Dara hydrogen

Dara hydrogen, nke bụ nrụgide nke anọ na ọkara nde atmospheres, nwere ihe ndị kasị oké egwu mgbanwe okpomọkụ na nso nke elu okpomọkụ na-eduzi. Dị ka mbido mgbawa, Italo-Germany ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ọnụ ọmụmụ physics, oké egwu okpomọkụ nke mmewere bụ hà 242 K (mwepu iri atọ na otu degrees Celsius).

Hydrogen gas na-gasị na okpomọkụ nke 20 C. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ bụ ka ala na 6 K, ọ nwere ike converted n'ime siri ike kwuo mmewere. Hanington Wigner na na 1935 chere na mmepụta nke hydrogen na a laabu. Dị ka ha, ọ dị mkpa iji a elu nsogbu - banyere 25 GPa (GPa bụ mkpokọta hà otu iri puku atmospheres). N'ihi ya, n'okpuru elu nsogbu so amama n'ime ihe isotope nke hydrogen - a dielectric mmewere conductive. Ọ ga-kwuru na gas na mbụ ala nwere conductive Njirimara. Nakwa dị ka ọla, mmewere enịmde ọkụ eletrik, mgbe ọ pụrụ ịbụ na ihe siri ike ala. Ndị ọzọ okwu, hydrogen nwere ike a na mmiri mmiri na-enwe dara Njirimara.

Na 1971 bịara n'akwụkwọ ọrụ Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị na theorists gawa site Kagan. physics otu gosipụtara na metal hydrogen nwere ike metastable. Nke a pụtara na mgbe cessation nke n'ebe elu mgbali mmewere adịghị akpali akpasarade ala - gas, nke nwere dielectric Njirimara. N'otu oge ahụ ọ bụ ka edoghị ma a nzọụkwụ bụ zuru ezu ogologo ka nwere oge iji metal hydrogen.

The mbụ ihe ịga nke ọma na ule plan, a kwadebere na 1975, afọ na February. A ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-edu Vereshchagin kere dara hydrogen. N'okpuru nduzi nke okpomọkụ nke 4.2 K na a mkpa oyi akwa cell na a diamond anvils nwekwara doro a mgbali nke iji nke 300 GPa chọpụtara ọnụ na electric-eguzogide nke gas na ọtụtụ nde ugboro. Nke a gosiri na mgbanwe nke hydrogen na dara ala.

N'ihi na elu nsogbu diamond igwe anvil etinyere. Ọ na-dị n'ụdị abụọ wuru diamond tipped enwe megide onye ọ bụla ọzọ site n'ọnụ a pịa. N'ihi ya, ịkpụ, na dayameta - nke iji nke a ole na ole otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke a millimeter, guzobere achọrọ nsogbu. A na saịtị na-mma sample na cell. The sample ke otu ebe bụ eriju afọ akụrụngwa: miniature thermocouples, electrodes na ndị ọzọ ji atụ ngwaọrụ.

Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ịmata ihe na-ekwe omume nke a ụdi mgbanwe na superconducting ala nke metal. First Jụọ nsogbu a Neil Ashcroft. Theorist buru amụma na dara hydrogen ga-abụ "osisi" Njirimara mgbe ọ gụrụ okpomọkụ n'elu 200 K.

Dịtụ bipụtara na nso nso-arụ ọrụ nke German na Italian physics. Ihe ndị na-ekwu na site elektrọn-phonon usoro nke guzobere Cooper ụzọ abụọ enweta ndekọ index oké egwu okpomọkụ - 242 K. Na nke a, Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa na n'ebe elu nsogbu - banyere 450 GPa, na nke a, n'aka nke ya, nke anọ na ọkara nde ugboro ikuku nsogbu.

Mgbe akpụ elektrọn-phonon Cooper ụzọ abụọ maka ngagharị na a oge lattice na elektrọn adọta ọzọ mgbawa ion, ghaghị ebubo. N'ihi ya, ọ a nta deformation nke lattice, na n'ihi na a obere oge na-enwekwu ịta nke oma ụgwọ. Site na ịba ụba ịta nke ọzọ elektrọn mma. Ya mere abụọ electrons na-mmasị na ya. Na a nonzero okpomọkụ na mmajijiji nke ion banyere ha ịha ekwu. Phonons - quanta a data fluctuations.