Anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ: ndepụta. The usoro nke ihe nke anticholinergic ọgwụ

Anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ - na-ọgwụ ọjọọ na-egbochi ihe nke eke ọgụgụ akwara mbufe ozi - acetylcholine - ka cholinergic anabata. Na mba ọzọ akwụkwọ, otu a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na-akpọ "delirianty" n'ihi na ike na-eme ka delirium.

A bit nke mere eme

Tupu mgbe ahụ, ke ufọt ufọt narị afọ nke 20, ọgwụ ọjọọ anticholinergic edinam eji maka ọgwụgwọ nke ala ala okpo ọrịa akpa ume na ụkwara ume ọkụ, ma na ha na-anọchi ọzọ oge a na ọgwụ ọjọọ na-ole na ole nwere mmetụta. Na mmepe nke pharmacology, ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe ike ịzụlite holinoblokatory na-adịghị nwere otu nnukwu ndepụta mmetụta. Ọnụọgụ ọgwụ forms e mma, na ọgwụgwọ omume akpa ume ọrịa na-ọzọ etinyere anticholinergics. The usoro nke ihe nke otu a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe bụ kama mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ bụ omume na-akọwa na isi njikọ.

Olee otú holinoblokatory?

Isi ihe nke anticholinergic ọgwụ na-igbochi cholinergic anabata na-apụghị ime nke na-akpali ha ọgụgụ akwara mbufe ozi - acetylcholine. Ka ihe atụ, na bronchi egbochi anabata dị na ire ụtọ muscle.

nhazi ọkwa ọgwụ

Dabere na nke na-anabata ya na-emetụta anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ, na ndepụta na-ekewa iche iche:

• M-holinoblokatory (atropine, scopolamine, ipratropium bromide).
• H holinoblokatory (pentamine, tubocurarine).

Dabere na selectivity nke edinam:

• Central, ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị nhọrọ (atropine, pirenzepine, platifillin).
• Elu ma ọ bụ nhọrọ (ipratropium bromide).

M-holinoblokatory

Isi nnọchiteanya nke otu a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe bụ atropine. Atropine - ihe alkaloid, nke a na-dị na ụfọdụ osisi ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka na-egbu egbu nightshade, henbane na datura. The kasị akpọ ikpehe atropine - antispasmodic. Against ndabere nke ya edinam mbelata Akwara ụda ndị digestive tract, eriri afo na bronchus.

Atropine na-kenyere ọnụ, subcutaneously na intravenously. Ya oge nke edinam bụ banyere 6 awa na iji atropine ụmụ irighiri mmiri oge na-abawanye ka ụbọchị asaa.

Pharmacological mmetụta nke atropine:

• Dilated ụmụ akwụkwọ anya n'ihi na na-akpali akpali utịp ke okirikiri muscle nke iris - na iris uru zuru ike, karị, ka nwa dilates. The kacha mmetụta na-adị n'ime 30-40 nkeji mgbe instillation.
• Mkpọnwụ nke ulo - oghere a na-agbatị na esisịt, anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ na-ekiri anya maka anya n'ọhụụ.
• Mụbara obi ọnụego
• Ntụrụndụ ire ụtọ muscle na bronchi, eriri afọ tract, urinary eriri afo.
• Belata esịtidem secretion glands, dị ka bronchial, digestive na ajirija.

The ojiji nke atropine

• Na ophthalmology: n'ọmụmụ fundus, na definition nke Refractive njehie.
• Na Cardiology, atropine na-eji maka bradycardia.
• Na pulmonology eji anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ na ụkwara ume ọkụ.
• Gastroenterology: gastric ọnyá afọ na duodenal ọnyá afọ, mgbu giperatsidnom (site na mbenata gastric acid secretion digestive glands). The ọgwụ dị irè bụrụ na nke nsia colic.
• The anesthetists atropine eji dị premedication tupu dị iche iche usoro ịwa ahụ.

Mmetụta nke atropine.

Ji nkụ nke ọnụ na akpịrị, photophobia, mkpọchị nso ọhụụ, afọ ntachi, ihe isi ike na nwoke.

Atropine bụ nnọọ contraindicated iji na glaucoma n'ihi na mmetụta nke mụbara intraocular nsogbu. Contraindicated anticholinergic ọgwụ maka urinary incontinence, dị ka zuru ike nke akwara nke eriri afo. Anticholinergics achọ kpọmkwem nhọrọ nke dosing. Na ngafe doses abịa nsi organism, nke e ji moto na obi agụụ, mydriasis, hoarseness, ihe isi ike na-elo, nwere ike ibili na okpomọkụ. Na ọzọ oké nsi ọrịa amalite ida ha nghazi ohere, agaghịkwa aghọta ndị gbara ha gburugburu, na-egosipụta ịmụ anya arọ nrọ na nkwenkwe ụgha. Ka ịzụlite ọdịdọ na-aga n'ime a Coma, ma n'ihi mkpọnwụ nke akụkụ okuku ume center, ọnwụ emee ngwa ngwa. Kasị chebaara ngafe doses nke umu - na ha kpara dose bụ 6-10 mg.

Scopolamine structurally yiri atropine, ma na iche na ọ na-enye predominantly inhibitory mmetụta na Central ụjọ usoro, eme ka a ogwuura. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-eji na-eme nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ - scopolamine na-eji na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrịa nke vestibular usoro - dizziness, mkpọchị gait na itule, iji gbochie mmepe nke oké osimiri na ikuku ọrịa.

Anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ na-gụnyere ke "Aeron," a ọgwụ na a na-eji tupu ndị na-abịa njem na ụgbọelu na ụgbọ mmiri. Action mbadamba-ewe ihe 6 awa. E netabletirovannaya ụdị - transdermal ọgwụgwọ usoro - plaster, nke a na glued na ntị na a na ọgwụ n'elu 72 awa. Ndị a anticholinergic ọgwụ - antidepressants, dị nnọọ elu ikpe aka ngwa ngwa ka ndị mmụọ nke ndị ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke ịda mbà n'obi.

Ipratropium bromide ( "Atrovent") - a bronchodilator. Mgbe inhalation were fọrọ bụghị etinye obi gị dum n'ime ọbara na ọ dịghị ihe systemic mmetụta. N'ihi na mgbochi nke cholinergic anabata nke ezigbo uru nke bronchi na-eme ka ha mgbasa. Ndị a anticholinergics dị ka ihe ngwọta maka ihe aerosol inhaler, ma ọ bụ a metered na ndị dị irè na bronchial ụkwara ume ọkụ na COPD. Mmetụta - ọgbụgbọ na akọrọ ọnụ.

Tiotropium bromide - anticholinergic ọgwụ ọjọọ na Njirimara yiri ipratropium bromide. Ọ na-emepụta na ụdị powder maka inhalation. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke a ọgwụ bụ na ọ bụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide mmetụta na cholinergic anabata Ya mere, bụ irè karịa ipratropium bromide. Ọ na-eji na ọrịa na COPD.

Platifillin - Araneus alkaloid. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ anticholinergics, platifillin ike dilate ọbara arịa. N'ihi na nke a property, e nwere a nta ọnụ ke ọbara mgbali. The ọgwụ na-tọhapụrụ n'ime a ngwọta na rectal suppositories. Tee na apịajighị apịaji na-eji ire ụtọ mọzụlụ nke esịtidem akụkụ, imeju na-na gbasara akụrụ colic, ụkwara ume ọkụ, nakwa dị ka ihe mgbu mere site spasm na nnukwu gastric ọnyá afọ na duodenal ọnyá afọ. Na ophthalmological omume platifillin mee n'ụdị anya tụlee maka dilated ụmụ akwụkwọ.

Pirenzepine - preferentially nkanka afo mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-amị histamine. Site na mbenata histamine ntọhapụ ebelata oke nke hydrochloric acid. Ndị na-adị ọgwụgwọ doses, a ọgwụ nwere ọ nweghị mmetụta na ụmụ akwụkwọ na obi otiti, otú ihu ọma pirenzepine ẹka ọnụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke gastric ọnyá afọ na duodenal ọnyá afọ.

H holinoblokatory (ganglionic)

The usoro nke edinam bụ na anticholinergic mmadụ nke otu a igbochi ọmịiko innervation na parasympathetic akwara na ọnụ belata secretion nke adrenaline na noradrenaline, inhibit excitation nke akụkụ okuku ume na vasomotor center. Ọzọkwa, nke ukwuu mmetụta nke ọmịiko ma ọ bụ parasympathetic innervations, ihe pụta ìhè kpochidoro ihe.

Dị ka ihe atụ, ego nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ike parasympathetic innervation mmetụta - abụkarị ụmụ akwụkwọ a na-narrowed. Na nke a, holinoblokatory ga-emetụta ndị parasympathetic ụjọ usoro - dị ka a n'ihi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-dilated. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke ọbara arịa n'okpuru nduzi nke ọmịiko ụjọ usoro - ọgwụ ọjọọ kpochapụ ya mmetụta na dilate ọbara arịa, n'ihi na nke na nsogbu na-ebelata.

H holinoblokatory nwere bronchodilatory mmetụta na-eji maka bronchial spasm, belata ụda olu nke eriri afo, n'ihi ya, ndị a nwere ike e kenyere na anticholinergics siri urination. Ọzọkwa, ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme belata esịtidem secretion glands, nakwa dị ka akwụsịlata na eriri afọ tract motility. Na ọgwụ omume, na-eji isi hypotensive mmetụta, nke nwere ndị a anticholinergics. The ndepụta mmetụta bụ ọtụtụ:

• Na akụkụ nke digestive tract: akọrọ ọnụ na afọ ntachi.
• Si akụkụ okuku ume na usoro: ụkwara, obodo iyatesịt nwere ike nwetara.
• Site CCC: arrhythmia, palpitations kwuru. Ndị a mgbaàmà ndị obere na-na-adị mfe tutu amama.
• Ọzọ mmetụta nwere ike ibelata visual acuity, mmepe nke nnukwu ụdị glaucoma, edema.

Contraindications ojiji nke anticholinergic ọgwụ

• Hypersensitivity na nkwekọrịta nke atropine ndị ọzọ mmiri nke preparations.
• Pregnancy (karịsịa 1 trimester).
• Lactation.
• Ụmụaka afọ (ikwu contraindication).
• Kpomkwem contraindicated iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme n'akuku-mmechi glaucoma na ọrịa na gbasara akụrụ odida dị mkpa iji nlezianya nyochaa ala nke ọbara na mmamịrị.