Electric dissociation: na usoro iwu ntọala electrochemistry

Electric dissociation arụ a nnukwu ọrụ ná ndụ anyị, ọ bụ ezie na anyị na-emekarị adịghị eche banyere ya. Nke a onu na-metụtara conductivity salts, asịd na bases na mmiri mmiri na-ajụ. Ebe mbụ obi rhythms mere site a "ndụ" na ọkụ eletrik na ahụ mmadụ, iri asatọ percent nke nke bụ ọmụmụ, ka ụgbọala, mobile phones na Player, rechargeable batrị na-apụtụghị electrochemical batrị, - n'ebe nile gburugburu anyị adịghị ahụ anya ugbu electric dissociation.

The ibu exhaling ajoo ulo oru ngo evaporation vats wụrụ awụ na elu okpomọkụ, bauxite electrolysis usoro na-enye a "nwere nku" metal - aluminum. All ihe anyị gburugburu, si chrome-plated okpomọkụ ahụ na-ekpuchi elu ọla ntị ná ntị unu nwetụworo na ngwọta ma ọ bụ wụrụ awụ salts, na ya mere na onu. Ọ bụghị n'efu eletriki dissociation mụọ dum alaka nke sayensị - electrochemistry.

N'elu mgbasa nke mgbaze mmiri mmiri-irighiri-abata chemical nkekọ na ụmụ irighiri nke solute, akpụ solvates. The okenye ihe ngwọta bụ ihe kasị susceptible ka dissociation nke nnu, asịd na bases. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a usoro ndị solute molekul nwere ike dissociate n'ime ion. Ka ihe atụ, otu okenye mgbaze n'okpuru nduzi nke ion nke Na ⁺ na CI ^-, nke di na ionic NaCI crystal retara na a mgbaze ajụ ugbua na ọhụrụ dị ka solvated (hydrated) ahụ.

Nke a na onu na-anọchi anya na kachasi mkpa a usoro nke zuru ezu ma ọ bụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ida nke etisasịwo umi n'ime ion dị ka a n'ihi nke ikpughe na mgbaze, na a na-akpọ "electric dissociation." Usoro a dị oké mkpa maka electrochemistry. Nke dị oké mkpa bụ na dissociation nke mgbagwoju multicomponent usoro e ji omume nke a nzọụkwụ. Mgbe a onu a na-hụrụ a nkọ mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ion na ngwọta, nke bụ na-akwanyere ùgwù si electroless electrolytic umi.

N'oge electrolysis ion nwere a ntụziaka doro anya nke ngagharị: ahụ na a mma ụgwọ (cations) - na-ezighị ezi na ebubo electrode, a na-akpọ cathode ma na-enwe ion (anions) - na anode electrode nke na-abụghị iwu, ebe ha na-atara. Cations na-ebelata na oxidized anions. Ya mere, dissociation bụ reversible.

Otu n'ime isi ihe e ji mara nke a electrochemical usoro ogo electrolytic dissociation, nke a na-egosipụta site ruru nke hydrated ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri etisasịwo umi. The elu nke akara, ndị ọzọ na nke a bụ a siri ike electrolyte umi. Dabere na nke a, ihe niile bekee na-ekewa-adịghị ike, na-ajụ ike na ike electrolytes.

Ogo dissociation na-adabere na ndị na-esonụ ihe: a) ọdịdị nke solute; b) ọdịdị nke ihe mgbaze, ya dielectric mgbe niile na polarity; c) ịta nke ihe ngwọta (na ala akara, nke ukwuu ruo n'ókè nke dissociation); g) okpomọkụ nke mgbasa ọkara. Ka ihe atụ, dissociation nke acetic acid nwere ike kwupụtara na-esonụ usoro:

Kra ₃ COOH ⁺ H + Kra ₃ Igba ^-

Strong electrolytes na-dissociated nta irreversibly n'ihi ha okenye ihe ngwọta na-adịghị anọgide na-unhydrated malite ụmụ irighiri na ion. Ọ kwesịkwara-kwukwara na dissociation usoro-emetụta ihe nile bekee nwere ionic na covalent pola ụdị chemical agbụ. Ozizi electrolytic dissociation chepụtara ama Swedish mmiri ọgwụ na physics Svante Arrhenius ke 1887.