Diene hydrocarbons: Ọdịdị, isomerism na nomenclature

Diene hydrocarbons (diolefins alkadienes dienes) - jupụta hydrocarbons, na Ọdịdị na n'ebe mmadụ abụọ abụọ agbụ. Ịtụle chemical Ọdịdị alkadienes na-ekewa atọ ụdị: m pịnye - a cumulated diolefins nkekọ (SN2SSN2); Ụdị II - alkadienes na conjugation (conjugated) linkages; abụọ nkekọ na diene Ọdịdị na-iche site na otu nkekọ (N2SSNSNSN2); Type III - dienes na gwara mmanụ njikọ (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

Diene hydrocarbons: general e ji mara

Nke atọ ụdị dienes kasị mmasị na chemical ụlọ ọrụ ụdị II bụ alkadienes. Iji elektrọn chọpụtara na abụọ nkekọ na butadiene molekul n'etiti C1 na C4 bụ ogologo oge karịa ethylene molekul.

Diene hydrocarbons: isomerism

N'ihi na ndị a organic ogige ji abụọ na ụdị isomerism - gbasara ohere (stereoisomerism) na bughi. The mbụ ụdị - bughi isomerism hydrocarbon yinye nke nwere ike ịbụ ogologo ma ọ bụ branched. The abụọ ụdị isomerism bụ n'ihi na gbasara ohere orunótu nke atọm na atọm dị iche iche gburugburu abụọ agbụ. N'ihi ya kpụrụ trans- na CIS-isomers dienes. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'ihi na a molekụla usoro diene S5N8 e nwere atọ bughi isomers:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene hydrocarbons: nomenclature

N'ihi diene aha iji abụọ nomenclatures - akụkọ ihe mere eme (eg, divines Allen) na IUPAC (International Union of theoretically na Applied Chemistry). Dị ka IUPAC nomenclature, mbụ a na-akpọ diene kwekọrọ ekwekọ alkane, n'aha nke "en" na-anọchi ndị suffix "diene", mgbe ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi ebe orunótu nke abụọ nkekọ na hydrocarbon yinye. hydrocarbon yinye Nọmba a rụrụ ka nọmba nwere kasị ala uru. dienes nke usoro nyere n'elu IUPAC nomenclature ga-ezo dị ka ndị a: 1,4-pentadiene; 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-pentadiene.

E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ulo oru na laabu ụzọ diene njikọ. Ndị bụ isi bụ depolymerization nke eke roba (akọrọ distillation), na usoro catalytic akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke alkanes, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ usoro monohydric jupụta alcohols.

Butadiene - a bara uru akụrụngwa n'ihi amị sịntetik rubbers (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), nakwa dị ka perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - a umi na a ji mara ísì ụtọ. First isoprene emepụta si eke roba site akọrọ distillation. Isoprene na-akwado ya site na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke isopentane. Iji na-emepụta sịntetik roba, ọgwụ na aromatic bekee.

Rubbers - nnọọ ike na-agbanwe ihe onwunwe nke organic si malite nke a na-emepụta si eke ngwaọrụ (eke roba) na sịntetik ụzọ (sịntetik). Ndabere nke roba bụ diene molekul conjugation na abụọ agbụ. The taya eme n'oge nhazi nke ihe onwunwe na kpo oku sọlfọ (vulcanization). Rubbers - a dị nnọọ mkpa akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke taya na akpa, egbochi ihe ibe, roba mittens, akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ, ezinụlọ, anụ ụlọ, ọgwụ na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa anụmanụ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

Ethylenic hydrocarbons na ha mebere atumatu nwere otu mkpi nkekọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị a ogige na-ezo olefins n'ihi na ala gaseous alkenes imeghachi omume na chlorine ma ọ bụ bromine na-etolite ihe mmanu mmanu compound, nke bụ unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri.

Acetylenic hydrocarbons (alkynes) - ogige, nke nwere otu Mmaji nkekọ. The kasị elu uru nke niile alkynes bụ acetylene nke na-enwetara site omume calcium carbide na mmiri. Nke a gas-eji na autogenous ịgbado ọkụ na ịcha ọla. Acetylene - a bara uru akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetylene, acid acetate, benzene, trichloroethane, acrylonitrile.