Zaporizhzhya sich - a Cossack Republic

Zaporizhzhya sich - a wusiri ike cell nereestrovogo Zaporozhye agha (ala) na nkera nke abụọ nke XVI na njedebe nke XVIII narị afọ. Ọ dị n'azụ rapids nke Dnieper n'àgwàetiti Khortytsya. Ya kere bụ kwalite maka igba nke Ukrainian Cossacks. Zaporizhzhya sich ike-enwe mmetụta guzobe nke njirimara nke Cossacks na nzọrọ nke nzukọ ha Ọdịdị. Zọpụta ozi na asaa Sechah na anọgide alternated. Anyị na-agbalị ịghọta ihe ndị ọzọ mmetụta na N'ezie nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere Zaporizhzhya sich, ihe ọ bụ na ihe mere o kere.

ngwaọrụ

Zaporizhzhya sich - a agwaetiti ebe e wusiri ike, nke gbara ya gburugburu site na ramparts na palisades. Tinyere ndị perimeta e nwere egbe. N'etiti akụ nwere a sara mbara, nke guzo ọnu-aṅụ sịga n'ogige ebe Cossack Zaporozhtzi bi. N'ebe ha mara ụlọikwuu ha na-ekwughachi ọtụtụ puku. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ruru ọtụtụ iri puku. Na-adịgide adịgide-arụ ọrụ aha ya bụ Kosh. Na ókèala ọ bụkwa a na chọọchị, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ nke agadi ọchịchị, agha na outbuildings. Sich a temple nke Nsọ Virgin na ndị ụkọchukwu ebutere ka Kiev-Mezhyhirska Archimandrite. Ihe na-emeghe ohere nso chọọchị bụ ebe a na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ nke Zaporozhye Sech. E duziri councils na mgbakọ.

N'ihi na akụ bụ a bazaa, ebe ndị ahịa wee na àkù-ha. Sich ere ha na ngwaahịa e. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụ a egwuregwu, azụ. Zaporizhzhya sich - a n'ókèala na mbụ kpamkpam free nke ike nke landlords. Nwenụ na serfs anọghị n'ebe ahụ. Na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti sechevikov wuru bụghị site na mbụ mmanye, kama na a contractual ndabere. Nwoke ọ bụla bụ free. The n'elu nke Zaporizhzhya sich, N'ezie, ihe ùgwù. Senior isi-enwekarị nwe nnukwu oyi, mmiri mills, ehi na ìgwè ehi na na. N.

nhoputa ọchịchị

Zaporizhzhya sich - a paramilitary nzukọ a doro anya hierarchy nke ike. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na onye ọ bụla bụ free Cossack, na-elekọta mmadụ dị iche iche ka na-adị. Rich sagenti rubere isi uka nke ogbenye sechevikov. N'etiti klas iche iche bụ a oyi akwa nke obere nwe - n'etiti òtù. Si n'etiti ndị ọgaranya Cossacks họpụtara na-ewu ewu votu n'ọnụ, nke na-elekwasị anya ndutịm ike n'aka-ha. O duru ndị agha ma na-achịkwa ego na-anọchi anya Sitch na diplomatic mmekọahụ.

N'agbanyeghị nri votu nke ọ bụla Cossack foreman fọrọ nke nta mgbe chọrọ mma mkpebi maka onwe ha. Zaporizhzhya sich - bụ agụmakwụkwọ, nke a na-akpọ Cossack Republic.

Sich otu e kewara ise siga. The ikike kasị bụ Cossack Council, nke degaara ndị kasị dị mkpa. Ọ niile wee akụkụ sich. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ hoputara ataman. Rada na otu nwere ike wepu ya site na ụlọ ọrụ. Na sechevikov o nwere ya n'ụlọikpe. E a koodu nke ikpe na n'usoro iwu. Na-ezu ohi site na ibe, insubordination na mkparị kwupụta elu iwu, maka mmeko nwoke na nke nwanyi n'oge mkpọsa (n'ebe ha mara ụlọikwuu na e nweghị ndị inyom), sodomy na ndị ọzọ na mmejọ nwere ike ịbụ a mkpebi ikpe ida ha isi.

guzobere

Zaporizhzhya sich - a ebe a otutu anya ugwo akụziri. Maka ụmụaka Cossack ụlọ akwụkwọ ejikwara site ụka. E a kụziiri ha ịgụ ihe na ide music, na-abụ abụ, na ndị ọzọ. Ọzọ egosi omenala mmepe nke sich bụ a nkwanye ùgwù na akwụkwọ, nke e weere nke bara oké uru. Imeli ịzụta ha nwere ike naanị ndị bara ọgaranya Cossacks. Akwụkwọ a na-atụle otu n'ime onyinye ndị kasị mma. Ọ na-kweere na mbido nke okwu "tie" - Slavic. Ọ bụ a emepụta nke "ebekasị" - a agha, a agha na mma-agha. Okwu "tie" maka Ukrainian Cossacks e nwere njikọ chiri ka ha e wusiri ike na n'àgwàetiti Khortytsya na n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-otu ụlọ.

Movies Cossacks

Zaporozhtsy rụrụ oké osimiri na ala hiking okporo osisi, Turks, Tatar Muscovite. N'ihi na Russia na Poland sich bụ ogologo oge ma n'otu oge ga-adaba adaba counterweight mgbochi megide Crimea Tatars na Turks. Otú ọ dị, nnwere onwe na-ahụ n'anya Cossacks ndị na-esikarị na-alụ agha na ha. Maka Ukrainian peasantry, nke e-emegbu emegbu n'okpuru yoke nke okporo osisi, na sich ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya nke na-alụso ndị mmegbu.

Zaporozhtsy ada niile oru ugbo nnupụisi megide ndị Polish gentry. Ha bụ ndị agha na ndị na-anya ụgbọ ike. The Army-azọ ije Cossacks adịkwaghị agha. Na oké osimiri, ha wee na obere ụgbọ mmiri - a na-akpọ tii. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha chọpụtara 50-70 agha. Tutu nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ wee ataman na a ọkọlọtọ. Kwa Cossack e burugodị na a mma-agha, o nwere ihe abụọ egbe, rụrụ isii pound nke gunpowder, ntọala maka yiri agụ nkwọ, na-ebupụ a Nuremberg Quadrant maka nghazi.

The liquidation nke sich

Mgbe Russian-Turkish n'agha nke XVIII narị afọ, nke na Cossacks nwekwara wee akụkụ n'akụkụ nke Russia, e weghaara Crimea na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri e meriri. The ozugbo n'ihe ize ndụ site Turks na Tatars alaeze ukwu ihe okụrede. Na n'otu oge ahụ, e nwere a na-agbawa obi nnupụisi nke Pugachev, nke ukwuu egwu Catherine II. Echefuola na ya geopolitical uru Zaporizhzhya sich na ya nweere onwe ya maka onye na-achị a nwere isi iyi nke ihe ize ndụ. Ihe ndị a mere ka ya liquidation. Mgbe kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike na Khortitsa ọtụtụ ndị Cossacks e birighachi na Kuban na Don.