Yak-9: e ji mara na tụnyere analogues

Yak-9 - fighter-bombu, na-enyere site na Soviet Union site na 1942 ruo 1948. Ọ na-e mepụtara òtù nke Tupolev Design Bureau na ghọọ ihe ndị kasị oke Soviet fighter n'ọgbọ agha nke World War II. Na afọ isii nke mmepụta fọrọ nke nta 17,000 depụtaghachiri ha wuru. Taa, anyị ga-amụta otú ekele na e ji mara nke a nlereanya na-ịga nke ọma otú.

History nke Yak-9 fighter

Nke a ugbo elu bụ n'ihi nke Yak-7 modernization na ndị ọzọ bụzi ihe mgbe ochie Yak-1. Si ele ihe anya nke imewe, ọ bụ ka mma version of Yak-7. Hibere, na Yak-9 bụ fọrọ nke nta yiri ka ya ụzọ, ma ọ bụghị na ọ bụ ihe zuru okè. Mgbe na-eke ụgbọelu ejikwara fọrọ nke nta abụọ afọ ahụmahụ na mmepụta na ọgụ nrigbu nke Yak-1 nlereanya. Ke adianade do, na oge nke ihe e kere eke nke a ọhụrụ ụgbọelu nwere ohere wider were duralumin kama ná mmalite nke agha, mgbe Soviet ụlọ ọrụ na-eru ma a ihe onwunwe. Iji duralumin enye budata belata uka Ọdịdị. Ndibọhọ kilogram injinia a pụrụ iji dịkwuo mmanụ ụgbọala esenyịn, echichi nke ọzọ dị ike na ngwá agha ma ọ bụ ihe iche iche pụrụ iche akụrụngwa.

Agha Yak-9 bụ a kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi inyeaka Soviet Air Force n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Na 1944, a igwe e ji mee na ọtụtụ nsụgharị na nke dị n'ihu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbipụta nke niile alụso ndị na-na na oge na ọrụ na Soviet Union. Chegodị: na Novosibirsk osisi nọmba 153 kwa ụbọchị na-emepụta 20 nke ndị a ugbo elu! E wezụga nke a enterprise, fighter emepụta na Moscow osisi № 82 na Omsk osisi № 166.

The ugbo elu were akụkụ niile arụmọrụ nke Soviet Air Force, na-amalite Agha nke Stalingrad. All nsụgharị nke fighter (na e nwere ndị a otutu) n'ezoghị ụgbọ elu na oru e ji mara na-enweghị arụmọrụ ntụpọ na-eme ka ihe mberede. Na nke a, na ugbo elu imewe bụ nnọọ mfe ma na-emegharị ka ngwa ngwa mmepụta ke n'oge agha. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke ihe n'ihi na mmepụta nke arụpụtara na-na saịtị mgbakọ.

imewe

Mmalite Yak-9 fighter natara moto M na a ịghasa-105PF VISH-61P. The prototype maka nlereanya a jere ozi dị ka Yak-7DI. Isi iche n'etiti ọhụrụ nlereanya si precursor bụ: ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala, belata si 500 na 320 kg; ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, belata si 4 2; ọkọnọ nke mmanụ belatara site 50 ruo 30 n'arọ; enweghị bọmbụ racks maka mpụga nkwusioru bombs.

Si ele ihe anya nke na ngwá agha, Yak-9 emeghị si dị iche na nke bu ya ụzọ, otu ShVAK egbe na otu egbe WCD. N'ihi ala mmepụta ụkpụrụ na obere tiri akara nke Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke ugbo elu, dị ka tụnyere ntọhapụ nke nwere ahụmahụ, ụgbọ elu ibu nlereanya mụbara 2870-2875 n'arọ.

Soviet fighter Yak-9 gbanwere ọnọdụ ọma na dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ. Na agha na verticals o nwere ike na-aga na ọdụ nke onye iro Mu-109F n'ụzọ nkịtị mgbe mbụ n'aka. Na agha na horizontals maka a yiri nghogbu bụ ezuru 3-4 ibe.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1943, n'ihi enweghị development nke rụpụta technology, ọtụtụ ụgbọala n'oge ụgbọ elu mebiri na osisi panelingi nke nku. Nkwarụ na-tutu amama dị ka ha na-aghọ dị site pụrụ iche ìgwè ndị injinia. Na mmepụta nke e mesịrị mgbanwe nke Yak-9 fighter, a nyochaa nke nke e nyere n'okpuru ebe a, nsogbu ahụ na-kpamkpam tutu amama.

ọgụ ọrụ

The mbụ Yak-9 alụso a gbapụtara ka n'ihu na njedebe nke 1942 na so na agha nke Stalingrad. Na 1943, n'oge mbụ uka deliveries, a chọpụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke flaws na e tutu amama site mmezi crews tupu Kursk agha - mbụ, nke na-alụso nke nlereanya-eji na a dị ịrịba ama ọtụtụ. Ná mmalite nke agha Yak-9, na mgbakwunye na nke Yak-1 na Yak-7 eji 5 fighter ugbo elu nkewa, otu onye nke bụ-eche ha nche. Ná ngwụsị nke July 1943 na Kursk ntopute bịara 11 Air agha, nke gụnyere atọ regiments nke Yak-9.

Ọbụna ihe mbụ efe n'elu ọgụ, ọ bịara doo anya na Yak-9 na-ọma-achịkwa ma na gbanwere ọnọdụ, ma ndị na-agba na mgwo agha ọ conceded ugbo elu batman 109G na Fw 190A.

Version nke Yak-9T natara qualitative kara n'elu isi si ele ihe anya nke ngwá agha. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ show-YAK 9 nọrọ na otu mmeri iro ụgbọelu nkezi caliber projectiles 20 147 mm, na Yak-9T - 37 nke 31-mm projectile. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ regiments ndị agha Yak-9T bụ 133rd GIAP. Ụgbọ elu, burugodị na 37-millimeter egbe ala, e ji ịga nke ọma, ọbụna megide onye iro armored ugbo ala na ụgbọ mmiri.

Ọrụ nke a fighter ụgbọelu na ezigbo ọgụ Yak-9 gosiri na-abawanye na mmanụ ụgbọala ọkọnọ ọtụtụ mgbe impractical. Ngafe mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ụgbọ dị arọ nke nwere a ọjọọ utịp ke survivability nke igwe. Ya mere cantilever tankị mgbe emechi na plọg. O sina dị, e nwere mkpa ka iwelie elu nso ụfọdụ ji nke agha. Ya mere, na August 1944, otu ìgwè nke 12 ugbo elu version nke Yak-9DD esonyere ibu ụgbọ elu si Italy na Yugoslavia. Ke adianade do, Yak-9DD e me ka duruo atụ bọmbụ "n'oge Frentik" ọrụ na 1944.

Ebe ọ bụ na December 1944 Yak-9b nlereanya agha na 130 nke Agha Division, na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Third Byelorussian Front. A elu Yak-9PD e zigara ogwe akụkụ Moscow VOP. Na October 1944, o mere ya mpụta mbụ n'ọgbọ agha Yak-9U Agha - ọ banyere ọrụ na 163rd Agha ndi agha, na-arụ ọrụ na Baltic States. The ụgbọelu gosiri a nkọ ọgụ nwere ibu nlereanya Yak-9. N'ime ọnwa abụọ nke ule, o keere òkè 18 agha, na-agbapụ ala 28 fighter Fw 190A na otu batman 109G. N'otu oge ahụ e nwere nanị abụọ furu efu Soviet igwe.

Mgbe Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya ebe n'ime akụkụ ikpeazụ, ndị fighter Yak-9, àgwà nke na-ahụ mgbe nile na mma, aghọwo otu n'ime ndị isi Soviet alụso. Nke a ọnọdụ ya nọgidere na n'oge agha afọ. Na September 1946, na ugbo elu nlereanya Yak-9 guru nke 31% nke ndị mejupụtara nke USSR fighter ugbo elu. Mgbe agha, dị iche iche mgbanwe nke ugbo elu na-eji ruo mgbe mmalite nke 1960. Na mgbakwunye na Air Force na naval ụgbọelu nke USSR, ha na-eji site Allied agha. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1943 Yak-9 na Yak-9D banyere ọrụ nke French ndi agha "Normandy". Na September nke ndị na-esonụ afọ e zigara otu fighter Bulgaria, nke kwadoro na mgbochi Hitler mmekota. Na ọdịda 1945 model Yak-9M na Yak-9T ji site Polish ikuku ike na Poland na Northern Germany. Ke adianade do, ugbo elu nke nlereanya guzo na Chinese na ogwe aka, Hungary, Yugoslavia, North Korea na Albania.

Yak-9: nkọwa

Ihe bụ isi version nke ugbo elu na 1942, nwere ndị na-esonụ e ji mara:

1. Ogologo - 8.5 m.
2. Nku-adịru - 9,74 m.
3. Nku Area - 17,15 m ^2.
4. The kpọmkwem ibu na nku - 167 kg / m ^2.
5. Efu arọ nke ugbo elu - 2277 n'arọ.
6. Were-apụ ibu - 2873 n'arọ.
7. Motor ike - 1180 l. a.
8. The kpọmkwem ibu na ike nke - 2,43 kg / l. a.
9. Oke ọsọ na oké osimiri - 520 km / h.
10. The kacha ọsọ na elu - 599 km / h.
11. ịtọ elu nke 5 km - 5.1 min.
12. gbagọrọ agbagọ oge - 15-17.
13. Uru n'uko - 11.100 m.
14. Uru iche - 875 km.
15. Mgwo agha - 1x20 mm ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm UBS.

mgbanwe

N'oge ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị Yak-9 natara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mgbanwe. Ike-gbanwetụrụ na a dịgasị iche iche nke ụdị na nzube ọgụ igwe ghọrọ ya isi mma. The ụgbọelu nwere 22 isi mgbanwe, 15 nke gara usoro. N'oge ọrụ fighter dechara na ise iche iche nke propulsion, mmanụ tankị isii embodiments ndokwa, asaa embodiments ogwe aka ya na abụọ iche iche nke pụrụ iche akụrụngwa. Agha abụọ fundamentally dị iche iche onye ọ bụla ọzọ nku iche: mbuaha na niile na-metal. All nsụgharị e wezụga Yak-9 fighter isi, nke ngosi nke anyị na-ama-atụle, nwere a pụrụ iche index. Ka-esi mata ihe ndị bụ isi mgbanwe nke kpara fighter.

Yak-9D

The mgbanwe dị iche awak 480 kilogram nke ọkọnọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala. The ụgbọelu na-onwem na anọ kama abụọ mmanụ ụgbọala tankị: abụọ mgbọrọgwụ na abụọ console. Na nke a ngwọta, ya elu nso mụbara 1400 km. The mgbanwe e mepụtara site na March 1943 na May 1944. N'oge a, na-ebu rịdata 3068 mbipụta.

Yak-9T

Na nke a mgbanwe, a 20 mm egbe ala dochie 37-mm egbe na mgbọ projectiles 30. N'ihi na eziokwu na ndị ọhụrụ ngwá bụ ogologo, kokpiiti nwere na-akpali azụ 40 cm. Ihe nlereanya na-emepụta si mmiri 1943 na okpomọkụ 1945. 2748 mbipụta e mere maka oge a.

Yak-9K

Nke a version nwere a 45-millimeter egbe NS-45. Iji belata ike nke mmetụta, akụrụngwa 7ts, gbọmgbọm arụnyere na Ekechila ọnụ breeki. Otú ọ dị, mgbe na-agba na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ ụgbọelu tụgharịa, na pilot nwetara ike ịma jijiji. Designers nwere ike ikwu iji gbaa obere achịkwaghị achịkwa atọ gbaa. Nke abụọ volley Yak-9K nwere a arọ nke 5,53 n'arọ. Na oge site na April na June 1944 53 ugbo elu nke a version e kere. Ke kpuchie nke agha ọnwụnwa, ha duziri 51 agha, ọkụkụ 8 ụgbọ elu FW-190A-8 na 4 ugbo elu BF-109G. Na nke a, ọnwụ dị iri na naanị otu fighter. Na otu downed ụgbọelu na nkezi nwere 10 agba nke 45 mm egbe ala. N'ihi na enweghị nke pụrụ ịdabere nke uka mmepụta nke ngwá agha na-adịghị na-gbanwee.

Yak-9TK

The ugbo elu nke a version natara a mesikwuru Ọdịdị nke ụfọdụ nkeji, nakwa dị ka a n'otu Central egbe arịọnụ usoro nke na-enye ohere nnọchi nke ngwaọrụ n'ubi. Agha e mere na nkera nke abụọ nke 1943.

Yak-9M

The ụgbọelu bụ a mmepe nke Yak-9D nlereanya na fuselage nke nlereanya Yak-9T. Ke adianade do, nke a version nwere ọtụtụ ndozi. N'ihi na aerobatic ụgbọ elu e ji mara na ọ bụghị dị iche na Yak-9D. Ma mgbe nke 1944, ndị ugbo elu guzosie ike a ọzọ dị ike engine VK-105PF-2, site na nke na ọ ghọwo ihe ndị ọzọ na-agba na ọnụego nke ọrịrị. Yak-9M aghọwo otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu ụgbọala na nlereanya nso Yak-9 alụso. Photos of a ugbo elu nwere ike ịhụ onye ọ bụla nwere ndị Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. A ngụkọta nke 4239 mbipụta na-emepụta.

Yak-9C

The ụgbọelu e wuru dabeere na Yak-9M wee ahụ engine. N'adịghị ka ihe ndị bụ isi version e kuchiri, gụnyere a 23-millimeter egbe NS-23 na a ụzọ synchronous 20-millimterovyh egbe Bs-20C. N'ihi na nke unsatisfactory pụta nke ala ule ke 1945, nlereanya na-adịghị etinye n'ime Oghere Usoro mmepụta.

Yak-9DD

Na 1944, ihe nlereanya e wuru Tu-2, maka nsuso nke ego na-adịghị ezu ọbụna n'ihi Yak-9D. Ke adianade do, Soviet Union mkpa a ụgbọelu, ụgbọ elu nso nke ga-ekwe ka na-ebu ọgụ arụmọrụ na njikọ na ugbo elu mgbochi Hitler mmekota. A kwesịrị ekwesị nlereanya bụ Yak-9DD. Nwụnye 8 nku tankị mụbara mmanụ ụgbọala ikike nke nlereanya ruo 630 n'arọ. Ke adianade do, instrumentation na nkwurịta okwu na ngwá e gbanwetụrụ iji hụ na nchekwa karịrị anya na na ọjọọ ọnọdụ ihu igwe.

Oke nso Yak-9DD ụgbọ elu bụ 1800 km. Otú ọ dị, ịdị arọ bụ ihe ndekọ nke a na klas nke ugbo elu - 3390 n'arọ. Jikeere fighter bụ ọkọlọtọ n'ihi na ndị ezinụlọ Yak - egbe ala caliber nke 20 mm na 12.7 mm caliber egbe. Yak-9DD mee nnọọ ọtụtụ ebe.

Ná ngwụsị nke oge okpomọkụ nke 1944 otu ìgwè nke 20 ugbo elu gara isi nke òtù, nke dị nso Italian obodo nke Bari iji kwado iga ugbo elu Su-47, nke na-anapụta ibu ka Yugoslavia. Dị ka akụkụ nke ngafe e rụrụ ụgbọ elu ogologo 1,300 km, na akụkụ bụ isi nke anya gabiga n'ókèala ha. The ìgwè mere 150 sorties, nke, n'agbanyeghị enweghị encounters na onye iro ugbo elu, dị nnọọ ukwuu. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na mgbe Su-47 ugbo elu ọdịda na ebutu rụrụ, nsuso alụso atụ anya na ha na ikuku na-zitere azụ. N'ihi na ihe niile oge nke ọrụ ụgbọelu e debara aha ha n'akwụkwọ a otu ọdịda.

Yak-9P

Bụ a mkpụmkpụ-nso nyoputa onyeiro, nke dị iche na nke ndị bụ isi version nke Yak-9, àgwà nke anyị na-ama mara, ọnụnọ nke efe n'elu igwefoto na a free nkewa. Nke a ngwaọrụ-enye gị ohere iji na-agbapụ si a elu nke 300 3000 mita. The abụọ mbipute a mgbanwe dabeere na Yak-9D. Ọ bụghị nanị ngwá maka nyoputa onyeiro, ma ọ bụ karịa na a elu-tech atụmatụ dị ka a dum. Yak-9P mepụtara ha obere obere ma na-eji na ebe ngagharị site ọzọ ụgbọelu na-esi ike ma ọ bụ interfaced na a oké ihe ize ndụ.

I-9b

Agha-bombu Yak-9b e wuru na isi nlereanya 9D. Na ohere n'azụ kokpiiti ọ kwadebere bọmbụ n'ọnụ mmiri esịnede anọ ọkpọkọ, nke nwere ike ịnabata anọ 100-paụnd bọmbụ ma ọ bụ anọ etere, onye ọ bụla nwere 32 mgbochi cumulative bombu. bombu ọnwụnwa malitere na March 1944. Dị ka ihe sorties, na Yak-9b ebibi 29 tankị, 22 armored pesonel ebu, 1.014 moto ugbo ala, 161 nkebi ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụlọ 20 g / d ụgbọ, 7 egbe, 18 locomotives na 4 mmanụ ụgbọala depots. Na ngụkọta, ndị Soviet ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta 109 dị otú ahụ atụ bọmbụ.

Yak-9PD

Nke a interceptor na a moto-105PD M, supercharger na ụba site ọkara otu mita wingspan. Uru n'uko a version bụ 13 100 km. Na 1943, nke dabeere na Yak-9 5 nke ndị a ụgbọala na-emepụta, ma na 1944, nke dabeere na Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

Ná ngwụsị afọ 1943, e kere abụọ alụso n'okpuru designation Yak-9U: otu onwem na a moto M-107A, na ndị ọzọ na - na M-105PF-2. Ke adianade do, imewe na aerodynamics nke isi version a mma. Jikeere ma ụdị adade Central egbe (caliber nke 23 mm maka fighter engine M-105PF-2 na a caliber nke 20 mm maka version na moto M-107A) na a ụzọ nke 12.7 millimterovyh egbe. The results nke ule na Air Force Institute, a variant na a moto M-107A ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị mma nke alụso na nwalere e ebi. Na April 1944, uka mmepụta nke ugbo elu e guzobere. Na ọdịda 1944, n'oge a ikpe ruo ọnwa abụọ na 18 ịlụ ọgụ akwọ gbara ala 27 FW-190A na 1 batman-109G. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere naanị abụọ nwụrụ alụso. The naanị ịrịba mwepu nke igwe bụ obere òkè nke ike osisi.

Yak-9UT

Ọ na-anọchi anya Yak-9U na ike na ogwe aka. Na ụgbọ elu e onwem na atọ egbe: a Central 37-mm na abụọ 20-mm. Massa abụọ salvo nke a fighter bụ n'oge a ndekọ maka USSR - 6 n'arọ. Ebe ke center egbe e jikọtara ọnụ. Na mgbakwunye na nke a 45 mm ngwá, ọ bụ ike dịkwuo arọ nke-abua volley na 9.3 n'arọ. Ndị fọdụrụ nke ụgbọelu a obere dị iche iche si Yak-9U. N'ihi na ọnwa 3 nke Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke nzukọ akara adaha 282 mbipụta. A obere ego nke alụso jisiri na-akụkụ ikpeazụ agha nke agha.

Yak-9 "Express"

Ọ na-anọchi anya a iga ụgbọelu, bụ nke dị n'ihu ọnọdụ nwere ike na-ebu otu njem. Ihe nlereanya na-a ụdị njikọ n'etiti distal na fighter Yak-9DD na ọzụzụ ugbo elu Yak-9b. Na n'azụ ụlọ, kama nke dashboard na njikwa na-arụnyere flooring na panelingi. Na ụgbọ elu e arụpụtara ke otu oyiri n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 1944. Ke nsonso, ọ dịghị mgbe gara.

Yak-9P

The kwalite version nke Yak-9U, ji ọzọ oge a na-ekwurịta okwu na ngwaọrụ na ngwa mma. Mmepụta nlereanya malitere na 1946 na biri na 1948. A ngụkọta nke 801 ugbo elu na-emepụta. Yak-9s nāchi na Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, China na Yugoslavia.

ọgwụgwụ

Taa, anyị na-ele anya na kpara ugbo elu - na Yak-9, nke foto bụ maara ọtụtụ Fans nke ụgbọelu technology. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ihe nlereanya na-emepụta naanị afọ isii, ọ na-ama ama n'ụwa nile site na-echebe ihe karịrị iri na abụọ Soviet obodo si iro mwakpo. Nke a na nkà na ụzụ na mma ugbo elu karịa otu afọ ga-enwe ọtụtụ Fans nke ụgbọelu azụmahịa dị ka akwụkwọ ahụaja na gị na desktọọpụ. Yak-9, nke bụ na nri aka nwere ike ghọọ a zuru okè ikuku egbe, mere a nnukwu onyinye pụta World War II.