Guzobere, Secondary mmụta na ụlọ akwụkwọ
Education, dịgasị iche iche, Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke lysosomes
Isiokwu anyị na anyị ga-achọ itinye na ajụjụ banyere ihe ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke lysosomes. Anyị nwere ihe ọmụma zuru ezu anya na isiokwu dị iche iche akụkụ, gụnyere ọdịdị nke guzobere ndị a akụkụ, ha umu, atụmatụ nke ihe owuwu ma na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ okwu.
Tupu anyị atụlee ihe kasị ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke lysosomes, m chọrọ dokwuo anya ụfọdụ nkọwa. All ndụ nke na-agbakwa anyị gburugburu, na-ekewet nke ahaziri ahụ, na mkpụrụ ndụ. Ha nwere ike hụrụ naanị na a mikroskopu. Ma cell - bụ a zuru usoro esịnede nta akụkụ, nke na-akpọ organelles. Taa, anyị ga-ekwu banyere otu onye n'ime ha.
Lysosome: ihe ọ bụ?
Gịnị bụ ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke lysosomes? Nke a organelle obere nha, ya mere, ha nwere ike enịm ke a onu a nnukwu ego. N'aka nke ọzọ, ụfọdụ algae mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebu naanị 1 ma ọ bụ 2 lysosomes onye akụkụ bụ nnọọ ukwuu karịa nkịtị (banyere 0,2 microns). Ya mere, ihe niile na-lysosomes nwere ike kere atọ iche iche:
- isi;
- abụọ;
- mmapụta mkpụrụ ndụ.
Dị ka anyị na-atụle anya nke ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke lysosomes, n'ihu site isiokwu ọ na-aghọ doro anya ihe mere anyị mkpa ndị a na ụdị ihe na ihe ha pụtara maka cell ọrụ. Ọ bụ naanị dị mkpa ka dokwuo anya na ihe bụ isi lysosomes gaa sekọndrị, ma agbara usoro bụ ekwe omume.
Ọdịdị nke lysosomes
Gịnị bụ lysosomes, Ọdịdị na ọrụ? The table ga-enyere anyị aka imeri ihe bụ n'ime organelles. Organelles nwere ihe karịrị 50 dị iche iche protein enzymes. Lysosome onwe ya kpuchie a mkpa akpụkpọ ahụ na-ekewa ndị bioactive gị n'ụlọnga si n'ime cell gburugburu. Na table anyị na-ewetara ndị kasị mkpa enzymes na-akọwa ha ọrụ.
enzyme | uru |
esterase | Mkpa imebi ala mmanya ether. |
peptide hydrolase | Dị Mkpa maka hydrolysis nke ogige enwe a peptide nkekọ. Nke a na-agụnye na-edozi, peptides na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ bekee. |
nuclease | Otu a nke enzymes accelerates hydrolysis nke phosphodiester nkekọ na polynucleotide yinye nucleic asịd. N'ihi ya kpụrụ mono - na oligonucleotides. |
glucosidase | The enzymes nke otu a enye a usoro nke ekewa carbohydrates. |
hydrolase | Ha na-eji hydrolysis nke amides. |
The guzobere lysosomes
Yabụ na anyị ma ihe ndị lysosomes, ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ (nkenke) na anyị na-atụle, n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi n'isiokwu a. Anyị na-ama kwuru na organelles na-ekewa atọ dị iche iche (isi, sekọndrị na mmapụta mkpụrụ ndụ). Ìgwè nke mbụ a kpụrụ si akpụkpọ ahụ nke Golgi ngwa, ha na nzọụkwụ a na-adị mfe mgbagwoju anya na obere vacuoles. Lysosomes bụ organelles jikọrọ ọnụ na-etolite a ihe mgbagwoju Ọdịdị na nha.
Ọ bụrụ na onye bụ isi lysosome were ọ bụla umi, mgbe ahụ cell na-amalite usoro nke mgbaze. Organelle na bụ ike nke na-arapara na compound site enzymes, ugbua bụ nke na udi nke abụọ lysosomes. N'ihi ya, bekee pụrụ kpụrụ mgbaze compacted mmapụta sel (a bụ nke atọ na ogbo nke ndụ okirikiri nke lysosomes).
ọrụ nke organelles
Anyị enyocha ụdị nke lysosomes, ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ (ịhụ table) - na ọ bụ ihe ọzọ anyị ajụjụ. Anyị kpebiri iji ihe kasị doro anya na ihe kwere nghọta ụdị, ie tebụl.
ọrụ | feature |
intracellular mgbaze | Lysosomes nwere a ukwuu nke enzymes ike nke na-arapara ọ bụla ogige site hydrolysis. Na intracellular mgbaze emee. Bekee banye lysosomes na-esichara na-etolite a ala molekụla ibu ogige, nke ahụ na-eji cell maka ya mkpa. |
autophagy | Usoro a ga-ewepụ na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ ochie cell organelles. Autophagy - a ụzọ imelite cell organelles. |
autolysis | Ụzọ ọzọ, usoro nwere ike na-akpọ onwe-mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ. Mgbe akpụkpọ ahụ nke lysosomes mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebibi, nke ikpeazụ dies. |
ọgwụgwụ
Anyị mụtara, ihe bụ lysosomes. Akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ (ịhụ table) na-adade ke isiokwu. Ná mmechi ga-amasị m na-ekwu na mebiri nke data organelles nwere ike ụfọdụ ọrịa. Ka ihe atụ, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ mara butere n'aka ọrịa, ejikọrọ na mebiri nke ọrụ ịbụ lysosomes. Otu a nke pathologies gụnyere mucopolysaccharidoses, sfingolipidozy, glikoproteinozy na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
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