YaMZ-238: oru e ji mara. Dizel engines maka arọ ugbo ala

Dizel engines n'ụwa taa na-arụnyere na gwongworo, traktọ, ugbo ugbo ala na traktọ. Domestic ogbo pụrụ ịdabere na mba ọzọ Motors bụ YaMZ-238. Ọ arụnyere na a mara na Usoro dị ka MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, Zil, Don, K-700 na ndị ọzọ na ugbo ala. N'ezie, engine bu n'obi n'ihi na mmepụta nke Minsk Automobile Plant. Ma ka oge na-, m gosipụtara na YaMZ-238 engine onye nkọwa ndị dị elu, bụ ihe kasị mma dizel engine nke USSR na post-Soviet ohere, na ike mfe mpi na a maara nke ọma ụdị ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nwoke na DAF.

Isi

YaMZ 238 anọchi nke ochie YAAZ-Motors 204 na 206. YAAZ e mepụtara na 50s kpara Soviet mmebe Chernyshev GD, nke na-bụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ YaMZ-236.

Nke a engine nwetara ya ewu ewu ruru ha pụrụ ịdabere na ndakọrịta na ọtụtụ ụgbọala na traktọ. Ọ nọwo na afọ 65 ebe ọ bụ na oruru nke mbụ moto, na ewu ewu na nke a engines ka naanị toro. Easy iji rụọ ọrụ, idozi na mmezi mere YaMZ 238 ihe dị oké ngwá ọrụ na ọtụtụ ugbo na-ewu ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ, na-eji ụgbọala ha na a moto.

N'ezie, ruo ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe na iwebata ọhụrụ teknụzụ, a engine natara a otutu mgbanwe, ma ihe owuwu agbanwebeghị, naanị degharịa e mere ka n'ozuzu imewe.

technical e ji mara

Tụlee YaMZ-238 nkọwa moto.

The engine nwere a V nhazi nke cylinders 8 nke mere ndokwa na 2 ahịrị. Valves 16 na-enye ezigbo ntọhapụ ogwu ogbugba. Dị ka 236-m, na pistin ọrịa strok bụ 140 mm, a cylinder dayameta nke 130 mm. Liquid YaMZ engine jụrụ usoro 238 na-enye kacha mmetụta na-adịghị overheat na moto.

The na-arụ ọrụ ibu nke 14,866 lita na ike dị ka mgbanwe nwere ike 235-420 horsepower. YaMZ-238, onye oru e ji mara ekwe na ụfọdụ ịzụlite ikike nke ruo 500 horsepower, guzosie ike ọ bụghị naanị nwere ike ikwu, ma n'ihi na ụgbọala na ndị ọzọ imewe data. Nakwa na ọhụrụ nsụgharị iji turbocharging, na-enye ndị ọzọ obi ike na traction n'oge ọrụ.

ngwaọrụ

Mgbapụta YaMZ-238 - a mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta, nke nwere ike na-akpọ a mmanụ ụgbọala ojii. Ọ na-emi odude ke ida nke ike unit na-enye ya nkụ ka ọ bụla cylinder n'otu n'otu, na ọgwụ a rụrụ ozugbo.

Na engine isi ngọngọ atọrọ abụọ, nke na-mere nke nkedo ígwè. Camshaft ígwè na-arụpụtara site zọ technology. Isi ike unit ka nke nkedo ígwè, na crankshaft ka nke obi tara mmiri workpiece vytachivaniya usoro.

The ọgwụ usoro na-wuru nke mere na pressurized YaMZ imipu 238 anapụta mmanụ ụgbọala na injectors na ịrụ ogwu ogbugba. Mmanụ ụgbọala injection akụrụngwa a engine bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị zuru okè n'ụwa. Pịnye usoro plunger, o nwere a centrifugal ipigide, nke ya onwe ya na-usoro.

Reflux pistons emee elu-ike aluminum, nke na-enye ohere bụghị kụwaa n'okpuru oké braking. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere otu akpụcha mgbanaka na atọ mkpakọ.

YaMZ-238 nkọwa na imewe nke bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na na mfe, nwere a ọrụ ndụ nke 800 puku. Km, na na ekwesị na-elekọta nwere ike nweta 1 nde kilomita.

Echichi na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala

YaMZ 238 onye nkọwa ndị dị elu, nwere ike arụnyere na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala. N'ihi ya, alterations doro gwongworo, ewu na ugbo akụrụngwa. Ka ihe atụ, na YaMZ KAMAZ-238 gosiri nnọọ nke ọma, si otú mbenata mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, n'adịghị ka ndị mbụ Kama moto.

N'ezie, na ọtụtụ ụgbọala anyị na-aghaghị Redo na kpọgide ọcha nke ike unit, setịpụrụ ọzọ nnyefe, ma ọ bụ ziri ezi na N'ezie nke mmezi na idozi.

Ndozi

Engine idozi YaMZ 238 ẹkenịmde zuru ezu mfe ma ọ bụrụ na-enye ya ndị ọkà art. Isi nsogbu bụ search maka akụkụ ahụ mapụtara, ma ọtụtụ na-enye Nsukka ohere ịhọrọ site na a dịgasị iche iche. Na mmalite nke nsogbu mụbara ịnye ọnụahịa iwu, ma na-erughị engines nke mba ọzọ rụpụta.

Tụlee, n'ihi na nke akụkụ ahụ mapụtara na-agbanwe ọzọ mgbe mgbe na-eme isi Ndozi, nke dabara YaMZ-238. Nkọwa na nke a, kwa, na-egwu a dị nnọọ mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọgbọ nke moto, ya mere e nwere ụfọdụ ndiiche. Ya mere, anyị na-depụta akụkụ ahụ mapụtara ndepụta:

1. Oil akàrà crankshaft na camshaft.
2. Iburu na / aro.
3. Gilzokomplekty (plunger mkpịsị aka aka uwe, mgbanaka).
4. ejikọta mkpanaka bushings.
5. Valves iyuzucha na uzo mmiri.
6. Valvụ oche.
7. Guide bushings.
8. Oil akàrà valves.
9. Inserts amaala na ejikọta mkpara.
10. Nzacha.
11. Mmanụ.
12. Gasket.
13. Na ndị ọzọ na obere akụkụ.

Mgbe Ndozi na-na- cylinder ngọngọ na crankshaft bụ isiokwu n'okpuru nwughari mụụrụ nha, na cylinder n'isi n'ala ụgbọelu. The nkezi na-eri nke isi Ndozi YaMZ-238 bụ banyere 80000-100000 rubles, dabere na mpaghara na họrọ akụkụ ahụ mapụtara. Ọ bụ dị ọnụ ala karịa ịzụ a ọhụrụ engine.

ọrụ

Ijere YaMZ-238 (onye nkọwa nwere nnukwu pụta) nnọọ mfe. N'ihi ya, mgbe nnọchi nke mmanụ na nzacha ga-bụghị naanị ịzụlite a jupụtara ndụ, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, gafee ya. Tụlee ihe mkpa ka a gbanwee na mgbe Mot:

• The mmanụ na olu nke 25 lita. Nke ahụ bụ otú ihe na-wụsara n'ime engine. Itunanya bu na, a ezigbo dizel n'ígwè ọmụmụ dị ka M10G2K na M10DM.
• Oil iyo. Dabere na imewe na mgbanwe ya nwere ike ịbụ nke dị iche iche nha na ụdị.
• Mmanụ ụgbọala nzacha na-eji dochie a kwesịrị, n'ihi na àgwà nke anụ ụlọ mmanụ ụgbọala ogbenye.
• Mmezi ngwa iwu Ntụ na ezi manu-ọcha.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-agụ nke injectors na na elu nsogbu mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta.