta bụ ịzụlite a mfe diopter, nke a kwadebere n'ụzọ na a Unicorn. The egbe e onwem na a egbe, nke bụ a oghere na n'ihu n'anya. Firing nso Shuvalov ngwaahịa bụ ugboro atọ ka nke ndị ọzọ iberibe ogbunigwe. Unicorns nwere ala ibu ka ot egbe, ma ibu ọnụego na-elekọta ike. Ha dị iche na-agba. The ike na-emepụta ọkụ site agha nke isi n'ịnyịnya na trajectory bụ a mara mma nke ndị dị otú a ngwá agha, dị ka a Unicorn. The egbe, na ụzọ nke ọhụrụ ngwá agha nwere ike na-ebu nanị na-ata nri ọku.

Gịnị projectiles chụọ n'ọrụ ihe kwalite nlereanya?

Shuvalov egbe ala nwere ike gbaa bombs, nke bụ oghere * Tụkwasị shells jupụtara na nwa gunpowder na-ruo eruo na osisi ọjà, fuuz. Nke a unicorns ndị yiri mkpụmkpụ-howitzers. Ha dị iche odori ọsọ na nso. unicorns udu abụọ ugboro elu karịa howitzers.

Ọzọkwa, nile iji cores na dị iche iche tragaasi Unicorn. Egbe ala (Classic) a chọrọ naanị ịnọgide na-enwe flatness nke égbè. Iji emenyụla ọkụ na onye-iro, ochie egbe na-kewapụrụ n'ihu bipu: ha elu adịghị gafere 15 degrees, mgbe ogwe Shuvalov Unicorn welitere maka agbapụ na 45 degrees.

A ngwaọrụ bolt

Tupu unicorns Russian na European agha ji egbe ala caliber 18-25 na 6-8 caliber howitzers. Nlele ogologo kpebisiri ruru gia na ya azuokokoosisi n'obosara. Classical egbe n'oge e onwem na a kpọchie, n'ihi ya, a na-akpọ beskamornoy. Gbọmgbọm ọwa na egbe-ebe n'ime ala, nke a na ewepụghị n'ụdị ma ọ bụ na ụdị a Ụwa. Howitzer bolt nwere a cylindrical udi.

Unicorns na-onwem na kpọchie, nke conical na udi. Chamber bụ a n'azụ òkè nke belata n'obosara na ogbunigwe shells na zubere maka ịtụkwasị kartuznyh ebubo.

Udi nke ọ bụ a truncated cone, nke biri * Tụkwasị na ala 2 na a omimi nlele. N'ihi dị otú ahụ a na-ewu, mgbe na-atụ na lekwasịrị egbe ana achi achi a zuru okè N'ịgbakwasị na projectile ballistics.

The usoro nke itinye conical Camore ọhụrụ egbe bụ mfe na ngwa ngwa tụnyere ndị cylindrical ulo howitzers. N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma imewe nke Unicorn nwere a ala ibu, nke nwere mmetụta dị mma n'ebe ya na-achịkwa. Mgbe 1808 na Shuvalovskie egbe iji dochie * Tụkwasị bịara ewepụghị ike, ebe mechie. Omimi nke ime-ulo-ebelata.

Gịnị ogbunigwe egbe ji mma?

Unicorns eji maka n'ichepụta ọla kọpa na ígwè. Field ogbunigwe e onwem na atọ-funt ájà. Pudova egbe a ihe onwunwe e ji nnọchibido ogbunigwe. N'ihi na ala bu n'obi Unicorns iri anọ na pound, mere nke nkedo ígwè.

Egbe ala 1757 model afọ

Dị ka egwu odnopudovy Unicorn emeghị ikweta iri na asatọ-egbe. Ya ibu bụ 1.048 n'arọ. Ọ 64 pound erughị egbe. Na nke a ngwá Shuvalovskie ji elu agagharị. Dị ka ha na kenkwucha oru na e ji mara odnopudovy Unicorn elu isii pound egbe ala, nke na 1734 e weere ndị kacha nke ubi ogbunigwe iberibe. Shuvalov ụmụ mesịrị bụrụ pound abua na iri Mkpa ọkụ egbe na nwere oké ebibi mmetụta mgbe firing buckshot. Odnopudovy Unicorn karịrị na yiri na ibu howitzer. Gbawaa nke ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-agbawa agbawa fragmentation bombs si mma egbe ala na onye iro e wusiri ike bụ ugboro abụọ dị elu karịa si ot bombs eji odnopudovaya howitzer.

Dị ka size kpebisiri ike?

Ruo mgbe XIX narị afọ nlele n'ihe e rụrụ bụghị site na dayameta nke gbọmgbọm ọwa. Eji maka ogbunigwe ngwá agha malitere a iri na arọ nke ntọala. Mgbe anwale trehpudovogo Unicorn caliber nke nke bụ 320 mm, ya tụgharịa na ngwá bụ kwa arọ ma na-ewe mgbe itinye. The otu nke na-emepụta na-arụ ọrụ na nke a nlereanya nke ogbunigwe kwụsịrị.

On ihe ndabere na-arụ ọrụ Shuvalovskie egbe?

• Tupu ha amalite na-agbapụ Unicorn na-eduga ná mgbaru ọsọ.
• Ịzụ na ẹsụhọde nke egbe breech rụrụ iji sighting ngwaọrụ - kposara.
• Iji tụgharịa ogwe aka ịgbasapụ pụrụ iche levers e nyere site na-emepụta.
• Gwara iji na onye iro egbe e rụrụ wedges.
• Mgbanye powder emepụta site na oriọna, nke a kwadebere n'ụzọ na a pilot ìhè.
• N'ihi na egbe na unicorns envisaged Ekechila ọnụ loading: isi, bombs na tin iko jupụtara finely chopped waya (tragaasi) etinye n'ime a ngwá agha site na gbọmgbọm. N'otu oge unicorns shei si n'elu gbọmgbọm see tapered cone na ya ibu a tightly akara ama dị na e nwere a-elekọta nwa ntụ ntụ, nke rụrụ vyshibalnuyu ọrụ.
• N'oge combustion nke gunpowder e guzobere a zuru ezu ego nke ike maka ejecting na projectile si gbọmgbọm. Mgbe Unicorns mepụtara budata mma arụmọrụ nke ogbunigwe iberibe. Shuvalov ngwaahịa si combustion nke gunpowder ụgwọ ume kpamkpam nyefere bouncer projectile kama itinye site gaps na mgbidi gbọmgbọm, dị ka ọ dị na ot egbe.
• Mgbe ọ bụla gbara gbọmgbọm ogbunigwe kpochara Bannik - pụrụ iche brushes, nke na-eji imewe nke aturu akpukpọ.

Gịnị bụ uru nke a na-adịghị egbe?

• Ogbunigwe imewe Unicorn obere karịa na mbụ egbe, ma karịa ngwa agha.
• The ngwaahịa Shuvalova eserese a gbakọtara maka a anya nke ruo puku atọ. Mita. Nke a anya n'oge e weere ịrịba.
• Short gbọmgbọm Unicorn welitere ezi ya. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na mmepụta nke orù maka ogbunigwe bụghị zuru okè: ọnụnọ nke microscopic ụfọdụ ke n'ime elu nke gbọmgbọm nwere ike ịgbanwe na trajectory nke a nyere projectile, mere ugboro ugboro. The ogologo gbọmgbọm, ka ọnụnọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ụfọdụ. Mbenata ogwe belata ugboro deviations na-ejighị n'aka rotations shells n'oge firing, na nke a, n'aka nke ya, mma ziri ezi nke Hits.
• Mbenata size of ogwe nwere mmetụta dị mma n'ebe ndị loading ọsọ. Tupu biakwa obibia nke unicorns ot otu shot egbe apụnara dịkarịa ala minit 15.
• Shuvalov egbe na nnara usoro akara dị mfe. Ke adianade do, obere gbọmgbọm ụba ogo ịrị elu 45. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ-apụghị na-enweta site ot egbe.

Shuvalov Unicorn. Ndi ya onwe gị

Yourselfers onye chọrọ nwere aka ike ụdị ngwá agha gị collection, unu mara na tupu ị malite n'ichepụta Unicorn okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu, gị mkpa nwere n'ihu m a sample nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ngwaahịa. Master nlereanya dị mfe na-eme na akwụkwọ. Na usoro, ọ dị mkpa na-edebe otu ọnụ ọgụgụ. Nke a nwere ike ji mee toy agha, site na nke ga-ekechi ọnyá na okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na-eme n'ọdịnihu ogbunigwe shells ka nkeji akụkụ nke ahụ mmadụ. Mgbe a nke ọma gburu katọn nwe nlereanya, i nwere ike n'ihu imewe nke yiri, ma nke osisi.

Na-arụ ọrụ na nke a na ihe onwunwe, ọ na-atụ aro iji lacquer, nke jide ọnụ obere nkọwa ma gbochie ha ngafe. Iji egbe nwere a ewepụghị elu, ha ga-emeso ya na agịga faịlụ. Ngwaahịa na-atụ aro na-impregnate ot ọla kọpa sulfate, nke nwere ike zụrụ na a ngwaike ụlọ ahịa. Sam impregnation usoro bụ na-eri oge: ọla kọpa sulphate ga-diluted na a obere akpa nke na-mikpuo egbe amama. Ka egbe ga daa mbà n'obi, ha ga-ewepụ ihe ngwọta na esichara site chere ma ọ bụ na mado (GOI ma ọ bụ asidola). Nke a na usoro nwere ike rụrụ ọtụtụ ugboro. Mgbe n'elu ọgwụgwọ ngwá ga-ezi uche ọla agba.

ọgwụgwụ

Na XVIII narị afọ nchara osisi na Urals e weere a nnukwu ulo oru mgbagwoju, amị ọzọ metal karịa ọrụ ọ bụla Western European mba. A nnukwu ego nke ihe onwunwe dị mkpa Ịgụta Shuvalov mere ka o kwe omume na-aghọta anyị engineering oru ngo. Dị ka a n'ihi nke uka mmepụta dị ka n'oge dị 1759 ọrụ e fere 477 dị iche iche ụdị nke Unicorn: egbe isii calibers na ntukwasi n'etiti 340 n'arọ 3.5 ise.

Unicorns nwere pụtara irè na agha megide Turks, nke nyere merie Tsarist Russia Crimea na New Russia. Ọnụnọ ndị ogbunigwe iberibe na narị afọ nke 18 kwere ndị agha Russia na-ike na Europe.