Watershed - a ... Types of watersheds. River efere nke Volga - ndị kasị ibu Europe

Mmiri na - a echiche, nke na-na-arụsi ọmụmụ nke sayensị nke Hydrology. Gịnị bụ nke kachasi mkpa na pụtara echiche nke ọkà mmụta sayensị? Olee ụdị watersheds iche ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị? Azịza ajụjụ ndị a na - na anyị isiokwu.

Watershed - bụ ... Definition

On mbara ala anyị, ọtụtụ iri puku osimiri. Ma onye ọ bụla nke ha na-anakọta mmiri si otu ebe. Mmiri na - bụ ihe e chepụtara echepụta akara mmasị na n'ala. Tupu anyị kọwaa ọdịdị zuru oke nke a echiche kwesịrị maara na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ ala. Ndị a bụ ndị abụọ hydrological echiche: osimiri usoro na osimiri efere.

The osimiri usoro - bụ mmiri usoro, nke bụ ihe isi osimiri-ya nile tributaries. N'okpuru osimiri efere ya na-pụtara na ebe nke niile mmiri (ma elu ma na nzuzo)-agbakọ a akpan akpan osimiri usoro. Ugbu a, i nwere ike inye a ezi uche ma doo anya na definition nke osimiri Watershed.

Mmiri na - a akara delimiting gbara agbata obi osimiri efere. Ugwu ugwu ma ọ bụ ugwu ugwu ebe ọ na-kwupụtara n'ụzọ doro anya karị, na mbara ọzara - bụ na-adịghị ike. Na ugwu nke Watershed edoghi mgbe na-agba ọsọ n'okporo crests na ridges. A bụrụ na mmiri na ọdịda sogide dị iche iche n'akụkụ abụọ nke crest (na-abụghị n'akụkụ).

N'ime ala ala Watershed nwere ike owụt n'ụzọ doro anya na enyemaka. Ọzọkwa, ebe ndị a ya akara pụrụ ọbụna a obibi na one direction ma ọ bụ ọzọ oge na-aga ma ọ bụ na dabere na oge.

The isi ụdị nke watersheds

Mmiri na kewara ndị efere dị iche iche oké osimiri ma ọ bụ e ebe nke ihe n'ime obodo runoff, a na-akpọ continental. Ihe atụ, na America, a akara-agba tinyere ndị kasị elu ridges na ọnụ ọnụ nke Cordillera na Andes.

Na Europe, ihe ndị kasị mkpa watersheds bụ Alps, Scandinavian Mountains, nakwa dị ka Valdai Hills. N'ime ikpeazụ landforms sitere si atọ isi osimiri: ndị Volga, Dnieper na ndị Western Dvina. Ọ bụla nke na-eburu ya ka mmiri dị iche iche n'oké osimiri - na Caspian, Black na Baltic karị.

Ke adianade do, omenala ịmata ala na elu watersheds. Onye mbụ ekewapụ ala mmiri catchments, na nke abụọ - elu. Na ha adịghị mgbe niile na-adaba na onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, echiche nke ndị Watershed na-eji ịmata onye isi iche nke ụwa enyemaka. Ka ihe atụ, Orinoco - a osimiri na bụ a Watershed n'etiti ndị Guiana Highlands na Andes na South America. Otú ọ dị, nke a sụgharịa bụ kpamkpam ezi si ele ihe anya nke hydrological sayensị.

The ọmụmụ nke watersheds

The ọmụmụ nke ot topographic edoghi akọwara n'elu bụ nke dị oké na nkà mmụta sayensị na ihe dị mkpa. Karịsịa mgbe ọ na-abịa ifịk mmepe nke mmadụ ala ohere.

Ya mere, mgbe emebe àkwà mmiri, dams ma ọ bụ ike osisi na osimiri, ị dị nnọọ mkpa ka nwere ihe echiche na-esi agafe Watershed akara na a akpan akpan mpaghara. Ọzọ ihe, a zuru ezu na-amụ watersheds na atụmatụ nke nnukwu ọdọ. Nke a bụ mkpa iji n'ụzọ ziri ezi gbakọọ karịa ego nke nwere ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-esite ndochi.

Volga osimiri efere na ya Watershed

Volga - kasị osimiri usoro ke Europe, nke na-agụnye ihe karịrị 150 puku ọwa mmiri: osimiri, perennial ma ọ bụ intermittent iyi. Catchment ebe nke osimiri enyene a nnukwu ebe - 1,36 nde square mita. km. Nke a na ebe bụ yiri na size na mba ndị dị ka Peru na Mongolia. N'ime osimiri efere nke Volga emi odude 30 Russian n'ógbè, otu mpaghara nke Kazakhstan na ọtụtụ nke isi obodo (dị ka Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Orel, Kazan, Astrakhan, Perm, na ndị ọzọ).

Volga Watershed agbaba tinyere Central Russian upland na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ugwu nta nke Northern ridges n'ebe ugwu, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mkpọda nke Ural Mountains, Upland General Sirt na ndị Caspian larịị n'ebe ndịda.