Abịa na ngwaọrụ: nzube na ụkpụrụ nke na-ewu

Na-amu amu omume mgbe ọ bụghị na o kwere omume izute mpi nke input impedance bụ hà ji mara impedance nke ndị feeder na mmepụta impedance nke transmitter. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu uru ịchọpụta otú ahụ nnabata bụ ekwe omume, otú i mkpa iji pụrụ iche na kenha ngwaọrụ. An poolu feeder, na-mejupụtara a transmitter mmepụta na otu usoro, nke na-ume na-ebute site ná enweghị ihe ọ bụla na ọnwụ.

Olee otú ime ya?

Na-aghọta nke a a kama mgbagwoju nsogbu, ọ dị mkpa iji a kenha ngwaọrụ isi ihe abụọ ebe - a njikọ mgbe na poolu feeder, na-a mgbe ebe feeder na jikọọ na mmepụta nke transmitter. The kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na taa natara pụrụ iche mgbanwe ngwaọrụ site oscillating resonant na sekit na sekit na-agwụcha coaxial nkesa na-wuru dị ka iche iche agba nke a coaxial USB nke chọrọ ogologo. All ndị a na ngwaọrụ na-eji maka abịa impedance kenha, nke-enye gị ohere-emecha iwelata ngụkọta weere na nnyefe akara na, ọzọ ihe, belata nke gbalaga radieshon.

Eguzogide ma na ya atụmatụ

Na karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikpe mmepụta impedance bụ ọkọlọtọ na oge a brọdband transmitters bụ 500 m. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime coaxial cable na-eji dị ka feeder na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site a ọkọlọtọ uru nke ife impedance nke 50 ma ọ bụ 750 mita. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle poolu nke kenha ngwaọrụ nwere ike ji mee, dabere na imewe na ụdị bụ input eguzogide nwere a zuru ezu dịgasị iche iche nke ụkpụrụ, sitere na site ọtụtụ ohms na efu Vai ọtụtụ narị ma ọ bụ ọbụna karị.

Ọ maara na na-alụbeghị di-mmewere antennas, ndenye impedance na resonance ugboro bụ n'ụzọ ọrụ ike ma si otú ahụ ọzọ na transmitter ugboro dị iche n'ebe resonance na ndị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ aka, nke ukwuu ga-reactive akụrụngwa nke inductive ma ọ bụ capacitive ụdị na input impedance nke ngwaọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, multiple antennas nwere ndenye impedance na resonant ugboro, nke nwere a mgbagwoju agwa site na eziokwu na na usoro nke na guzobe nke reactive akụrụngwa nke onyinye mere site iche iche n'ezinụlọ ọcha.

Ọ bụrụ na ndenye impedance na-ezo aka n'ọrụ, ọ nwere ike dị ná mma na-eguzogide iji pụrụ iche na kenha ngwaọrụ poolu. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọnwụ ebe a bụ fọrọ negligible. Otú ọ dị, ozugbo input eguzogide ga-amalite na-etolite na reactive akụrụngwa, usoro nke ihu ọma bụ ihe mgbagwoju, na ga mkpa na-eji ihe na ọzọ ọkaibe kenha ngwaọrụ poolu, ekwe omume nke nke ga-hụ ụgwọ nke na-achọghị reactivity, ma dọba ya ga kpọmkwem na isi ike. Ọ bụrụ na responsiveness na-adịghị ụgwọ atụrụ n'ihi na, nke a nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na SWR na feeder, nakwa dị ka budata dịkwuo kpam kpam.

Ka m nwere na-eme nke a?

Agbali zuru ezu ụgwọ reactivity ke ala njedebe nke feeder bụ ọma n'ihi na ole e ji mara nke ngwaọrụ. Ọ bụla ukpụhọde nke transmitter ugboro n'ime ókè nke warara òkè amu amu ìgwè emecha adịghị eduga ka ọdịdị nke ịrịba reactive akụrụngwa, si otú na-ebilite mkpa ya ugwo. Ọzọkwa uru arịba ama bụ na nri imewe nke multiple antennas na-enyekwa a nnukwu reactive akụrụngwa Inwe ihe input eguzogide na-adịghị achọ ya ụgwọ.

Na ikuku, ị nwere ike ezi mgbe chọta dị iche iche arụmụka banyere ọrụ na nzube nke nkwenye maka poolu ngwaọrụ ( "ogologo waya" ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ụdị) na usoro nke na negotiating na ya transmitter. Ụfọdụ dina n'elu ya ezi elu-enwe olileanya, ebe ndị ọzọ nanị tụlee nkịtị ji egwuri egwu. Ọ bụ ya mere i kwesịrị kwesịrị ịghọta ihe-enyere poolu tuner, na ebe ya iji ga-n'ekpere.

Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

N'ụzọ bụ isi, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta n'ụzọ ziri ezi na tuner bụ a elu ugboro transformer impedances, adịru oge ọ ga-ekwe omume iji chefuo inductive reactance ma ọ bụ capacitive ụdị, ọ dị mkpa. Ị pụrụ ịtụle mfe atụ:

Kewaa vibrator nke nwere a resonance ugboro na ndenye impedance ifịk n'ogo nke 700 m, mgbe ọ na-eji a coaxial cable ka a transmitter na-enwe otu input impedance nke banyere 500 m. Tuners na-setịpụrụ na transmitter mmepụta, na a na ọnọdụ ga-abụ maka A ma ọ bụ mpi (gụnyere "ogologo cable") abịa ngwaọrụ n'etiti transmitter na feeder, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ike idi ya isi ọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na n'ihu mmegharị jide transmitter ugboro nke dị iche na resonant ugboro nke na poolu, na nke a, ndị input ngwaọrụ nwere ike inweta ndị na-eguzogide reactivity, nke ahụ fọrọ nke nta ozugbo amalite na-egosipụta onwe na ala njedebe nke feeder. Na nke a, a kenha ngwaọrụ "P" nke ọ bụla na usoro ga-enwe ike iji chefuo maka ya, na-enweta transmitter azụ itinye n'ọnọdụ na feeder.

Gịnị ga-eme ná ụzọ ọpụpụ, ebe feeder na jikọọ na poolu?

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji tuner naanị na mmepụta nke transmitter, na nke a na-enwe ike inye akwụcha ụgwọ, na ngwaọrụ ga-amalite na-enweta dị iche iche na losses, dị ka ga-adị ugbu a n'ụzọ zuru ezu ezi kenha. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, ị ga-mkpa na-eji ọzọ, jikọọ n'etiti poolu na feeder ga n'ụzọ zuru ezu dozie ọnọdụ na-enye ụgwọ reactivity. Na nke a atụ na-feeder-eme dị ka a achikota nnyefe akara na-enwe ihe aka ike ogologo.

ihe atụ ọzọ

The loop mpi, nke nwere ifịk input impedance atọrọ banyere 1100 m, ọ dị mkpa iji na-ekweta na a nnyefe akara 50 ohms. Na mmepụta nke transmitter na nke a nwere a uru nke 500 m.

E ga-mkpa iji a kenha ngwaọrụ poolu ma ọ bụ transceiver, nke ga-arụnyere na ebe ndị feeder na jikọọ na mpi. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu uru ọtụtụ Fans ahọrọ iji ụdị ọ bụla nke RF nkesa onwem na ferrite cores, ma n'ezie na ihe adaba ngwọta bụ Nlụpụta coaxial nkeji iri na ise-efegharị efegharị transformer, nke nwere ike si na a ọkọlọtọ 75 ohm USB.

Olee otú iji mejuputa a?

The ogologo ga-gbakọọ usoro eji cable ogologo A / 4 * 0,66, ebe A na-anọchi anya wavelength na shortening ọnụọgụ nke 0,66 na-eji maka mkpa nke kasị oge a coaxial Gịnị. HF poolu abịa unit na nke a ga-ejikọrọ n'etiti 50-ohm input feeder na poolu, na ọ bụrụ na ha nọ coils na a dayameta nke 15 na 20 cm, nke ikpe ọ ga-eme ihe dị ka a balun. The feeder ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akpaghị aka na akara na transmitter, nakwa dị ka hara nhata nke ha na-eguzogide, na a na ọnọdụ ya ga-ekwe omume kpamkpam ahapụ ọkọlọtọ poolu tuner ọrụ.

ọzọ nhọrọ

N'ihi na nke a atụ, tụlee otu ihe kacha kenha usoro - na-enyemaka nke a multiple ọkara-efegharị efegharị ma ọ bụ ọkara-efegharị efegharị coaxial cable, ụkpụrụ, na ihe ọ bụla ife eguzogide. Ọ na-gụnyere n'etiti tuner, bụ nso transmitter na mpi. Na nke a, na ọsọ ọsọ na-eguzogide nke mpi, na-enwe a uru n'ogo nke 110 ohms, na-agafere na cable ala ọgwụgwụ, whereupon, eji mpi tuner bụ gbanwee na impedance 500 m. Na nke a na-enye zuru ezu itinye n'ọnọdụ nke transmitter na mpi, na feeder na-eji dị ka a repeater .

Na ọzọ n'oké ikpe, mgbe input impedance nke poolu na-adịghị mkpa ka e ji mara impedance nke feeder, nke, n'aka, adabaghị na mmepụta impedance nke transmitter achọ nkwenye nke HF poolu ngwaọrụ ke ego nke abua. Na nke a onye na-eji n'elu iji nweta harmonization nke feeder na mpi, mgbe ọzọ na-enye ndị na nchikota nke feeder na transmitter na ala. Na nke a, ọ dịghị ụzọ ọ bụla ọ na kenha ngwaọrụ gị aka, nke nwere ike iji na dakọtara na onye nke dum yinye.

Ntoputa nke reactivity ga-eme ka ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju anya. Na nke a, kenha ngwaọrụ HF ìgwè ga budata melite nchikota nke transmitter na feeder, si otú enye ịrịba ọrụ enyemaka nke ikpeazụ ogbo, ma n'ime ha na-adịghị oké ọnụ ahịa na-eche. N'ihi na eziokwu na feeder bụ mismatched na poolu, ọnwụ ga-abụ, ya mere arụmọrụ nke ngwaọrụ bụ ala. Ọrụ SWR mita arụnyere n'etiti tuner na transmitter, enye fixation SWR = 1, na n'etiti feeder na tuner nke a pụrụ isi kwuo ya ga-arụ ọrụ iji nweta, dị ka e nwere mismatch.

ọgwụgwụ

Tuner uru bụ na ọ na-enye gị ohere iji nọgide na-otu ezigbo transmitter mode ini ọrụ na unmatched ibu. Ma a na-apụghị-enweta ọ bụla mma na arụmọrụ nke poolu (gụnyere "ogologo waya") - a kenha enweghị ike ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ misaligned na feeder.

P-akaghị, nke na-eji na mmepụta ogbo nke transmitter nwekwara ike-eji dị ka ihe na poolu tuner, naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ugbu a na-ịkpa mgbanwe nke inductance nke ọ bụla akpa. Na karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikpe ma ntuziaka na na akpaka tuners anọchi anya tunable resonant ngwe ngwaọrụ, n'agbanyeghị ma na ha na-aga ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ onye kpebiri ime ka a kenha ngwaọrụ poolu gị aka. Na ntuziaka, e nwere abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ usoro iwu mmewere, na ha na-agaghị expediting ọrụ, mgbe akpaka bụ oké ọnụ, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị isi ike nke na-eri pụrụ nnọọ elu.

Broadband kenha ngwaọrụ

Nke a tuner-emezu ihe ndị karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọdịiche nke mkpa iji hụ na kenha nke mpi na transmitter. Ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá bụ nnọọ oru oma na usoro nke na-arụ ọrụ na antennas eji na harmonics, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị feeder bụ a ọkara-efegharị efegharị repeater. Ke idaha emi, poolu input impedance bụ dị iche iche na iche iche na ìgwè ndị agha, ma tuner enyere mfe itinye n'ọnọdụ na transmitter. The ngwa nwere ike mfe na-arụ ọrụ na a transmitter ike nke 1.5 kW na a ugboro ole gbalaga si 1.5 MHz 30 MHz. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwaọrụ nwere ike ọbụna site n'aka.

Isi ihe nke RF tuner autotransformer omume na a ferrite mgbanaka nke a TV nupụsịrị usoro CNT 35, na a mgba ọkụ ruo 17 ọnọdụ. E nwere a-ekwe omume nke na-eji conical yiri mgbaaka nke CNT-47 ụdị / 59 ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. The ugbu asọfe coils 12 na-emerụ na abụọ wires, nke n'elu na-achọkwa na a abụọ ọgwụgwụ. Na atụmatụ na table Nọmba sequentially amama, mgbe tọrọ atọ waya onwe ya na na-nchọ na a Teflon mkpuchi. Mkpuchi waya n'obosara bụ 2.5 mm, na-enye taps na onye ọ bụla n'aka, malite na nke asatọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị isi si ebe njedebe.

Autotransformer setịpụrụ nnọọ nso mgba ọkụ, nke na njikọ na-eduzi n'etiti ha ga-ahụ na kacha nta n'ogologo. E nwere a-ekwe omume iji mgba ọkụ 11 ọnọdụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị transformer ewu ga-azọpụta ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke taps ka ihe atụ, site na 10 ruo eriri igwe 20, ma na nke a ọnọdụ, a gụnyere ya ná ndị na-eguzogide na nkeji nke mgbanwe.

Ịmara kpọmkwem uru nke input impedance nke mpi, ọ bụ ike iji a transformer iji dakọtara na poolu na feeder 50 ma ọ bụ 750 m, eji naanị chọrọ bends. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ na ọ na-etinye n'ime a pụrụ iche mmiri na-àmà katọn, na mgbe agbakwunyere na paraffin ma tinye kpọmkwem na poolu fiidi. Onwe ya, abịa na ngwaọrụ nwere ike rụrụ dị ka a iche iche mebere atumatu ma webatara ke pụrụ iche na poolu ịmafe unit ụfọdụ redio.

N'ihi na ihe doo anya, labelụ mgba ọkụ n'ịnyịnya na ahụ, na-egosi na a na-eguzogide uru nke kwekọrọ a nyere ọnọdụ. Iji hụ na akwụcha ụgwọ nke reactive inductive akụrụngwa, ọ na-enye ohere ka n'ihu jikọọ agbanwe capacitor.

The table n'okpuru n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosi otú ndị na-eguzogide na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe mere gị. Na nke a, ngwaahịa nke mgbawa rụrụ dabeere na ruru nke ndị na-eguzogide, nke bụ square nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe mere.