Ebute nitrate. Chemical Njirimara, na ojiji nke

Ebute nitrate - bụ ihe inorganic compound enwe ndị na-esonụ usoro: Pb (NO3) 2. Na nkịtị ala bụ a na-acha ọcha ntụ ntụ ma ọ colorless kristal. Nke a na umi bụ ukwuu soluble n'ime mmiri.

nkịtị Njirimara

1. Ọ bụ ọma soluble na absorption nke okpomọkụ n'ime H2O (mmiri), agụghị oké - na acetone, nakwa dị ka methyl na ethyl alcohols.
2. Ọ Nleta colorless kristal diamagnetic, njupụta 4,530 g / santimetr³. Onye ọ bụla atọm Pb (edu ndú) gbara gburugburu iri na abụọ atọm nke O (oxygen). Pb-O nkekọ ogologo 0,281 nm, na NO - 0.127 nm. Bụ cubic usoro. Pa3 bụ ohere otu. nwekwara monoclinic ụdị e nwetara ma e wezụga cubic umu na ọbụna mgbe ewe iwe-agụghị oké soluble na H2O (mmiri).
3. ebute agbaze okpomọkụ nke 600,65 K.

Olee otú iji nweta ụzọ nitrate

Nke a na umi na-ahụghị ke uwa. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ mepụtara ụfọdụ ụzọ (ulo oru na laabu), nke na-ebelata ka mgbasa nke-edu ndú (Pb), ya hydroxide ma ọ bụ oxide na itughari nitric acid. Jeremaya mere:
3Pb (edu ndú) + 8HNO3 (nitric acid) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (edu ndú nitrate) + 2NO (nitric oxide a tọhapụrụ ka gas) + 4H2O (mmiri);
PbO (edu ndú oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (edu ndú nitrate) + H2O (mmiri);
Pb (OH) 2 (edu ndú hydroxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (edu ndú dinitrate) + 3H2O (mmiri).

Iji ebelata hydrolysis ma belata solubility nke-edu ndú dinitrate nitric acid kwesịrị iwere na ngafe.

Ọzọkwa, ụzọ dinitrate nwetara dị ka a byproduct na ọcha nke n'efu acid, nitric acid, e.g., mgbe nhazi n'efu edu ndú-bismuth ụlọ mmepụta ihe. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị compound na-eji maka cyanide leaching nke gold.

Gịnị bụ chemical Njirimara nwere ụzọ nitrate

1. otu okenye ihe ngwọta nke-edu ndú nitrate dissociates n'ime anions nitrate na-edu ndú cations. Ebe a bụ ihe a mmeghachi omume:

Pb (NO3) 2 (edu ndú dinitrate) = Pb2 + (edu ndú cation) + 2NO3- (nitrogen oxide anion)

Ihe ngwọta bụ hydrolyzed ụzọ dinitrate. Mgbe ihe ngafe ego nitratokompleksy NO3- na-emepụta: [Pb (NO3) 6] 3-, [Pb (NO3) 4] 2- na [Pb (NO3) 3] -. Ọ bụrụ na onye Onyenwe anyị + nke ihe ngwọta na-abawanye, na n'ihi na-kere gidronitraty Pb (OH) x (NO3) y agbanwe mejupụtara. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha n'otu oge ahụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na ihe siri ike ala.

2. Ebe ọ bụ na dinitrate edu ndú bụ soluble compound, ọ bụ omume na-enweta ndị na-esonụ mgbanwe mmeghachi omume:

2HCl (hydrochloric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (edu ndú chloride precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
H2SO4 (na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (edu ndú sulfate precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
Pb (NO3) 2 (edu ndú nitrate) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = Pb (OH) 2 (edu ndú hydroxide precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate);
Pb (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (sodium azide) = Pb (N3) 2 (edu ndú azide, precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate).

Ọ bụla chemical compound nwere a ụzọ cation (Pb + 2) ga-eme na ihe ngwọta nke anion bụ iodide. Nke a Nleta a ịkpali nke odo-epe agba (Pbl2, edu ndú iodide). Ọ anya dị ka a mmeghachi omume:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

Otu mgbanwe mmeghachi omume siri ike na-adọ. Dị ka ihe atụ:

Pb (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (potassium) = Pbl2 (precipitates) + 2KNO3 (potassium nitrate)

The ojiji nke ụzọ nitrate

- eji dị ka a na-amalite ihe onwunwe n'ihi na mmepụta nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ogige nke Pb (edu ndú);
- dị ka ihe inhibitor nke naịlọn Polymers na ndị ọzọ na polyesters, dị ka a rodenticide, na coatings akwụkwọ fototermograficheskoy;
- dị ka na-edu ndú nitrate - na dovolno ize ndụ ogige na ulo oru ndi oru na-now iji ọzọ ogige. Ka ihe atụ, ke imewe nke akọwa, ọkụ na ezimezi oku kpamkpam hapụrụ ụzọ ogige.
- na laabu nke-edu ndú nitrate eji dị ka ezi ihe na-adaba adaba isi iyi nke dinitrogen tetroxide;
- dịtụ nso nso a na-amachaghị quantities nke a chemical compound eji na gold cyanidation.
- na Organic Chemistry, Pb (NO3) 2 na-eji dị ka oxidant, iji nweta a dithiocarbamate nke isothiocyanates. ya ruru ya elu toxicity na-eji na na na naa.

nchekwa

Ebute nitrate na nkewa dị ka Atiya 2A (eleghị anya carcinogenic ụmụ mmadụ compound). Anakwere inhalation of uzu oku ma ọ bụ ya ingestion na kọntaktị na akpụkpọ ma ọ bụ mucosa. ụzọ dinitrate kwesịrị nọ n'okpuru akara. Chemical nsi na a compound na-eduga ná nsi, gliomas na gbasara akụrụ cancer, ụbụrụ na akpa ume.