Atkinson okirikiri na omume. Atkinson okirikiri engine dị ka

Esịtidem combustion engine eji ụgbọala maka a na narị afọ. Ke ofụri ofụri, ụkpụrụ nke ha ọrụ na-adịghị agbanweela isi mgbanwe kemgbe mmalite nke ntọhapụ. Ma, dị ka a na engine nwere otutu ndọghachi azụ, engineer adịghị akwụsị dịrị innovations na mma engine. Ka anyị na-atụgharị otu, nke a na-akpọ Atkinson okirikiri. Taa, i nwere ike ịnụ na ọ na-eji na ụfọdụ ụgbọala. Ma ihe ọ bụ, na dị ka engine na-akawanye mma na ya?

Atkinson okirikiri

Nikolaus Otto, ihe engineer si Germany, obụp mi ke 1876 a okirikiri esịnede:

• mbanye;
• mkpakọ;
• strok;
• tọhapụ.

A afọ iri gasịrị, ndị English nchepụta Dzheyms Atkinson mepụtara ya. Otú ọ dị, ịghọta n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ọ nwere ike na-akpọ a nnọọ mbụ ụdị okirikiri Atkinson.

Esịtidem combustion engines bụ qualitatively dị iche iche. Mgbe niile, ndị crankshaft na-dechapụ mgbakwunye ihe, ikwe ka ike na ọnwụ site esemokwu na-ebelata, na ndị mkpakọ ruru na-ụba.

Ọzọkwa, ọ na-gara site na ndị ọzọ gas nkesa na-adọ. On a ot engine na pistin a na-emechi ozugbo agafe ndị nwụrụ anwụ na-ekwu. A dị iche iche na atụmatụ bụ Atkinson okirikiri. E strok n'ụzọ ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na valvụ emechi nanị ọkara ụzọ site pistin n'elu nwụrụ anwụ center (ebe e nwere ugbua Otto mkpakọ).

Theoretically oru oma Otto Atkinson okirikiri dị iri percent. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị mee ihe maka ogologo oge, na omume, n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ bụ ike na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ mode naanị mgbe akwa gbapụrụ ọsọ. Ọzọkwa chọrọ n'ibu supercharger, nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ a nile "Atkinson-Miller okirikiri". Otú ọ dị, ọ na-egosi na uru nke development lere ya anya na-efu ya.

Ya mere, na ụgbọala ndị dị otú ahụ Atkinson okirikiri na omume a na-fọrọ nke nta adịghị mee ihe. Ma na ngwakọ ụdị dị ka ndị Toyota Prius, Nsukka malite iji ya ọbụna na usoro. Nke a mere na o kwere omume ekele a kpọmkwem ọrụ nke ndị a na ụdị engines: a ala ọsọ ụgbọala na-akpali n'ihi electric traction n'oge osooso na naanị tụụrụ na mmanụ ụgbọ ala unit.

oge

Mmalite Atkinson okirikiri engine nwere a keukwu gas nkesa usoro, emitting a nnukwu mkpọtụ. Ma mgbe, ekele na nchọpụta nke American Charles Knight kama nke mbụ ígwè valves na a mbanye iji pụrụ iche spools n'ụdị a ụzọ nke aka uwe nke na-ndokwa n'etiti cylinder na pistin, na engine fọrọ nke nta kwụsịrị eme mkpọtụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbagwoju nke imewe na-eji na-akụzi nnọọ oké ọnụ, ma na ihe ndị kasị prestigious ụdị ụgbọala ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala dị njikere iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka nke a mma.

O sina dị, na-ama na zitere nke a mma anyị jụrụ, n'ihi na engines ndị adịteghị, na oriri nke mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ bụ oke buru ibu.

Engine development na mpaghara ebe a na-mara taa - ma eleghị anya, ndị injinia ga-enwe ike ka tufuo adịghị ike nke ihe nlereanya site Charles Knight na-uru.

Universal nlereanya maka ọdịnihu

Ugbu a, ọtụtụ na-emepụta na-ama na-emepe emepe eluigwe na ala Motors, nke ga-jikọtara, na mmanụ ụgbọala ike nkeji, na magburu onwe traction na arụmọrụ nke dizel engines.

Na nke a, ndị mere eziokwu ahụ bụ na petrol nkeji na-enwe kpọmkwem mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba, ruru a elu mkpakọ index iji nke iri na atọ ma ọ bụ iri na anọ na nkeji (na dizel engines, nke a n'ogo bụ a obere ihe karịa iri na asaa ma ọ bụ iri na itoolu) na-egosi nke ọma nzọụkwụ nke a. Ọbụna ha na-arụ ọrụ na n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka nke nkeji na mkpakọ mgbanye. Naanị na-arụ ọrụ ngwakọta ga artificially amụnyewo kandụl.

Na ibuo ụdị nke mkpakọ esịmde ọbụna elu - ruo iri na ise ma ọ bụ iri na isi na nkeji. Ma tupu auto-mgbanye ruo larịị esịmde. Ma kandụl na-nkwarụ edo ngagharị, ikwe ka engine switches ka a mode yiri a dizel engine, na-erepịakwa obere mmanụ ụgbọala.

The combustion nke an'Iwu electronically, na-eme mgbanwe dabere na mpụga ọnọdụ.

Mmepe na-ekwu na nke a engine bụ nnọọ echekwa. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na uka mmepụta bụ ezughị nnyocha e duziri.

The agbanwe mkpakọ ruru

The egosi dị ezigbo mkpa. Mgbe ike arụmọrụ na-eri bụ kpọmkwem dabere na a elu ogo mkpakọ. Kwesịrị ịdị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-amụba ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Ya mere, n'ihi na ụfọdụ oge na mmepe kwụsịrị. Ma ọ bụghị ya, e nwere ihe ize ndụ nke detonation, nke pụrụ iduga engine mebiri.

Karịsịa ike a na ọnụego na-ekere ke engines na supercharging. Mgbe niile, na ha na-ewe iwe ọzọ ike, ya mere pasent nke puru nke-akpali ndị detonation bụ n'ụzọ elu. Ya mere, mkpakọ ruru bụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị mkpa iji belata, n'ihi na nke a, n'ezie, na moto arụmọrụ ebelata.

N'eziokwu, ndị mkpakọ ruru kwesịrị ịdị iche iche were were dị ka a ọrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ mode na ibu. Development bụ a otutu, ma ha bụ nnọọ na oké ọnụ.

The kpara Saab

Arụpụta ihe kasị mma na-enweta site na ụlọ ọrụ nke Saab, mgbe ọ na-wepụtara na 2000, ise-cylinder engine, nke dị na 1.6 lita olu nyere banyere ọgu iri-na-ise ịnyịnya. Nke a nweta taa yiri gaghị eme.

The engine na-kewara abụọ n'akụkụ ebe akụkụ na-jikọọ ọ bụla ọzọ site a mgbabere uzo n'aka. Dị n'okpuru ndị crankshaft, ejikọta n'iwu ma pistons, na top - na cylinder isi. Hydraulic mbanye bụ ike awụfu mpempe na a cylinder isi na site na-agbanwe mkpakọ ruru mgbe ịkwọ ụgbọala nke Compressor. N'agbanyeghị irè nke mmepe-aghaghị ime ka yigharịrị n'ihi na elu na-eri nke na-ewu.

Mfe ọzọ inweta

N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na engine na-agba na Atkinson okirikiri, keere a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ n'ụzọ nke mma nke moto usoro na-eme n'ọdịnihu. O yiri ka mma dabeere na ibe, esịtidem combustion engine uche, ke akpatre, na ezigbo mode nke ọrụ.