Belovezhskoe nkwekọrịta na 1991. Bialowieza nkwekọrịta na mkpochapu nke USSR na e kere eke nke CIS

1991, Soviet Union. N'ileghachi anya azụ na-agbalị inye a akụkọ ihe mere eme ntule nke ihe ndị mere na 1991, anyị nwere ike n'enweghị ekwu na mba anyị bibiri otu ndapụta na e ji na Libya, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, na ugbu a na Ukraine. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị sonyere na ndakpọ nke USSR, ya na-echeta dere na ya memoirs. Ọ maara nke ọma na ihe mere eme e dere site na meriri. N'isiokwu a, anyị na-agbalị matakwuo na dị iche iche echiche na ihe omume ndị merenụ ka ntoputa nke ndị dị otú ahụ a akwụkwọ dị ka Belovezhskoe nkwekọrịta na 1991.

omume Background

Na 1985, ọ bịara na ike a na-eto eto, obi ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Mikhail Gorbachev. Mgbe niile gara aga odeakwụkwọ ukwu na nke ndị agadi ndị na-emeso ya nnọọ mma. Ma mgbe e mesịrị ya mgbanwe ụgbọala na mba n'ime akụ na ụba, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọbụna omenala nsogbu. Na-aghọ esiwanye ìhè stratification nke ndị bi na mba, ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ klas mmadụ - na oligarchy. N'ọtụtụ mba ụba mba mmetụta, otu mgbe mberede chọrọ nnwere onwe.

Gorbachev: a dike ma ọ bụ a sabo?

Mere Gorbachev na pụtara na-ata ụta Belovezhskoe Agreement 1991? The mmefu ego nke Soviet Union dabeere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ire nke ego. The obodo na-esiwanye kekọtaworo na mgbazinye ego. Nke nta nke nta tupu Gorbachev bụ a oke - ma ọ na-eburu si mgbanwe na-erite uru na United States, na ọ na-enweta mgbazinye ego si IMF, ma ọ bụ na-eme na nnọchite nke mba ha. Ọ họọrọ mbụ nhọrọ. Ọ bụkwa ezi na-ewu ewu n'uche bụ na ọ bịara ike na enyemaka nke United States. Ná mmalite, o nwere obere ohere dị ka ọtụtụ ndị òtù nke Politburo yiri ka aga ime Romanov na Grishin. Long ike ekweta, otú e nwere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, "na mberede" kwụsịrị na Gorbachev. Ihe ọ bụla ọ bụ, ma o mere na mba ruo n'ókè nke enweghị laghachi, mgbe nke na-enweghị nloghachi.

Mmetụta si n'èzí na mgbasa nke USSR

Sharply na ọtụtụ mba na-enwe obodo referenda na onwe. Ọ dịghị ihe dị? Ukraine, n'ihi na ihe atụ? The ịrịba ama ọdịdị a ụyọkọ misfits na onwe chọrọ si Balaklava bụghị egwu? Mikhail Gorbachev nọ na-agbalị na-anọdụ na abụọ oche n'otu oge. Na otu aka, mba dị mkpa mgbazinye ego, na ha nwere ike enwetara site n'itinye na mgbanwe amanye, na n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ chọrọ ime mma maka USSR. Nke a na-pụtara ìhè site mere na November 1990 na mkpebi jide a mba referendum Gorbachev na-etinye n'ime ebe mpako mba.

Na November 1990, ndị ndú nke atọ Baltic mba rutere Paris maka bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Charter nke n'otu Europe. Ọ bụ nanị ekele mkpesa Gorbachev ha chụpụrụ ụlọ nzukọ. Ya mere, anyị enweghị ike na 100% n'ezie na-ekwu na ụta maka na mgbasa nke Soviet Union na-kpamkpam na ya, o we rara motherland. Ajụjụ ọzọ bụ na ihe ndabere ndị ndú a n'ozuzu mere n'oge OSCE nzute. All a na-egosi na ọnọdụ na-egosi artificially. Na-erite uru?

Provocations na Baltic States

N'iji nke ahụ US oyi kpamkpam lekwasịrị anya agha ihe megide Iraq, n'okpuru nrụgide nke Kryuchkov, Pugo na Yazov, Gorbachev nyere ikwe na-eme ihe ike suppression nke separatist omume na Baltic States. Na January 13, 1991 Lithuanians ada n'elu telivishọn center na Vilnius, wuokwa barricades. Special agha "Alpha" e nyere ya iwu ka oké ifufe. Gburu 13 "udo" ụmụ amaala na Balaklava. Ọ bi na ụwa nile ọwa picture wee dị ka ndị agha na-egbu ọcha ejighi ngwaogu ndị mmadụ, onye na-achọ nanị nnwere onwe na-ebi Europe. A izu gasịrị, ọnọdụ ugboro ugboro Riga. Na na April na Moscow maka "nnyocha" na-abịa Nixon. O doro anya na Gorbachev kwụsịrị jide Western nwe - egwuregwu na ẹkenam B. N. Eltsina. Ọ malitere a mkpagbu. Esemokwu Yeltsin na Gorbachev ruru ihe ịrịba sharpness.

Kwenye na e kere eke nke CIS

Nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị US Gorbachev nwere na-ekweta federalization nke USSR na e kere eke nke na Commonwealth of Independent States. Ọ malitere ịkwadebe ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ nkwekọrịta (n'ihi na nke a nkwekorita ga-abụ ihe na nkwekọrịta Belovezhskoe 1991), nke bụ ihe ikpeazụ ahịhịa maka nche ụlọ ọrụ nke USSR. The obodo tiwapụrụ na August kuu. Emergency Committee e guzobere. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na na telivishọn niile ubọchi atọ nke kuu agbasa ozi n'ikuku balet.

Se Iketịbede ke August 1991

19-21 August, 1991. History e dere site na mmeri, n'ihi na ọ bụ eke na ihe ọmụma banyere ke akwụkwọ dị ka a kuu mgbalị. Ọ bụ ezie na eziokwu na ọ bụ iji gbochie ida nke mba. Kryuchkov, Pugo, Boldin, Chenin, Baklanov, Pavlov na Yazov nwara ijide ike n'aka-ha. Akwaga na president, ha ga-forcibly zọda mba, onye gụwara ya agụụ inweta onwe. N'ihi ya, ha ga-ike n'ezi ihe nke mba. Ma ole na ole maara na ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke nkwekọrịta guzosie ike CIS ndokwa maka August 20 afọ ojuju na ndị ndú niile 9 separatist kpọrọ mba nke USSR wee na-na a na-agbanwe agbanwe ala.

The dum eziokwu bụ na Gorbachev ike kpakorita na ha. Na otu aka, site n'ikwere na-e kere eke nke CIS, Mikhail Gorbachev wee banyere US, na n'aka nke ọzọ, ndị Republic natara ikike onwe, ma na gọọmenti. Key mbipụta ga-anọgide na-ekpebiri ha Moscow. N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe, nke a dịruru ná njọ na-adịghị ona ọtụtụ. Gorbachev na ezinụlọ ya mkpọrọ n'ụlọ na Crimea (ọ bụ n'oge ahụ zuru ike n'elu oké osimiri).

Olee otú ndị dike nke Yeltsin

On August 21, ọ na-akwadebe oké ifufe na White House na Kremlin. Yeltsin zubere ike kpọọ na ibuga ya na Zavidovo. Ma "mberede" hụrụ a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ọkụ n'obi na-ekpuchi ya na ha. The White House ama gbara ya gburugburu a ìgwè mmadụ nke banyere 50 000 ndị. Chee echiche! Na mberede ọtụtụ ndị biliri na Kremlin. E free mmiri na nri, na-ekesa tii achịcha, esie nri na ihe ulo oru n'ike.

Kwesịrị ịdị, e nwere ndị na-anwụ. Ọbara. Ọtụtụ ndị na Molotov cocktails (ndị udo) bịara n'okpuru tankị. Ọ bụ ka kpamkpam doro anya ihe mere na tankị banyere Red Square. Ha na-irè na-emeghe ebe. Na ndị agha haziri a kuu, ike mara. Ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụ nanị iji ịmaja. N'ezie, Western correspondents nọ n'ọrụ na njikere, na ị nwere ike mfe were picture na ikuku. Defense Minister Yazov mbà ma nye iwu ịdọrọ agha si Moscow. Mgbe a na kuu na-biri, ya instigators nọ nga.

A na-egosi na a agha adịkarịghị-esi eru na-atụ-na-achọ iwu. Kasị akpali bụ na mgbe ntọhapụ nke mbụ oku mere Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin na George Bush. Ọ na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe. Mgbe ihe ndị a, ọ gbanweela a otutu. Ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ịtụkwasị obi na dara na ya, mmadụ ole na ole na-ewere. O lere anya acha megide backdrop hyped image nke a nwee obi ike, energetic Yeltsin.

Belovezhskoe Agreement

Inwe efu obi ike na Gorbachev Soviet malitere massively ịmụta a nkwupụta nke nnwere onwe pụọ Soviet Union. Ugbu a ikpokọta ha n'ime a gọọmenti bụ ekwe omume. Na n'ihi ihe a nile e banyere on December 8, 1991 Belovezhskoe Agreement afọ. Ndị ọzọ okwu, nkwekọrịta e banyere on oruru nke na Commonwealth of Independent States. Akara Mbinye aka tinye Gorbachev na Yeltsin.

Ma ọ bụrụ na Gorbachev ibido egwuri maka federalization nke mba nke CIS, na Yeltsin na ya mbinye aka nye ha zuru ezu onwe. Si otú ọ afọ ju ọchịchọ nke Western mmekọ igba obara mba. Belovezhskoe nkwekọrịta na 1991 mara ọkwa na Union of Free Socialist Republics kwụsịrị ịdị adị.