Gịnị bụ ọnọdụ nke Brest udo: a nchịkọta nke nkwekọrịta na ya pụtara

Soviet Russia, na otu aka, Germany, Bulgaria, Turkey na Austria-Hungary - na ndị ọzọ, banye nkwekọrịta na 1918. Site na, ihe bụ ọnọdụ nke Brest udo, dabeere na ọnọdụ nke ọtụtụ nche.

gara aga ihe

Usoro Udo Brest 1918 tụlere ọtụtụ ugboro na bụ na atọ. Kasị nke nzukọ nke anya ugwo na Armenian nke. Soviet Russia ka tinye n'ihu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnọdụ, Otú ọ dị, Germany na ya jikọrọ aka na ajụwo a Brest udo. Ụbọchị nke mkparita uka na ọgwụgwụ nke nkwekọrịta na Brest-Litovsk - 1917, December 9. E nwekwara a German iwu ọnụego. Ndị Soviet gbalịrị izere n'ọdịnihu ụwa indemnities na annexations.

Ọnọdụ nke Soviet na-edu ndú

The Soviet mbon azụlitewo a omume, nke sochiri n'oge na mkpakorita. Site na, ihe bụ ọnọdụ nke Brest udo, dabeere ike n'ezi ihe nke Russian ọnọdụ na ndị bi n'ime ya. Isi ihe nke usoro ihe omume:

• Ohere izere nchụpụ n'ike annexation nke nwere ala n'agha.
• Mweghachi nke zuru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onwe nke ndị dị iche iche, bụ ndị na-efu ya na N'ezie nke agha.
• Ohere iji zere indemnities.
• Iwebata nke obodo kwụụrụ nke mba dum na nnabata ya na a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnọdụ.
• Igba agbụrụ nri iji họrọ mba ma ọ bụ ihe e kere eke nke ya ala onwe.
• Chịrị mba mbipụta na-kpebiri na dị na n'elu kwuru.
• Ichebe ikike na ohere nke na-adịghị ike mba.

The Soviet na-edu ndú na-eme atụmatụ otú sere udo mkparita uka ogologo, na nzuzo na-enwe olileanya imeda Germany dị ka a n'ihi nke esịtidem mgbanwe. January 28, 1918 Russia e nyere otu iwu. Germany kpọ aka n'ime nkwekọrịta na ọnọdụ ndị dị otú eme ka ị, a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ dị na Poland, na Baltic States na Belarus.

idozi Russia

Germany choro bu ka arụ. Na otu aka, Russia nwere ike ekweta na-banye dị otú ahụ a na-emenye ihere ya nkwekọrịta, na kwesịrị, kama, na-amalite a agha karịa na-ekweta ọnọdụ ndị dị otú. Ma ego maka ọgụ arụmọrụ bụ ezughị. Site na, ihe bụ ọnọdụ nke Brest udo, dabeere n'ike nke Russia. Leon Trotsky, tinyere ndị ọzọ Bolsheviks, gbalịrị ịchọta ụzọ na nke a ọnọdụ. Na mba na-edu ndú wee mkpebi na o chere kasị mma. On January 28, isi nke Soviet mbon mere a okwu, nke mere ka ndị na-esonụ: ụwa ga-aka, ma na mmalite nke agha, Russia agaghị ekwupụta. Leon Trotsky mara ọkwa na ntọhapụ nke ndị mmadụ na ndị agha agha.

Mkpebi a eju German na Austrian-ekwuchitere mba. Ha anaghị atụ anya ka a uzo nke ihe. February 18, malitere agha nke Austria na Hungarian agha. The Red Army e disbanded, ọ dịghị onye na iguzogide onye iro. N'ihi ya, Pskov na Narva na-arụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndi agha, bụ ndị na oge a na ọnọdụ ha, gbaghachi azụ enweghị a ọgụ. Russia bụ agaghịkwa dị mkpa iji tụlee ihe ndị ọnọdụ nke Brest udo. February 19 German chọrọ nakweere ndị Soviet n'akụkụ.

Germany, ifiọkde enweghị olileanya nke ọnọdụ na Russia na-now na-achọ ihe ndị ọzọ n'ókèala (ugboro ise), nke bu fọrọ nke nta dum na ngwaahịa nke mba coal na ígwè ore na 50 nde mmadụ bi. Ọzọkwa, Soviet n'akụkụ ji ụgwọ na-akwụ ụgwọ a nnukwu indemnity. New Russian mbon na-aga site Grigory Sokolnikov. O kwuru na e nweghị oke na apụghị izere ịbanye a udo nkwekorita na a ọnọdụ. Ọ na-egosipụta olileanya na ugbu a ọnọdụ bụ ruo nwa oge.

Okwu nke Brest udo - nkenke

• Ojuju nke anāchi achi nke ndị obodo ike Belarusians.
• The ude nke nnwere onwe nke Ukraine.
• Mbula privislyanskih anāchi achi nke Estonia, Livonia, Courland, na Grand Duchy nke Finland.
• Alaka Kọkeshịan mpaghara - Batumi na Kars.
• Eme Udo na UPR.
• The demobilization ndị agha na agha mmiri.
• Care nke Baltic nsoro na Finnish na Baltic bases.
• Ugwo nke 500 nde gold rubles na 6 ijeri akara.
• Baltic Fleet hapụrụ isi ke Finland na Baltic States.
• Nchupu revolutionary nduhie.
• Black Sea nsoro la na Central Powers.

mmetụta

N'ihi ya, ọ e kwubiri na Brest udo. The ụbọchị nke ya bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado - March 3, 1918. Ukraine, Poland, na Baltic na-ekwu na akụkụ nke Byelorussia e ná mgbagwoju si Russia. Ọzọkwa, ndị Soviet akwụ ụgwọ na Germany ihe karịrị 90 tọn gold. Ndị Germany, asị na ha chọrọ iji hụ na ikike nke ziri ezi ọchịchị nke Ukraine malitere na-arụ nke ya n'ókèala. Ugbu a, bilienụ ekpe SR nsogbu na-alụ agha obodo na-ewe n'ụdị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha. The mmegide sharply katọrọ nkwupụta site Lenin na Russia enweghị oke ma na-anabata usoro nke nkwekọrịta. Ndị agha ahụ bụ ahazighị ahazi. Esi na ya pụta nke Peace nke Brest gosiri na mmegide na-akwado na-akpọ maka na-ewu ewu nnupụisi iji ebelata German-Austrian agha. State Entente megidere udo bịanyere aka. Si March ka August 1918 ọdịda nke British na Japanese agha ke Murmansk, Vladivostok, Arkhangelsk.

Ọgwụgwụ nke Peace nke Brest

Brest udo e kara aka maka a ogologo oge na-eme ihe. November 13, mgbe ndikan Austria na German agha (ruru ya allies), Russia kagbuo ya. N'ụbọchị kagbuo, ndị Soviet na-edu ndú, ọ kwagara Moscow, na-atụ egwu a German agha na Petrograd. Mgbe kagbuo nkwekọrịta mere territorial ohere e weere ghara ịdị irè. The Soviet na-edu ndú nyere ndị bi nke Caucasus na n'ebe ndị ọzọ jide họrọ ha onwe ha a kara aka. Tupu mgbe ahụ, September 20, 1918, ama adọwa akụkụ nke Brest udo megide Turkey.

Ọ bụ kwuru na ndị na-esi nke Brest udo sikwuo ikike nke Lenin. The Bolsheviks malitere igosi ya ọbụna ihe obi ike. Ná ngwụsị nke Civil War na 1922, ka ọtụtụ nke Russian Soviet ike.