Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, rụzuru, nchoputa na enọ

Na 1930, na New York meghere nke mbụ mba nzuko na biophysics na biokosmologii. Asọpụrụ president nke ya, a họpụtara Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky.
Doo nke memorandum, kpọ aha-ya na nchoputa nke ọhụrụ alaka nke ihe ọmụma nke onye maka obosara na nkà mmụta sayensị ọdịmma, nke agbatị si ogbu nke a ndụ cell ka anyanwụ. Ọ na-akpọ Russian Leonardo da Vinci nke oge ya. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ naanị 42 afọ, na ọ bụ onye òtù n'oge nke okooko nke okike ...

nwata

N'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị a mụrụ na mbụ 1897 na obere tenements Ciechanowiec nso Grodno, ebe e odude a agha unit, na nke e ekewet nna ya - ihe ogbunigwe ojii Leonid Vasilevich Chizhevsky. Nne - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Neviandt - mgbe a mụsịrị nwa ya nwoke biri ndụ ogologo oge, na mgbe a afọ nwụrụ nke ụkwara nta. Nchegbu banyere nwa okoro chere nwanne mama ya - Olga Vasilevna Lesli (Chizhevskaya).

The nna bụghị ịlụ di na nwunye a abụọ oge na a otutu anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị na-ekpe na-akụziri nwa ya. Ahụkarị ya penchant maka klas na sayensị, ọ na-onwem ulo a n'ezie laabu, nke Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky mgbe niile na-ewere na-enye ya na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ. Site dochie nne ya, nwanne mama, ọ etinye obi gị dum na-mmasị na na Humanities, na klaasị uri na sere, nke malitere na mmalite afọ, ga-eso Chizhevskogo ndụ.

Na-esonụ na ndị isi ezinụlọ, nke na-site na njedebe nke ndụ nke General nke Atilari, e kenyere ya dị iche iche agha nkeji, ha a ọnwa ole na ole nke ibi dị iche iche n'obodo nke Russia na mba ọzọ, gụnyere ke Paris.

Kaluga

Na 1913 Chizhevskaya nwee ike idozi na-adịgide adịgide n'obodo Kaluga. Nke a obodo na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na akara aka nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị - ebe a ọ malitere ya n'ezie na nkà mmụta sayensị biography. Alexander Chizhevsky dere mgbe e mesịrị na fateful mkpa nke e guzobere ya na nkà mmụta sayensị ọdịmma bụ mmata na enyi Konstantinom Eduardovichem Tsiolkovskim.

View nke a pụrụ iche thinker e ofu ke ogbu nke ohere, na ma eleghị anya na-achịkwa ugbua na 1914 Chizhevsky amalite na-amụ na mmetụta nke anyanwụ ọrụ na ndu na-elekọta mmadụ nọ nke ụwa anyị. Ọzọ isiokwu nke research - mmetụta na ndụ ntule artificially ionized ikuku.

Mgbe m gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Kaluga, a na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na 1915, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky abịa ozugbo abụọ elu agụmakwụkwọ njikọ - ọ na-eze debara aha na Moscow Commercial Institute, na a na-isiokwu na-aga a N'ezie na Moscow Archaeological Institute. Ya mere gụnyere ya mmasị na akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ mmadụ: na n'otu afọ ahụ ọ na-amụ kpọmkwem sayensị - physics na mgbakọ na mwepụ, na ndị ọzọ na - na akwalite ọdịmma ndị mmadụ.

"Frequency nke ụwa-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro"

Na 1917, abụọ ọrụ na mpi nke mbụ na nkà mmụta sayensị na utu aha na-mara ọkwa na Moscow: "Russian uri nke Asaa narị afọ" na "The Evolution of Physics na Mathematics n'oge ochie." Oghere mmeri maka a aha - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Biography nke ya dị ka a na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị na kwụsị òkè First World War. Na 1916 o wepụtara onwe na-alụ ọgụ na Galician n'ihu, jere ozi dị ka a scout ngwa agha unit e ọdịda nke George Cross, na unan.

Ná mmalite nke agha, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky iru na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mgbanwe anyanwụ ọrụ na ihe ndị mere na ụwa. The ọgba aghara nke agha ogu Europe, ọ hụrụ na-abawanye n'oge Itie site Central meridian nke isi kpakpando nke anyị na usoro karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sunspots. Mgbe ahụ, ọ nlezianya mụọ oge ochie mere n'ụbọchị dị iche iche mba na search of nkwenye nke iwu a na akụkọ ihe mere eme. The pụta bụ a ịga nke ọma n'ichebe ha na 1918 doctoral dissertation na isiokwu.

The isi ọgwụgwụ nke na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị fọrọ-awụ akpata oyi: na cyclical anyanwụ ọrụ kwekọrọ kpọmkwem oge nke zuru ụwa ọnụ mgbanwe Biosphere nke Earth na na N'ezie nke ndụ na ọhaneze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Filiks. ohere e kpughere na mmetụta nke ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ịdị adị nke mmadụ mmepeanya: ugboro nke iche echiche ọrịa na ntiwapụ nke ọrịa, arụpụtaghị na aku ọdụdọ, ntoputa nke ọhụrụ na nkà mmụta sayensị chepụtara na ntoputa nke agha na revolutions.

Science na abu

Ụdi afọ, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-akụziri, na-eme n'otu oge na abụọ ikike iche nke Moscow State University: Medicine na Physics na Mathematics. Ọ mepụtara ozizi Energy Exchange na ndu eme ntule, na-eduzi nwere n'ụlọ laabu na Kaluga, na-eme nchọpụta nke mmetụta nke ìhè na-adịghị mma na ebubo ion na ahụ mmadụ na nke anụmanụ, na-arụ ọrụ na nwụnye n'ihi na mmepụta nke ndị a ahụ, ka ekemende a kpọworo "chandelier Chizhevskogo".

Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị ahapụ ifịk ọrụ uri. Onyeisi oche nke All-Russian Union of uri - bụkwa Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Ya akwụkwọ, bipụtara na afọ ndị ahụ na - na "Physical ihe nke akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro" (1924), na "Book of poems" (1919). About ya edemede nwere ghaghị zara Maximilian Voloshin na Pavel Florensky, Mayakovsky na Valeriy Bryusov, Alexei Tolstoy na Vyacheslav Ivanov. Professional nka kwuru n'echiche nke ya akwarela Okirikiri, nke e dere na obere oge ike.

Ịdị n'otu nke na nkà mmụta sayensị echiche na ihe nkowa nke mmadụ na cosmos obodo - a na-akwanyere ùgwù ọkà mmụta na-ede uri Chizhevskiy Aleksandr Leonidovich. Nkà ihe ọmụma nke àgwà ya na ndụ n'ụzọ doro anya gosiri na ndị a chọpụtara:

Anyị bụ ụmụ nke cosmos. Na anyị anyị hụrụ n'anya otu ụlọ

Ya mere soldered obodo na intrinsically ike,

Na anyị na-eche na anyị na-merged n'ime otu,

Na mgbe ọ bụla mgbe ụwa - ụwa dum lekwasịrị anya ...

E nweghị onye amụma n'obodo ya ...

The obosara nke nkà mmụta sayensị na ọdịmma Aleksandra Chizhevskogo nwere ike ọ bụ nanị na nyefe nke na nkà mmụta sayensị na ihe ubi, ebe ọrụ ya na-ukwuu ekele ibe: zoopsychology, heliobiology, aeoroionizatsiya, ionifikatsii, biophysics, ohere bayoloji, ọbara, ọbara bughi analysis, electro-agba? Technology na ndị ọzọ. Ma, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị mba ọzọ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ihe zuru ezu ntule ya na nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ Chizhevsky natara naanị mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. A na-ejegharị ejegharị na òkù nke ọtụtụ mba ọzọ na nkà mmụta sayensị na òtù, ọ na-agọ.

Ọtụtụ nnyocha ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mere n'ogige ndị na "sharashkas". The nkọ ndiiche dị n'etiti ya echiche nke ukara na nkà mmụta sayensị echiche ahụ pụtara ìhè ọbụna ndị kasị amaghị ka alụso maka mmeri nke Kọmunist echiche ndị Nazi. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na otu repressed n'okpuru Stalin na tụgharịa Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Brief biography nke ya dị ka a na-azara ọnụ na ọjọọ edemede 58 nke Criminal Usoro malitere na 1942. Mgbe ahụ, ọ nọrọ 8 afọ kwagara dị iche iche ihe ndị buru ibu gulag - Ivdellag na Northern Urals, Kutchino na ala ịta ahịhịa, Karlag na Kazakhstan.

Nke a kpọkwasịwo ọtụtụ afọ nke na iyi egwu, aha na-akpọ obscurantist na anyanwụ na-efe mgbe ibi akwụkwọ gbarisịrị Chizhevskogo echiche banyere w ike mmetụta na Biosphere nke Earth, anyị na-achụ ndị na-akwado a Ozizi, hapụ ebipụta akwụkwọ edemede. Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich e wepụtara na 1950. Ọ n'afọ ofufo nọrọ na ha mara ụlọikwuu mezue mkpa nwere na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. E mechara gbanwee, ma kpamkpam - naanị mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.

nketa

Ònye ka ọ bụ - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich? Biophysicist, na-egosi a doro anya mmekọrịta ike nke cosmos na ndụ mmadụ? Ọkà ihe ọmụma, kwekọrọ na kwusara-apụghị izere ezere nke mmekọrịta dị otú ahụ? Gịrịgịrị na pụrụ iche na-ede uri na-ese, onye ọrụ juputara a eluigwe na ala ume?

A nti azịza ọ bụla nke ajụjụ ndị a na-eme ka ndụ ya n'ezie ịrịba ama.