Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov: biography (foto)

Na mba anyị ma na ụwa dum dị maara nke ọma aha nke cosmonaut Leonov. Alexei Leonov mbụ na mbara mere video a filming, na-ahapụ ugboelu. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-egosi gị otú ọ bụ na ihe mere o e ọdịda nke aha dike nke Soviet Union maka mmejuputa iwu ndị dị otú ahụ a yiri mfe iji ọrụ. Ọzọkwa kọwaa ihe mere, n'ihi na nke a ozi Sergey Korolov họọrọ ya. Biography Alekseya Leonova - bụ akara aka nke ndị nkịtị Soviet onye nke kasị ezinụlọ nkịtị.

nwata

Alexei Leonov mụrụ na 1934 na Siberia obodo Listvyanka, nke dị na Kemerovo mpaghara. Nnukwu ezinụlọ nke ọ bụ nke asatọ nwa, aku oru ugbo oru. The nna, a ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọkụ eletrik si Donbass, mgbe Civil War, ọ kwagara Siberia maka nna ya, ndị nna nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Astronotu, malite arụ ọrụ dị ka a anụ ụlọ ọkachamara. Nne biri na a ebe n'ihu. Alekseya Leonova nna nna a chụgara ndị ebe ha na-ekere òkè revolutionary ihe ndị mere 1905.

Nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu cosmonaut Arhip Leonov, nwoke nwere ọgụgụ isi na-arụsi ọrụ ike, meriwo ùgwù n'etiti ndị obodo na a họpụtara onyeisi oche nke obodo kansul. The ife nke ada adịghị emebiwo na ezinụlọ. Nna 1936 ka ada, ma na 1939, iji weghachi ikike na ziri nnọọ ezi.

About nne na nna ezinụlọ na nke nwata Alexei amaghị. Olileanya ahụ, ọ ga-ahapụ a zuru ezu akwụkwọ nke memoirs.

Na 1938, Alexei nne kwagara Kemerovo. E, mgbe o tolitere, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ. First grader afọ itoolu.

Na 1948, ezinụlọ ya kwagara-adịgide adịgide obibi n'ime ọhụrụ, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ebe Soviet Union. Kaliningrad bụ n'obodo maka Alekseya Arhipovicha. Tam na ezinụlọ ya ndụ taa. Na otu nke n'ámá na akụkụ bụ isi nke obodo ahụ bụ a ncheta na nsọpụrụ nke ohere nchọpụta. Ọ na-esite n'ebe n'okporo ámá, yi aha cosmonaut Leonov.

Arụ - pilot fighter

Interest ke ikpe lotnomu Alexei Leonov emeghị bilie site ohere. Ya nwoke tọrọ, Peter Arkhipovich, bụ a toolmaker, a oké ọkachamara ubi ha. O ji ọchịchọ obi-akọrọ ya ihe ọmụma na Alesha.

E wezụga technology Alexei Arkhipovich nwere mmasi egwuregwu. Ọ na-aku fencing, ịgba ígwè, ube na egwuregwu. Ọ nwere discharges. Ya nwere mmasị na sere ghọọ a oké talent.

Kaliningrad, ya onwe maara Alekseem Arhipovichem, cheta na ọ bụ oké Ihọd - awuasara, egwuregwu,-eji obi ụtọ na obiọma.

The mbụ airfield mmụta Alexei Leonov wee na Kremenchug, na ụgbọ elu na ụlọ akwụkwọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-amụ na Higher School Chuguyivske fighter pilot, mgbe nke, na mbubreyo fifties, ama on ọgụ ugbo elu.

Ìgwè nke mbụ nke cosmonauts

Sergei Korolev nke ọma họrọ-aga ime iji ofufe n'ime ohere. The track ndekọ Alekseya Leonova na mgbakwunye na nke magburu onwe ya e ji mara ebe nke ọrụ ma na-magburu onwe egwuregwu ọzụzụ a ọzọ na ọdịda fighter mig-15bis na oké ọnọdụ na engine stalled. Ná mmalite sixties ya kwetara na mbụ, Gagarin, cosmonaut Ndị agha, a gụnyere iri abụọ ndị.

Site spacewalk Alexei Leonov a kwadebere n'ụzọ zuru okè. Ke adianade ya squad nke cosmonauts ndị ọzọ ọ na-erughị eru na-aga ime. Nke a Valery Bykovsky na Pavel Popovich, na Victor Gorbatenko, na Vladimir Komarov, na Ivan Anikeev, na ndị ọzọ. A ngụkọta nke 20 ndị mmadụ. Nyochawa, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike idi nsogbu ọ bụla chepụtara echepụta ọnọdụ. S. P. Korolov kpebiri Alexei Arkhipovich dị ka onye nwere ike kasị kọwaa n'ụzọ ziri ezi echiche nke ohere. Na na ọ mere.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na preparations maka spacewalk ugboro ugboro na juputara na-arụ ọrụ n'elu na ala, ihe niile na-enye ọ dị agaghị ekwe omume.

Ọzụzụ ada itie ke pụrụ iche ulo nile, ebe simulated weightlessness. Na dị na Mmebe nke onye indices, nakwa dị ka na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ikuku n'ime uwe na-atụ anya ihere ọnọdụ suut anyị wuru iche iche n'okpuru onye ọ bụla Astronotu.

N'ụzọ ziri ezi simulate niile na ọnọdụ ọhụrụ n'ihi bi n'ụwa ebe laabu ọnọdụ bụ ekwe omume. N'ihi nke a, ndị mbụ astronauts na-gụrụ oké ize ndụ.

The eziokwu banyere ụgbọ elu - a taboo maka ụmụ amaala nke USSR

Ụzọ ọpụpụ Leonov na-emeghe ohere nwere ike hụrụ na akwụkwọ film, nke ndị mejupụtara ha rifọrọ, iwere ha na igwefoto. Ọ na-ele nnọọ nnukwu picture-ese ndị ya. Nke a bụ kpọmkwem ihe oyiyi nke ụgbọ mmiri, na-esote, ke uwe, Alexei Leonov. picture picture kwuru n'isiokwu a. M ga-asịkwa na Soviet ugboro ịhụ a sere nwere ike naanị họrọ. Obere ụgbọ mmiri size tụnyere ya abụọ njem anya bụghị naanị mmasị. Ha na-amanye anya na ohere ọsụ ụzọ dị ka ndị mmadụ nnukwu obi ike.

Nkọwa nke a merenụ na Soviet ugboro na-ezo ezo. The bi kwesịghị maara nke miscalculations ma ọ bụ njehie nke mba sayensị na nkà na ụzụ ezughị okè.

The sere, nke na-egosi Alexei Leonov, mbụ ohere nwoke bụ na free ọsọ, na-apụta ìhè: ụgbọ akụkụ bụ otú obere na ọ nwere ike sonso dabara mmadụ abụọ. Ọ dịghị free ohere. Ee, ọ bụ ya, dabere na ebumnobi setịpụrụ maka astronauts na oge ha na-ọsọ, ọ dịghị mkpa.

The mbụ ụgbọ elu, photographing

Na 1965, ndị Soviet spaceship "Voskhod-2" ka a ụgbọ elu gburugburu Earth. The isi nzube bụ iji nwalee ohere nke nwoke na ngwaọrụ kere n'elu ala na-ebu na-arụ ọrụ na agụụ. The ọrụ - Pavel Belyayev na Alexei Leonov.

Arọ atọ ka preflight nkwadebe, na na 1 n'ụbọchị, 2 awa, 2 nkeji na 17 sekọnd nke ụgbọ elu, ma oge na-emeghe ohere - 23 nkeji na 41 sekọnd. Spacewalk Alekseya Leonova a na-enwekarị ịgbara si ụgbọ mmiri na 5,35 mita. Ọ dịgidere 12 nkeji na 9 sekọnd. The mbara igwe jikọọ a cable ụgbọ mmiri, na-onwem na a nko na akaghị. nko Perestogivanie aka mbanye ma ọ bụ pụọ ugboelu ahụ chọrọ ogologo.

The isi ọrụ nke nke bụ ịrụ Alexei Leonov na cosmos - na-photographing na igwefoto na mikrofotoapparat. Video si n'ụzọ zuru okè dị ka ọ bụ ike n'okpuru mgbe tupu art. Ma lee foto na mikrofotoapparata, chọpụtara na a obere ahụ, size of a button, oghere na uwe, okpu. N'ihi na deformation of mbara igwe uwe enweghị ike bulie USB, ịrụ ọrụ nke igwefoto buttons, na pneumatic punching bag, + nke a nọ na-etinye na na ọgwụgwụ ya, na-apụ n'oge opupu si ámá. Ọ na-ejide na manhole cover.

Na mberede nke spacesuit

Spacesuit Alexei bụ nnọọ zuru okè. Ọ nwalere na kacha kwere omume dị iche n'etiti mpụga na esịtidem nsogbu, o nwere ike simulated na Earth. Ọ bụ kwa n'ebe dị anya ihe na-ewe ebe ohere. The mgbali n'ime uwe - 600 mm HG. kọlụm n'èzí - 9mm. N'ihi ya, ọ mụbara. Ọ na-adị ndụ na mkwado ọgịrịga na straps. Aka na ụkwụ na-aba na-esi na ọgwụgwụ nke aka uwe ma ude na ụkwụ. The uwe aghọwo unmanageable Capsule, nke aka a na-enweghị enyemaka ndị mmadụ. Pavel Belyayev, onyeisi hụrụ ihe na-aga na ndị uwe Leonova, ma ike ọ gaghị enyere ihe ọ bụla. Alexei Arkhipovich-eme atụmatụ na ihe otu hour, ọ na-eku ume dị ọcha oxygen na nitrogen, nke bụ ugbu a na-eku ume gas na a ụgbọ mmiri, a ga-ọcha n'ebe ọbara. O kpebiri dochie mgbali n'ime spacesuit. A machibidoro iwu ntụziaka, ma ihe ọzọ ọ na-ahụbeghị. Ọ bụrụ na nitrogen nọgidere na ọbara, ọ gaara sie, na nke ahụ pụtara ọnwụ. Nitrogen bu na Alexei Arkhipovich, akụta na otstogivaya tether bupu, ihe mere ya ụzọ.

Ihe mgbagwoju anya na airlock

Size airlock onu bụ ihe na-erughị achọrọ akụkụ maka Astronotu, nke ubu obosara edo na elu -. 68 cm Dị ka ụzọ na meghere baa n'ime, na ọnụ ụzọ ámá n'obosara - 1 m, ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-atụgharị na na ya. Alexei Arkhipovich dabara na ma mechie batten ala hatches, ọ dị mkpa ma belata size nke iyi akwa cover ma ọ bụ belata lodgement. Nanị dịkwuo size nke ụgbọ mmiri bụghị kwere omume. Maka ichebe esịtidem ụzọ ámá size bụ onwe ya Alexei Leonov. Access na ohere na laghachi ụgbọ mmiri, ndị kasị ò usoro nke nzọụkwụ nke ọma calibrate na ọtụtụ ugboro na-eme na simulators. Ma na-amụ ha ọmụmụ, ma ihe bụ ezie adịghị stinted na ịtụnanya.

Cosmonaut wee banye elu mkpuciị anwụ ala, dị ka aro ndị ọzọ ergonomic na isi. Iji batten ala onu mkpa idokwa ahụ 180 degrees. The ozi na echiche nke size na tightness Astronotu arhitrudnaya ụzọ ámá. Alexei Arkhipovich mesịrị cheta na ya usu ọnụego site na njedebe nke a ihe mgbagwoju anya bụ 200 gafere kwa nkeji, na Ọsụsọ n'ime ya anya ebe iyi. Ugbu a, anyi ga-ekewapụkwa ámá na ị nwere ike na-alaghachi n'ụlọ na Earth. Ma ya tụgharịa na n'iyì.

Mgbe nkewa nke airlock ship malitere bugharia gburugburu ya axis, nsogbu n'ime malitere itolite. Mbara igwe nwere ike na-anya na akwara. Kwụsị usoro agaghị ekwe omume. Ha ga-iwelata okpomọkụ ma na iru mmiri na osisi. Pressure-aga n'ihu na-ebili. The nwetụrụ icheku ọkụ - na na ụgbọ mmiri ga-adọwa n'ime ụmụ irighiri. Ụfọdụ ebe, Alexei Leonov na Pavel Belyaev ná mgbagwoju - ma amaghị ihe ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ na-ehi ụra. E mesịa, mgbe na-agụ ngwá osise, ya tụgharịa na nsogbu n'ime ụgbọala kama nke 160 atmospheres ruru akara nke 920 mm HG, mgbe nke ahụ ọ bịara spontaneously ibelata.

Nke bụ eziokwu na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ banyere otu awa bụ na a static ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ oruru. Otu akụkụ nke ya na-+150 degrees Celsius ụtọ anyanwụ, na ndị ọzọ bụ na ndò, jụụ -140 degrees. N'ihi ya, ahụ ka ụgbọ ahụ mechiri emechi na-eri eri. Automation rụrụ ọrụ n'ime mode nke akwụ ụgwọ nke leakage nke oxygen. Na njedebe, nrụgide aghọwo otú elu na pinned n'ime iyi akwa. Oru natara na ngwá natara a kwekọrọ ekwekọ mgbaàmà igba obara ngafe nsogbu. The ugboelu nke elu-igwe site na n'èzí nke ụgbọ mmiri n'akụkụ nyere ya a rotational ngagharị.

bụ ime ka adiana ikwu, a okwu nke na Usoro ahụ, ya bụ mfe. N'Ihu e nwekwara otu onye ọzọ ọrụ - ọdịda.

ejechi akwụkwọ ọdịda

Ọ na-kweere na-ahụ-ma ọdịda - kasị dị mgbagwoju Filiks ke management nke ugboelu. "Voskhod-2" nọdụ ala ná ntuziaka mode. Kama nke zubere isi ihe n'otu Kustanai ọ nọrọ na ọkara mita snow muffled na Ural apịtị na 200 km si Perm. History anapụta astronauts si apịtị n'agha odot a iweputa isi. Alexei Leonov na Pavel Belyaev nọrọ abalị abụọ, ọbọp ke ikpa, flayed si n'ime elu nke ugboelu, ụtọ site ọkụ, na Alexei Arkhipovich eme omumu, Anam Udeme na straps nke parachute, jidesienụ n'elu pines. Nri ngwaahịa na ha nwere - ifriizi-Fikiere anụ, chocolate, biscuits na cheese na udara ihe ọṅụṅụ.

Mgbe astronauts hụrụ, ma ọ bụ awa anọ mgbe touchdown (a nyeere na-egbuke egbuke oroma kanopi kilometa parachute ụgbọ elu nke hụrụ bi nso niile), ha na-atụsa ọkụ uwe na ihe oriri, ma na-esi na-akwọ ụgbọelu, rescuers enweghi ike. N'ihi na esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nwere ka ndokwa a ebe ala na helikopta. Osisi ohi brigeedi rutere na chainsaws ma ekpocha mezie.

Arụsị na okwukwe

Alexei Leonov kwuru na Sergey Pavlovich Korolov, mmebe nke Soviet ohere mmiri, onye kere uwa ụlọ ọrụ sayensị nakwa ụlọ ọrụ, ndị cynic, pessimist na-arụ eziokwu ụka, were ndụ ugbu a nakwa n'ọdịnihu bụ naanị a-adị njọ otu maka astronauts bụ ihe karịrị a nna. Ọ bụ ha chi.

Ọ ga-kwuru na Soviet ugboelu okwu nke pụrụ ịdabere na nchebe ndị budata elu karịa asọmpi 'mmiri - na United States. Ebe ọ bụ na mba anyị amalite ohere ngagharị n'oge ịzụ flights na efu ise astronauts, mgbe ndị America lie 17 astronauts. Ihe kpatara anyị ọdachi - a na-akpọ ụmụ mmadụ na-akpata. Technology daghi ọbụna otu ugboro.

Valentin Bondarenko nwụrụ n'oge ule na psychological kwụsie ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke naanị adị. Ọ mere na ndị Institute nke Aerospace Medicine na a ọkụ a hyperbaric ụlọ. Vladimir Komarov e gburu mgbe akuku - parachute emeghị emeghe. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov na Viktor Patsaev gburu depressurization nke ụgbọ mmiri na oge nke akuku.

Agbaghara ụgbọ elu

The abụọ ụgbọ elu Alekseya Leonova bụ ga-enwe na June 1961. The-arụ ọrụ gụnyere atọ astronauts - Alekseya Leonova, Valery Kubasova na Peter Kolodin. Ntakịrị oge tupu ndokwa mmalite ụbọchị nke ọgwụ osisi hụrụ Valery nta dimming n'ìhè. Ọ kpebiri iziga ndabere ndi oru ugbo. N'ihi na nke mbụ, ọ bụ a ọdachi: Peter mgbe ama n'ime uwa, na n'ihi nguzo-ins - a kechioma ezumike. ụgbọ elu omume rụrụ brilliantly. N'oge re-ntinye mere nsogbu. Mbara igwe na-ezighị meghere oru valvụ.

The ụgbọ mmiri mere a adụ ọdịda na-zubere mpaghara, ma enweghị ike ịzọpụta ndị ya. Ọ bụ Viktor Patsaev, Vladislav Volkov na Georgy Dobrovolsky.

abụọ ụgbọ elu

Aleksei Leonov na ohere bụ a abụọ. The mbụ ụgbọ elu ahụ na March 1965. The oghe ogologo Alexei Leonov wee si otu ugboro. Ya ntule - na ohere na-ebi ndụ na-arụ ọrụ.

The abụọ mgbe o gara ebe ahụ na July 1976. Ọrụ na orbit were 5 ụbọchị, 22 awa, 30 nkeji na 51 sekọnd. Ọ bụ mba oru ngo a. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ - docking modul na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere. Ama na ohere Soviet "Soyuz-19" na Alexei Leonov na Valeriem Kubasovym na American "Apollo" na atọ astronauts - Thomas Stafford, Donald Slayton na Vance Brand.

na-ese na-talent

N'ihi nka talent nke Astronotu mmadụ niile nwere ike ịmụta otú ụwa na anya dị ka n'èzí mbara ikuku, n'ihi na n'oge foto e mepụtara na ohere, naanị na nwa na-acha ọcha. Ruo mgbe now, ohere na-photographing a ụfọdụ complexity. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị ọzọ karịa na Earth maka a mkpebi Gbasara Anya, a ụdị mgbasa nke ìhè ụzarị, ọzọ refraction.

Ịpụ iche nke onye na-ese Alekseya Leonova ke eziokwu na ọ bụ na ya canvases na nkenke engineering aruputaghari teknuzu atụmatụ nke ohere technology na mbara igwe uwe. A nkọ anya nke na-ese kpebisiri ihe na agba na-ugbu a na ụdịdị dị iche iche nke w Okirikiri.

Alexei Arkhipovich abuana ke e kere eke nke maka ozi stampụ nke isiokwu nke ohere. Na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha - na ugbu a na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke ohere ngagharị. Ha na-adọrọ nnọọ mmasị tụlee. Were a lee anya na foto. Alekseya Leonova pụrụ iwere a onye nsiridi nwoke nwee ike ịkọ ọdịnihu, n'ihi na ihe ọ na-anọchi anya, abụghị ma na afọ ndị ahụ.

Life na Earth

Alexei Arkhipovich ugboro abụọ ama n'ime uwa. Ọ na-ọdịda abụọ kpakpando ndị dike ndị Soviet Union, Order of Lenin na Red Star ma Ọla nke mba anyị ma n'èzí, bụ ihe asọpụrụ amaala iri atọ Russian na n'obodo ndị ọzọ.

A ọnwa ndagwurugwu ahụ aha ya, nakwa mbara ala ndị Kimah Libra.

Alexei Leonov, Major General Aviation idobere, tinyere ndụ ya na cosmos. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovskogo, gụnyere Postgraduate. Alexei Arkhipovich ogologo-aku ọzụzụ nke astronauts ma oghere ngwá imewe. O nwere ndị nnyocha n'ọhịa nke ọhụụ nghọta nke na agba na ìhè e ji mara mgbe ohere ụgbọ elu, ohere na oge nghọta na ohere, na psychological nsogbu nke interplanetary ụgbọ elu, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọzọ na nkà mmụta sayensị nakwa ibuo ọrụ.

Ọ bụ di na nwunye na nwere onye ada abụọ ụmụ.

Mmalite nke atọ Millennium

Ugbu, cosmonaut Leonov Aleksey Arhipovich bi na Moscow. N'oge ndị gara aga, 2014, n'afọ nke Russian Federation president Vladimir Putin-ọdịda ya na Order "N'ihi Enen» III n'ókè ụfọdụ. N'ihi ya, ọ nọ na-akara ụbọchị ncheta nke octogenarian Astronotu, onye ya nile ndụ a ọtụtụ na-amị mkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka ọdịmma ndị n'ala nna ya. Ọ ga-anọgide na anyị ebe nchekwa dị a onye mere a oké onyinye ngagharị ohere na nkà mmụta sayensị, na dị ka onye na-ese, na-egosi ndị mmadụ n'ụwa n'èzí ụwa ikuku. Personality nlereanya o kwere omume na mkpa ịkụziri ndị na-eto eto - ọ bụ na-Alexei Leonov. Ya biography bụ incredibly akpali. Ya The Epic ohere pụrụ ịchọta akwụkwọ A. S. Eliseeva 'Life - a dobe na oké osimiri. " On ya na-ọtụtụ akụkọ filmed.