Vyacheslav Molotov (Vyacheslav Mihaylovich Skryabin): biography, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ

Molotov bụ otu n'ime ole na ole Bolsheviks mbụ oku, nke jisiri na-adị ndụ na oge nke Stalinist ada ma na-anọgide na ike. Ọ ẹkenịmde a dịgasị iche iche nke agadi ọchịchị posts na 1920-1950-ies.

mmalite afọ

Vyacheslav Molotov mụrụ March 9, 1890. Ezigbo aha ya - Alexander Scriabin. Molotov - party pseudonym. Ya-eto eto, ndị Bolsheviks eji a dịgasị iche iche nke aha e biri ebi na akwụkwọ akụkọ. Molotov pseudonym o ji mee ihe maka oge mbụ na a obere akwụkwọ nta na mmepe nke Soviet aku na uba, na kemgbe ahụ ọzọ ya na ya ghara ịhapụ.

N'ọdịnihu revolutionary a mụrụ na a n'etiti òtù ezinụlọ, na ndị bi n'obodo nta na-esi nri na Vyatka n'ógbè. Nna ya bụ pụtara ọgaranya ma nwee ike inye ụmụ ya ezi muta. Vyacheslav Molotov bụ na a ezigbo akwụkwọ nke Kazan. Na afọ nke na-eto eto bịara mbụ Russian mgbanwe ọchịchị, nke, N'ezie, ike ma na-emetụta echiche nke nwa okorobịa. Student o sonyeere ndị Bolshevik òtù ndị ntorobịa na 1906. Na 1909 e jidere ya, chụgara Vologda. Mgbe ntọhapụ nke Vyacheslav Molotov kwagara St. Petersburg. Na isi obodo, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mbụ iwu Party akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-akpọ "The Eziokwu." Scriabin me ka enyi ya Victor Tikhomirnov, onye sitere a ahịa ezinụlọ, na ego n'akwụkwọ nke ndị Nazi na-efu ha. The ezigbo aha nke Vyacheslav Molotov gakwaghị kwuru na mgbe ahụ. Revolutinary akpatre ejikọrọ ndụ ya ọzọ.

Mgbanwe na Civil War

Site na nmalite nke February mgbanwe nke Vyacheslav Molotov, n'adịghị kasị ama Bolsheviks, ọ nọ na Russia. Key onye party ediwak isua n'ala ọzọ. Ya mere, ke akpa ọnwa nke 1917, Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich ukwuu ibu na Petrograd. Ọ nọgidere nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Eziokwu", na ọbụna wee banye Executive kọmitii nke Soviet nke Ọrụ 'na agha' Deputies.

Mgbe Lenin na ndị ndú ndị ọzọ nke RSDLP (b) laghachi Russia, nwa functionary atalata n'ime ndabere na n'oge ahụ agaghịkwa anya. Molotov conceded ndị okenye na ndị na oratory, na revolutionary obi ike. Ma, ọ bụ ya na uru: echiche nke ibu ọrụ, ịdị uchu na oru muta. Ya mere, n'oge Civil War Molotov tumadi emi odude ke "ubi" na-arụ ọrụ nke dị n'ógbè - ọ haziri ọrụ obodo councils na municipalities.

Na 1921, nke abụọ-EBIONITISM party òtù ndabara ọma na-esi na ọhụrụ Central ahu - na Secretariat. Ebe a Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich nọrọ a n'usoro iwu ọrụ, ọ nọ na ya mmewere. Ke adianade do, Secretariat nke Central Committee nke RCP (b), ọ ghọrọ otu nke Stalin, nke kpebisiri ike ya dum ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ebe nketa.

Stalin n'aka nri

Na 1922, Stalin na hoputara General Secretary nke Central Kọmitii. Kemgbe ahụ, na-eto eto V. M. Molotov ghọrọ ya protégé. O gosipụtara iguzosi ike n'ihe ya site na-ewere akụkụ dị na niile n'ịgwa na intrigues nke Stalin dị ka Lenin ke akpatre afọ ole na ole, na mgbe ọnwụ nke Lenin. Molotov bụ n'ezie na-nri ebe. Ọ bụ site ọdịdị mgbe a ndú, ma dị iche iche n'usoro iwu ịdị uchu, nyeere ya aka na-apụghị ịgụta ọnụ ụkọchukwu ọrụ Central Kọmitii.

On Lenin si olili ozu na 1924, Molotov ji ya akpati ozu, nke bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ibu ya ngwaike. Site na oge malitere esịtidem mgba n'ime otu. The usoro nke "mkpokọta ike" kee maka nnọọ ogologo. Ọ na-eme na-atụ atọ ndị mmadụ na-achọ na-edu ndú - Stalin, Trotsky na Zinoviev. Molotov mgbe a masịrị ha nke mbụ na ndika. Ya mere, dị ka nwayọọ ọnụego nke Secretary-General, ọ na-campaigned na Central Committee, mbụ megide "Trotskyist", na mgbe ahụ, "Zinoviev" mmegide.

January 1, 1926 V. M. Molotov ghọrọ onye òtù nke Politburo - na-achị isi nke Central Committee, nke gụnyere ndị kasị akpa onye nke ọzọ. N'otu oge ikpeazụ meriri nke Stalin na-emegide mere. Na ụbọchị nke ememe nke afọ iri nke October mgbanwe ndidi ọgụ na Trotsky si akwado. Ikebịghike enye ama chụgara Kazakhstan na asọpụrụ dọọrọ n'agha, wee kpamkpam hapụrụ USSR.

Molotov bụ Stalin N'ezie eduzi na Moscow City Party Committee. Ọ na-egwuri megide otu n'ime ndị ndú nke ndị na-akpọ nri-nku mmegide Nikolaya Uglanova, nke, na ọgwụgwụ, yipụ na post of First Secretary nke CIM. Na 1928-1929 gg. Politburo otu o were ebe a. N'oge ndị a ọnwa ole na ole, Molotov ẹkenịmde ngosi na Moscow nhicha ngwa. Site n'ebe ahụ, niile na-emegide nke Stalin na-asuan. Otú ọ dị, ada nke oge ndị dịtụ nwayọọ - ọ dịghị onye ma a gbara ma ọ bụ zigara n'ogige ọrụ mmanye.

Explorer collectivization

Égbè Eluigwe nke-emegide ya, Stalin na Molotov ka mmalite nke 1930s nyere ọbụ ike nke Koba. The Secretary General ja nraranye na mbo nke aka nri ya. Na 1930, mgbe arụkwaghịm nke Rykov bụ a ohere iputa post nke onyeisi oche nke Council nke Ndị mmadụ Commissars nke USSR. Ọ dochie Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich. Na nkenke, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi nke Soviet ọchịchị, na-ejide na post ruo 1941.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke collectivization na obodo Molotov ọzọ mgbe na-aga na njem azụmahịa gafee mba. O duuru mmeri nke kulaks na Ukraine. The ala chọrọ niile oru ugbo achịcha ahụ mere ka ndị na-eguzogide na obodo. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara ruru riots. The Soviet na-edu ndú, ma ọ bụ kama, ya onwe Stalin, kpebiri ime ka a "nnukwu itu ukwu" - a nkọ mmalite nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke a backward aku na uba. N'ihi na anyị na-achọ ego. Ha na-e site na ire ọka ná mba ọzọ. Iji nweta ya, ndị ọchịchị malitere requisitioning owuwe ihe ubi si nkịtị. Banyere ime nke a na Vyacheslav Molotov. The biography a functionary na 1930 jupụtara dị iche iche Ajọ Onye na weere ngosipụta. The mbụ dị otú ahụ mgbasa ozi bụ onye agha na Ukrainian ọrụ ugbo.

Ịgba mkpokọta ugbo ike ịnagide ha ozi dị ka ndị mbụ afọ ise atụmatụ maka ọka procurements. Mgbe rutere Moscow gbarụọ akụkọ banyere owuwe ihe ubi nke 1932, ndị Kremlin kpebiri ndokwa a ọhụrụ ife nke ada, oge a ọ bụghị naanị megide kulaks, kamakwa obodo party nhazi idi ọrụ ha. Ma ndị a jikoro agaghị azọpụta Ukraine aguu.

The abụọ onye na steeti

Mgbe mbibi nke kulaks mkpọsa ulo oru a ọhụrụ agha, nke e gara site Molotov. USSR si ya inception nwere kemgbe ihe authoritarian ala. Stalin bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ya entourage ọkọdọ Bibie ọtụtụ nke mmegide na party nke Bolsheviks. Bụ na ihere arụrụ chụpụrụ Moscow, natara obere ọnọdụ nke dị ná mpụga obodo.

Ma mgbe ogbugbu nke Kirov na 1934, Stalin kpebiri iji oge dị ka ihe ngọpụ maka anụ ahụ mbibi nke ndị na-achọghị. Preparations malitere maka ekpughe n'ụlọikpe. Na 1936, ikpe megide Zinoviev na Kamenev hazie. The founders nke Bolshevik Party na-ebo ebubo nke na-ekere òkè a counterrevolutionary Trotskyist nzukọ. Ọ bụ a ọma-zubere nduhie akụkọ. Molotov, n'agbanyeghị ya riri ime, megide n'ụlọikpe. Mgbe ahụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta dara aja na ada. Stalin bụ ike na-na-akwado ya na ego. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Molotov mgbe gbalịrị iji merie ndị sochirinụ ife nke oké ụjọ. Kama nke ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike iso na.

Site na nmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 25 Ndị mmadụ Commissars, na-arụ ọrụ na SNK ke 1935, anwụghị naanị Voroshilov, Mikoyan, Litvinov, Kaganovich na Molotov onwe ya Vyacheslav. Mba, professionalism, onye iguzosi ike n'ihe ka onye ndú - niile a ka furu efu ọ bụla pụtara. N'okpuru ala nke NKVD nwere ike inwe otu. Na 1937, onyeisi oche nke SNK e mere na onye nke plenums nke Central Committee na a diatribe na nke na-akpọku toughen agha megide ndị iro nke ndị mmadụ na-nledo.

Ọ Molotov butere mgbanwe, sotere "Troika" natara ikike ikpe ikpe na-enyo enyo bụ bụghị naanị, ma dum anatara. E mere nke a iji ikwado ọrụ nke ozu. The heyday nke ada mere na 1937-1938 gg., Ebe ndị NKVD na n'ụlọikpe enweghị ike ịnagide eruba n'ime ebubo. Oké ụjọ tụgharịa bụghị nanị na party na-edu ndú. Ọ na-metụrụ n'elu nkịtị nke USSR. Ma Stalin isi onwe chịkwara agadi "Trotskyists", Japanese nledo na ndị ọzọ na ndị sabo. Ịgbaso ndú ka ikpe dabara ihere aku ya isi confidants. Na 1930 Molotov n'ezie bụ nke abụọ onye na steeti. Indicative bụ ukara ememe nke ya 50th ncheta na 1940. Mgbe onyeisi oche nke SNK bụghị nanị natara ọtụtụ ala enọ. Na ya nsọpụrụ n'obodo Perm renamed Molotov.

Ndị mmadụ Commissar maka Foreign Affairs

Ebe ọ bụ na Molotov nọ Politburo, ọ dị ka a agadi Soviet ukara aka na mba ọzọ amụma. Onyeisi oche nke CPC na Ndị mmadụ Commissar maka Foreign Affairs nke USSR Maxim Litvinov mgbe chere na okwu nke mmekọahụ na West, na na .. Na 1939, e nwere a reshuffle. Litvinov ekpe ya post, na Molotov bụ Ndị mmadụ Commissar maka Foreign Affairs. Stalin họpụtara ya dị nnọọ na oge mgbe mba ọzọ amụma ugboro ọzọ na-a ikpebi ihe maka ndụ nke mba ahụ dum.

Nke dujere n'ịkagbu nke Litvinov? Ọ na-kweere na Molotov na a ike bụ ihe adaba maka Secretary-General, dị ka ọ bụ a supporter nke rapprochement na Germany. Ke adianade do, mgbe Scriabin họpụtara Commissar, n'ọfịs ya, a ọhụrụ ife nke ada, nke kwere Stalin tufuo nke na-ekwuchitere mba, adịghị akwado ya mba ọzọ amụma.

Mgbe Berlin matara nke echiche ọjọọ Litvinova, Hitler nyere iwu ya egwuregwu iji chọpụta ihe ndị ọhụrụ na ọnọdụ na Moscow. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1939, Stalin ka obi abụọ, ma n'ikpeazụ, kpebiri ke ndaeyo, ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa na-agbalị ịchọta a nkịtị asụsụ na Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ, na bụghị Britain ma ọ bụ France. On August 23 nke afọ ahụ, ọ bịarutere na Moscow, German Minista mba Joachim von Ribbentrop. Mkparịta ụka na Stalin na Molotov ya na ha nọ. Ha na-agaghị asian banyere ha bu n'uche na ndị ọzọ so Politburo, nke, n'ihi na ihe atụ, emewo ka aghara Voroshilov, bụ onye nọ na oge na-elekọta mmekọahụ France na England. The N'ihi nke mbata nke German mbon ke ama ndị na-abụghị ime ihe ike mmeko. Ọ na-amara dị ka Molotov-Ribbentrop mmeko, ọ bụ ezie na, n'ezie, aha malitere ga-eji ihe e mesịrị ka a kọwara.

The isi akwụkwọ na-agụnye ọzọ nzuzo ogbugba ndu. Dị ka ya oriri, ndị Soviet Union na Germany kewara Eastern Europe n'ime ngalaba nke mmetụta. Ndokwa a kwere Stalin na-amalite a agha megide Finland, annexing na Baltic States, Moldova na Poland. Olee nnukwu bụ onyinye mere ndị a nkwekọrịta Molotov? Non-awakpo mmeko aha mgbe ya aha, ma N'ezie, ihe niile isi mkpebi na-mere site Stalin. Ya Commissar bụ naanị executor nke uche nke onye ndú. Na ọzọ ruo afọ abụọ, ruo mgbe mmalite nke World War II, Molotov mere ukwuu n'ime naanị mba ọzọ amụma.

Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya

Dị ka ya diplomatic ọwa Molotov natara ozi banyere nkwadebe nke Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ maka agha ndị Soviet Union. Ma ọ bụghị itinye mkpa ka a kọrọ, n'ihi na egwu tụrụ nke ihere na akụkụ nke Stalin. Onye Ndú na-etinye na table otu undercover ozi, ma ha jijiji na ya kweere na Hitler ga agaghị anwa anwa na-awakpo ndị USSR.

Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na June 22, 1941 Molotov mgbe ya onyeisi nke ukwuu eju ya ozi na nke nkwupụta nke agha. Ma ya, Stalin gwara ịrụ ya a ma ama okwu, nke e ohuru na redio na ụbọchị nke Wehrmacht ọgụ. N'oge agha Molotov ozi tumadi diplomatic ọrụ. Ọ bụkwa a osote onye nke Stalin na State Defense Kọmitii. Ndị mmadụ Commissar naanị otu ugboro hụrụ onwe ya na n'ihu, mgbe ọ ka e mee nchọpụta ọnọdụ nke bibie na Vyazma arụmọrụ ke n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1941.

na doghouse

Na eve of World War II Molotov dị ka onyeisi oche nke SNK o dochie Stalin onwe ya. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe na udo, nke ndị ahụ commissar nọrọ na ya post na-elekọta mba ọzọ amụma. Ọ abuana ke akpa nzukọ nke UN, na ya mere mgbe gara na United States. Atugharị, ihe anya ọma maka Molotov. Otú ọ dị, na 1949, e jidere ya na nwunye ya Polina Zhemchuzhina. Ọ bụ onye Juu mụrụ, ma onye dị mkpa onye na ndị Juu Antifascist Kọmitii. Dị nnọọ mgbe agha, ndị Soviet Union malitere mgbochi Juu mkpọsa, butere site Stalin onwe ya. Pearl ndammana daba nkume igwe nri nke ya. Ijide Molotov mere nwunye nwa akara.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1949, ọ malitere a Ugboro dochie anya Stalin, bụ ndị malitere mgbu. Otú ọ dị, otu spring functionary Anapụrụ ya post dị ka Commissar. Mgbe XIX Congress nke Party, Stalin ikasiakke ya na ọhụrụ Presidium nke Central Kọmitii. The party malitere anya na Molotov dị ka mmadụ na-aga ibibi. All ihe ịrịba ama na-egosi na mba na-abịa a ọhụrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ elu, yiri onye na-jijiji na Soviet Union ke 1930s. Ugbu a Molotov bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-achọ ịbata na-otop. Dị ka memoirs nke Khrushchev, Stalin mgbe ya agụpụta kwuru n'otu oge banyere ya suspicions na mbụ Ndị mmadụ Commissar maka Foreign Affairs a manyere site ọjọọ Western ọgụgụ isi n'oge ya diplomatic ọzọ na United States.

Mgbe Stalin ọnwụ

Molotov zoputara nani mberede ọnwụ nke Stalin, March 5, 1953. Ya agafe bụ a ujo bụghị naanị maka mba kamakwa ozugbo gburugburu ebe obibi. Site na nke a oge Stalin ghọrọ a chi, onye ọnwụ ike ikweta. The ndị mmadụ na e nwere na asịrị ahụ Molotov nwere ike dochie onye ndú dị ka isi nke ala. Ọ mmetụta ude ya, nakwa dị ka ogologo oge na-arụ ọrụ na agadi ọnọdụ.

Ma Molotov ọzọ ekwughị na-edu ndú. "The mkpokọta ike" ọzọ họpụtara ya Minister nke Ọzọ Affairs. Molotov akwado Khrushchev na ya entourage na onye agha na Beria na Malenkov. Otú ọ dị ịda otu kere nnọọ ogologo. The party J.Randall ntighari esemokwu banyere ihe ndị mba ọzọ iwu. Karịsịa nnukwu bụ ajụjụ nke mmekọahụ Yugoslavia. Ke adianade do, Molotov, Voroshilov na Khrushchev kwupụtara jụrụ n'elu ya mkpebi na mmepe nke na-amaghị nwoke ala. Gara bụ ụbọchị mgbe naanị otu ndú na mba. Khrushchev nwere, n'ezie, enweghị a iri òkè nke ike, nke bụ Stalin. Enweghị nke ngwaike ibu mesịrị duje ya agaghịzi.

Ma tupu na na idu ndú ya ọnọdụ goodbye Molotov. Na 1957, ọ teamed na Kaganovich na Malenkov na-akpọ mgbochi party otu. Nzube nke bụ agha ka a Khrushchev onye zubere arụkwaghịm. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ na kasị ike ida ịtụ vootu otu. Sochiri a rematch nke usoro. Molotov furu efu ya post dị ka mba ọzọ ozi.

adịbeghị anya

Mgbe 1957, Molotov ẹkenịmde obere ọchịchị posts. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ nochiteburu anya Mongolia. Mgbe akatọ ya mkpebi XXII Congress achụpụ party na zitere n'ime ezumike nká. Molotov iso ifịk ifịk ruo mgbe ikpeazụ. Dị ka a onwe onye, o dere na bipụtara akwụkwọ na isiokwu. Na 1984, ama otu agadi nwoke bụ ike nweta mweghachi nke Communist Party.

Na 1980, onye na-ede uri bụ Felix Chuev bipụtara mkparịta ụka ya na mastodon nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Soviet. Dị ka ihe atụ, nwa nwa Vyacheslav Molotov, onye ọkà mmụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Vyacheslav Nikonov ghọrọ onye dere akwụkwọ nlezianya na ihe omumu banyere akụkọ ndụ Soviet. Onye nke mbụ na steeti ahụ nwụrụ na 1986 mgbe ọ dị afọ 96.