Vintage ịnyịnya ígwè. History na mmepe nke igwe

Vintage bike na otu oge bụ a itunanya ke obere ụgbọ njem. E mepụtara ya na-ekewet dị iche iche ndị mmadụ. E nwere a version na oru ngo na a yinye mbanye na a ụzọ nke ụkwụ nwe Leonardo da Vinci. The patent maka mepụtara na 1814 natara German Baron Karl von Dresen. Ihe nlereanya e mere nke osisi na nke enweghị pedal na-agba ịnyịnya, ọ dị mkpa na-asọ n'ụkwụ unu n'ala. E nwere echiche dị otú ahụ ihe ngwa kere a Russian omenkà Efim Artamonov (14 afọ tupu German ọrụ ibe), ma ọ dịghị patented. Na nke a, akpa bike gara banyere 5000 kilomita, na e mere nke osisi.

mma

Mmebe Germany Dresen kere na 1817 otu agadi igwe, nke na eziokwu bụ a osisi skuuta onwem na oche na akwọ ụgbọala. The mepụtara aha mgbe Onye Okike nke "railcar". Nke a na okwu ka na-eji na mmekọrita ụfọdụ nke onwe onye na-propelled ígwè ọrụ.

Na forties nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, ndị na ngwaọrụ na-doro modernization, ekele mgbalị nke Kirk Patrika Makmillana (Scottish uzú ọbara). Ònye nọ na n'oge gara aga, a ịnyịnya ígwè enweghị pedal na-onwem na metal mkpara ofu aka n'azụ wheel. Na ha na ọ bụ ike na-emepụta na ụgbọ ala na-efegharị, bụ ogwe ụkwụ. Ọkwọ ụgbọala e odude n'etiti n'ihu ma n'azụ wheel, ukpụhọde ntụziaka nke eji ugbo ala, mmekọrịta na n'ihu rim.

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na engineer Thompson anya nyere inflatable taya, nke n'oge ahụ mere nweta ewu ewu, n'ihi na ha technical ezughị okè. Mass mmepụta nke ịnyịnya ígwè na pedal na ese foto malitere mgbe 1867.

n'ihu mmepe

Aha nke bike natara ekele Pierre Michaud, onye patented pedal drive ruo eruo ka n'ihu wheel. Ke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19, ọ bịara na-ewu ewu nlereanya nke "penny-farthing", n'ihi ya aha ya bụ site ntụnyere diameters nke ego ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ (na-erughị a penny farthing). The pedal-arụnyere na a nnukwu n'ihu wheel. The oche e odude n'elu ha. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a ụgbọala e gbanwere center nke ike ndọda, a ịnyịnya ígwè na a nnukwu n'ihu wheel e weere nnọọ ize ndụ mgbanwe, n'elu nke choro ntị ma na itule nke onye na-agba.

Onye ọzọ na ngwaọrụ a ghọrọ tricycles nlereanya ọsọsọp ewu ewu. The ọzọ ogbo nke igwe nwere ike na-ewere na ojiji nke metal wheel na esịtidem spokes. Dị otú ahụ mepụtara e obụp mi ke 1867 site na Edward Cowper. Dị nnọọ a di na nwunye nke afọ ụgbọala na-onwem na a etiti, na mbubreyo 70 enwere a yinye mbanye (nchepụta - England Lawson mere).

Ọgwụgwụ nke narị afọ nke 19

Na ebe nke penny-farthing na yiri ụdị abịa ígwè, vaguely reminiscent nke oge a na mgbanwe. Ọ na-emepụta ya English omenkà Dzhon Kemp Starley na 1884. The ụgbọ ala ama aha ya bụ "Na-awagharị» (Rover). Mgbe ọnwa 12, Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke a version. The unit nwere a yinye nnyefe, otu n'obosara wheel, akwọ ụgbọala oche na-arụ na a n'etiti n'etiti n'ihu ma n'azụ rim. N'ọdịnihu, ụlọ ọrụ Rover malitere Nlụpụta ụgbọala na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala, ruo mgbe 2005, mgbe ahụ wee odida.

Na 1888, ndị Scottish engineer John Boyd Dunlop taya e chọrọ si roba bụ softer na ndị ọzọ ala. Pụrụ ịdabere na igwefoto tụnyere roba ogbo, ọsọsọp ewu ewu. Ọ bụrụ na Devid agụghị ndị gbara bike tụnyere a "jijiji ebu" nke ọkpụkpụ, ugbu a ịnya ghọrọ ukwuu smoother na mfe.

Golden oge

The okooko nke technology na mmepe nke abụọ-wheeled-abụghị motorized weere afọ 90 nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na biakwa obibia nke breeki pedal na a free Wheeling ngwaọrụ, nke kwere ghara pedal isi. N'oge na-adịghị wee n'aka breeki, ma ya oke eji malitere mgbe e mesịrị.

First bike ịkpakọba ụdị a arụpụtara ke 1878, na-esote afọ iri mepụtakwara aluminum owuwu. A ụgbọala na pedal, nke nwere ike kpaliri ke a ụgha ma ọ bụ na-eri, echepụta na 1895. Nke a mgbanwe a na-akpọ "rikambent". Ya uka mmepụta n'ime afọ ole na ole mgbe ngosi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-aku "Peugeot".

Gịnị gbanwere na narị afọ nke 20?

Ancient osisi bike ná mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, okụrede ogologo oge gara aga. Na 1915, e nwere ụdị onwem na n'ihu ma n'azụ nkwusioru. Ha isi nzube - iji maka mkpa nke ndị Italian agha. Mgbe afọ iri, na-egosi na ngwaọrụ na-agba bọl ụdị, multispeed ehiwe, ebu nzukọ usoro, ike ọsọ regulator maka yinye mbanye na nchara anwụrụ na a ụkwụ breeki.

First gearshifts ha ezughị okè. N'elu n'azụ wheel sprocket pụrụ iche na abụọ. Ka ịgbanwee ọsọ, ọ dị mkpa ka a kwụsị ngwá, wepụ na-atụgharị wheel. Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa ka ịhazie ọnọdụ na tightness nke circuit.

The n'oge na nke mmepe nke bike

A mbara gia na-eje ozi dị ka ndị prototype maka oge a mgbanwe ngwaọrụ e mepụtakwara na 1903, ma mgbasa fọrọ 30 afọ mgbe e mesịrị. A ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya mgbanwe nke mgba ọkụ nke na-enyefe mere site Italian na-agba ígwè Tullio Campagnolo (1950), bụ onye e mesịrị a maara nke ọma emeputa velomashin.

Na 74th afọ nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, e nwere ụdị nke anyịnya igwe mere nke titanium, a obere ka e mesịrị - nke carbon eriri. Special kọmputa soro ibu kwa, ike ọsọ na oge, wee si na 1983.

Vintage bike a ịga nke ọma, n'ihi na enweghị nke ọzọ. Na abụọ na narị afọ bụ ejighị n'aka ewu ewu na nke na-atụle technology. Nke a na-ejikọta ya na mmepe nke ụgbọala ụlọ ọrụ na mepụtara mopeds, ọgba tum tum. Ejiji velomashiny pụtaghachi, ekele n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ka na-akwalite a ike ndụ na nchedo obibi usoro. The isi ụgbọala na-now na-akacha mee bike bi na mba Europe. Kasị ike ọrụ na-atụle ga-ndị bi na Denmark na Netherlands. The nkezi Dane-agba ịnyịnya ígwè gburugburu 900 kilomita a afọ, a obibi nke Netherlands - 850 km. Na Germany na Belgium, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ 300 km. Obere ngwá na-eji na Southern Europe. Ka ihe atụ, ná nkezi Spaniard merie ya naanị 20 kilomita.

atụmatụ

Government atumatu na mba dị iche iche, aiming na-emepe emepe velostroeniya enye ohere popularize a n'ụdị iga, rụọ ahụ ike ọha, dochie Central n'okporo ámá nke arọ okporo ụzọ ma chebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Na China, India na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ, ịnyịnya ígwè na-na-ewere isi eme njem. Nke a bụ n'ihi ya maneuverability na warara n'okporo ámá na affordability. E nwere mgbe ndị ọchịchị machibidoro ije na ụdị technology, ka ọ ghara igbochi Itie ugbo ala. Ihe atụ, na Shanghai (2003) iwu ọtụtụ ọnwa.

na-akpali ozi

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ na-akpali eziokwu ejikọrọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke abụọ-wheeled nkeji enweghị Motors:

• Bike enweghị pedal mepụtakwara na 1814, e mere nke osisi, ije ije na ya nwere ike ịbụ, na-amalite site na ụkwụ nke ụwa.
• The mbụ ịnyịnya ígwè agbụrụ ẹkenịmde ke Paris ita-nri (na anya bụ 2 kilomita ke 1868).
• The Russian uka nlereanya na yinye drive malitere ịpụta na 1880.
• A ịrịba itunanya ke mmepe nke bike bịara na 1884. A vetiran soja nwoke si Scotland Dunlop mepụtakwara na pneumatic taya. Ná mmalite, ọ gbalịrị ju ya na mmiri, ma ọ budata ebelata ọsọ. Mgbe ahụ, nchepụta adaha ikuku ya na mepụtakwara a pụrụ iche valvụ egbochi azụ mmepụta ngwakọta.
• The isi oge a igwe emeputa bụ China, n'ihi na ọ nwere ọtụtụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ (banyere 95% nke mmepụta).

ibiere nhọrọ

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ịgba ígwè ga-gaa na akaụntụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke parameters. Akpa, ị ga-ekpebi na ebe mgbakọ nke isi ije (obodo ma ọ bụ mba ụzọ). Nke abuo, ọ dị mkpa iji gaa na akaụntụ afọ na mmekọahụ nke onye nwe. Ọzọkwa, eku ga-dakọtara na ịdị elu na ịdị arọ nke onye ahụ. Ewere n'ime akaụntụ ndị a niile ihe, ị nwere ike bulie a abụọ-wheeled technology, na-enye nchebe, pụrụ ịdabere na nkasi obi nke ije.

Gịnị bụ ụdị nke oge a na bike?

Vintage tricycle now i nwere ike ịhụ naanị na a ngosi nka. Modern ogbo nwere ike kere atọ ụdị:

1. Mountain nlereanya. Ha na-e na-akpali n'elu ike ike teren, ugwu nile na okporo ụzọ. Qualitative mgbanwe nke ụdị na-ahụta ka ndị kasị ewu ewu, a pụrụ ịdabere na, ike na inogide. Nsụgharị ụfọdụ na-onwem na a ụzọ nke ujo absorbers (abụọ hangers). N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na nke a ụgbọ ala dị arọ karịa ọkọlọtọ mgbanwe, ọ na-egosi ndị kasị mma arụmọrụ mgbe ụgbọala na mkpumkpu ebupụta.
2. Road ọduọ ịnyịnya ígwè pịnye. Ndị a mgbanwe mfe wheel nwere a ibu n'obosara na warara na taya. Ihe nlereanya na-onwem eleda ndị wheel, ikwe na-akwọ ịmụta ihe aerodynamic ọnọdụ, otua kwalite ọsọ arụmọrụ.
3. Mixed variants. Ndị a anyịnya igwe ikpokọta kacha mma àgwà analogues nke dị n'elu, ya bu n'obi na-akwọ ụgbọala nke obodo na na ya, ma na-adịghị abịaru nso òtù egwuregwu agbụrụ.

N'ihi

Development nke ịgba ígwè technology mere ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. Na mmepe na e kere eke nke a na ngwaọrụ e gara site a otutu echepụta na omenkà. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, bike mere abụghị naanị ntụrụndụ, na a full ụgbọala.