Bughi nzukọ nke protein molekul etoju: abụọ Ọdịdị nke a protein

The ndabere nke ihe owuwu nke na-edozi na proteids nke polypeptide yinye, na protein molekul nwere ike iso ndị otu, abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na sekit na sekit. O sina dị, anụ ahụ, ndu na chemical Njirimara nke biopolymers na-kpatara bụghị naanị a n'ozuzu chemical Ọdịdị nke nwere ike a "efu", ma site na ndị ọzọ na-etoju nke nzukọ nke protein ụmụ irighiri.

The isi Ọdịdị nke a protein kpebisiri ike site qualitative na quantitative amino acid mejupụtara. Peptide nkekọ na-ndabere nke bụ isi Ọdịdị. N'ihi na oge mbụ a amụma na-atụ aro na 1888 A. Ya. Danilevsky, na mgbe e mesịrị ya suspicions na-egosi na njikọ nke peptides nke a rụrụ site E. Fischer. Ọdịdị nke protein ụmụ irighiri na zuru ezu nyochaworo A. Ya. Danilevskim na E. Fischer. Dị ka a Ozizi, na protein ụmụ irighiri iso nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke amino acid residues nke ejikọrọ site peptide agbụ. protein molekul nwere ike otu ma ọ bụ karịa polypeptide ígwè.

Mgbe isi owuwu nke na-edozi na-eji maka ule chemical elekọta mmadụ na proteolytic enzymes. N'ihi ya, na-eji usoro nke Edman bụ nnọọ adaba mata ọnụ amino asịd.

The abụọ Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein na-egosi a gbasara ohere nhazi nke protein molekul. E nwere ndị na-esonụ nke abụọ Ọdịdị ụdị: Alfa-helix, beta-gburugburu, collagen helix. Ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtawo na ihe ndị kasị mara nke Alfa-helix Ọdịdị nke ahụ peptides.

The abụọ Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein na-Nọsi'ike site nke hydrogen agbụ. Nke ikpeazụ ibili n'etiti hydrogen atọm bonded na electronegative nitrogen atọm nke otu peptide nkekọ, ma a carbonyl oxygen atọm nke anọ onye nke ya amino asịd, na ha na-eduzi ndị na gburugburu. Energy mgbawa na-egosi na polymerization ndị a amino asịd bụ ihe oru oma nri Alfa-helix, nke bụ ugbu a na nwa afọ na-edozi.

The abụọ Ọdịdị nke a protein: beta-mpempe akwụkwọ Ọdịdị

Polypeptide ígwè na beta-folds-n'ụzọ zuru ezu akp. Beta-folds na-kpụrụ mmekọrịta nke abụọ peptide agbụ. Nke a Ọdịdị bụ ihe e ji mara fibrous edozi (keratin, fibroin, wdg). Karịsịa, beta-keratin ji a yiri ndokwa nke polypeptide ígwè na-n'ihu Nọsi'ike site interchain disulfide agbụ. The silk fibroin agbata obi polypeptide ígwè bụ antiparallel.

The abụọ Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein: collagen helix

The guzobere mejupụtara atọ spiralized tropocollagen ígwè, nke nwere a mkpanaka udi. Spiralized yinye curl na-etolite a superhelix. Helix Nọsi'ike site hydrogen nkekọ dị n'etiti ndị hydrogen nke peptide aa amino amino acid fọduru n'otu yinye na oxygen nke carbonyl otu nke amino acid fọduru nke ọzọ yinye. Ọkọnọ collagen Ọdịdị enye elu ike na elasticity.

The tertiary Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein

Kasị na-edozi na nwa afọ ala bụ nnọọ kọmpat Ọdịdị, nke a kpebisiri ike site udi, size, na polarity nke amino acid radicals, na amino acid usoro.

A ịrịba mmetụta na guzobere nwa afọ protein conformation, ma ọ bụ a tertiary owuwu nwere hydrophobic na ionic interactions, hydrogen agbụ, etc .. N'okpuru ihe nke ndị a agha na-enweta thermodynamically expedient conformation nke protein molekul na ya stabilization.

The quaternary Ọdịdị

Nke a na ụdị Ọdịdị nke molekul bụ n'ihi mkpakọrịta nke ọtụtụ subunits n'ime otu molekul mgbagwoju. The mejupụtara nke ọ bụla subunit agụnye isi, sekọndrị na tertiary owuwu.