Eze nke France. History of France. List of French eze

Ndị eze nke France na-aka kpọmkwem na mmepe nke uku a na mba. Akụkọ ihe mere eme ụbọchị laghachi puku afọ mbụ BC. Ná mmalite, na ókèala nke oge a ala anyị bi ebo nile nke Celts, na a ukwuu nke Greek chịrị dị na oké osimiri. Dị ka oge ochie isi mmalite, gburugburu otu oge Yuliyu Tsezaryu ike nọrọ n'okpuru ya ókèala bi na Gauls. The oké ọchịagha nyere ọbụna aha nke natara ala - Gallia Komachi. Mgbe ọdịda nke France na Rome ghọọ a ala njikere, na ha, n'aka nke ya, na-ngwa ngwa superseded site ndị Frank.

akụkọ ihe mere eme version

Ugbu a ọ na-anabata na ọdịnihu French rutere na ókèala nke Western Europe si Black Sea. Ha malitere jupụta n'ụwa site nnọọ bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Rhine. Mgbe Julian Frank nyere buru ibu ebe nke ala, na-enweghị obere ịnụ ọkụ n'obi ha malitere inyocha ndịda ókèala. Site na 420 nke afọ nke ọtụtụ ndị Frank gafere Rhine. Onye ndú ha bụ Pharamond.

Ịnọgide na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke River Somme ikom edu nwa-ya Chlodio. N'ebe ahụ, ọ tọrọ ntọala na alaeze Frank. The isi obodo e kwuru Turin. A ole na ole ruo iri afọ Chlodio nwa kpebiri na guzobere n'ezinụlọ eze. Nke a na nwoke aha - Mayors na ndị òtù usoro ndị eze kpụrụ ha malitere na-akpọ ndị Merovingians. Nke ahụ bụ otú akụkọ sitere ndị eze France.

ọzọ merenụ

Na narị afọ nke ise Korol Hlodvig mbụ budata gbasaa nwe franc. Ugbu a, ha nyere ndị Loire na Seine. Ndị eze nke France ghọrọ full-achị ndị dum elu na n'etiti Rhine. Na 469 Clovis kpebiri ịgbanwe okpukpe. Ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-achị ghọọ Ndị Kraịst. O nyeworo iji na-akwalite na-agha megide ndị na-achị nke Ọzọ, ndị na-ebu ha heresy. Mgbe ọnwụ nke King nke ala o meriri na-ekewa n'etiti ụmụ ya anọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ụmụ Clovis akp ha ike karịrị Gaul, Bavaria, Alemannia na Thuringia.

otu

Otu narị na iri ise franc steeti nwetaghachiri ya territorial n'otu. Clotaire II - Nwere Obi Ike King of France, onye-aghọtaghị na nanị agaghị anwa anwa mee ka ya ụzọ. Mgbe ike ya bụ alaeze buru ibu nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpakọrịta na ọtụtụ ndị gọvanọ, na ekemende natara utu aha nke na-adabere. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye na-achị Dagobert I.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ụmụ ya na-na-etinye na obi ike nke na ala, ma n'ihi na mgbe ọnwụ nke nna-ya otú ike n'otu n'ókèala ọzọ kewara n'ime anọ n'akụkụ. Mgbe ahụ soro a usoro nke agha obodo, n'ihi na ụmụ nwere ike ikpebi na onye ga-enweta. N'ihi na mgbe nile na esemokwu franc ike Bavaria, Alemannia, Thuringia, na Aquitaine furu efu.

arịa ọrịa

Na narị afọ nke asaa, ọ bụ doro anya na ndị eze France na ngwa ngwa buru na ọnọdụ ha. Ha agaghịkwa bụ ezigbo ike. The reins nke ike gafere n'aka onyeisi obodo nke ulo. Ikpeazụ ndị eze, ndị so Merovingian usoro ndị eze, na-French onwe ha na-akpọ "umengwụ". N'ime oge ahụ, ọnọdụ ghọrọ onyeisi obodo nke ulo-ketara eketa. All ruo nkwubi okwu na ha usoro ndị eze na ike ya nke na-ejide elu na eze.

Na nke a, ihe àmà siri kwuru onwe ya na-achị ndị n'obí Pepin nke Herstal. Na 680, ya ogwe aka gafere na nri ochichi nke dum Frank alaeze. Site na oge ọ na-achọkwa mgbalị nke anụmanụ na eze Theodoric III.

Ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ usoro ndị eze

Na 751, Pope Zachary jụrụ maka enyemaka iji onyeisi obodo nke n'obí Pepin. Ọ bụghị na o kwere omume na-enweghị ihe a mmeri nke Lombards. Ekele maka enyemaka ha Zachary Pepin kwere nkwa eze okpueze. A mbụ ukara n'oge nke onye na-achị Childeric III nwere arụkwaghịm.

N'ihi ya, e ndị eze France, na-anọchi anya Carolingian usoro ndị eze. Ọ na-aha ya bụ mgbe Karla Velikogo, onye bụ nwa Pepin na Short. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna tupu ntinye nke Charles na oche eze nna ya weghachiri iji na Frank alaeze, ọzọ ọ ndibọhọ Aquitaine na Thuringia. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ ike tuo na-agba ọsọ nke Arab, onye nwere Gaul, ma na-Septimania. Ọ tọrọ magburu onwe ntọala maka mmepe na ọganihu nke ndị na-eze.

Karl - King of France, bụ onye ike nweta ọbụna karị. Ọ ukwuu gbasaa n'ókè-ala nke mba. Ya mere franc a ala na ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ịgbatị na Elbe, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - ka Austria na Croatia, nke dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-- na North nke Spain, na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na North nke Italy. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Pope Leo III kpuwere Charlemagne dị ka eze ukwu Rom.

Otú ọ dị, ịdị adị nke alaeze ukwu adịteghị. Iwu nwere nanị Louis ndị nsọ nsọ (nwa Charles). Mgbe ọnwụ ya, ndị nketa kwetara banye Treaty nke Verdun. Nke a mere n'afọ 843. N'ihi ya, Karl alaeze ukwu ahụ kere atọ n'akụkụ - Lorraine, East Francia (nke e mesịrị Germany) na West-Frank ala (oge a France).

The ikpeazụ nnọchiteanya nke Carolingian usoro ndị eze - Louis na V - akpa ke 987. Direct nketa e, ya mere, ihe ịga nke ọma site a anya ikwu nke eze - Gugo Kapet. Ọ bụ ya bụ Baa Uru Duke nke Prague na French. The ọhụrụ edidem zutere nkwado nke ndị ụkọchukwu. Ebe ọ bụ na oge, na steeti nweela ya ugbu aha - France. A mụrụ m na a ọhụrụ usoro ndị eze - Capet. Nnọchianya ya na-achị na mba fọrọ nke nta narị afọ asatọ (na Valois na Bourbon offshoots akaụntụ).

Mgbanwe ofụri

Change isi mere ka a mgbanwe nke usoro ọchịchị. France emewo n'ime a classic feudal ala. Otú ọ dị, King eke bụ unenviable: n'okpuru ya kpọmkwem ikike a obere ebe nso isi obodo - Paris. All ọzọ na mpaghara nwere na ya a nọ n'okpuru mmekọrịta. Ọtụtụ mgbe karịrị ike nke onye-isi nke ókèala ọ dịla baa ọgaranya ma dị ike karịa eze. Ọ bụ ya mere ọ dịghị onye ọbụna rọrọ nke ahapụla enupụrụ ẹdude ọchịchị.

oge pụrụ iche

Itoolu na narị afọ nke iri, ghọrọ a dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na mba. N'oge a, na ugwu French n'ụsọ oké osimiri malitere kụrụ nnukwu quantities Vikings. Ha tọrọ ntọala Duchy nke Normandy, na mgbe nwara kpọọ nke Paris, ma o nweghị isi. Yiri nke agha Vikings jisiri-eme ya na England na 1066, William (Duke nke Normandy) jisiri ẹkemụm na English ocheeze. E mesịa, ọ tọrọ ntọala a usoro ndị eze na Normans.

nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ

Henry II - English maara ihe bụ onye ọchịchị nke jisiri ike bụrụ ndị kasị bara ọgaranya feudal onyenwe ya. O mere njem ugboro ugboro na mgbe laghachi ha n'ekwú na n'ụlọ na efu aka. Ke adianade do, o mere ụfọdụ nnọọ uru di na nwunye na meriri Normandy, Aquitaine, Brittany na Guyenne. Rubere ya na-asị nke Anjou. Otú ọ dị, ndị nketa nke oké onye na-achị nwere ike ekweta na a ike-ekere òkè. Esemokwu mere ka idem emem nke ala. French King Philip were uru ọnọdụ. O meriri fọrọ nke nta nile anāchi achi. N'okpuru ikike nke England nọgidere naanị Guyenne.

iri na atọ na narị afọ

Nke a na narị afọ ndabara ọma maka France. Ndị eze nke France, nke bụ a ndepụta niile agbatiri, jisiri Nweta nkwado nke poopu, na mgbe ahụ n'atụghị egwu che ume megide Cathar jụrụ okwukwe. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, Languedoc meriri, ma Flanders atụghị.

iri na anọ na narị afọ

Na 1314 ọ agabigawo Philip na Fair - Eze France si Capetian usoro ndị eze. O nwere umu-ndikom atọ na otu nwaanyị. Isabella jisiri ịlụ Edward II - English onye na-achị. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ụmụ niile Philip amuru naanị ụmụ agbọghọ, nke mere na France ihu a dynastic nsogbu, mgbe niile kpọmkwem ụmụ a nwoke hụrụ ebighi ike.

Ma ama na-ahọpụta a ọhụrụ onye na-achị. Ọ tụgharịrị na Filipp Valua. Edward atọ - nwa Isabel - gbalịrị ịrịọ mkpebi a, ma Salic Iwu na nyefe nke ocheeze site nwaanyị akara na-nditịm ajuru aju. The N'ihi nke ya enweghị afọ ojuju bụ Narị Afọ War. Ịga nke Ọma so mgbe France, mgbe ahụ, England. Otú ọ dị, na anyị amaghị okụrede mgbe ndị agha ada n'elu reins nkà ọchịagha Henry V. N'otu oge n'ocheeze France Charles IV nke gara, maara nke ọma n'ihi ya ahaghị nhata. Military uru akpatre e kenyere na British.

1415 ji e meriri French agha na Agincourt. Heinrich V mmeri banyere Paris. Eze amata onye-nketa nwa Henry nke ise.

Na 1429 ọ nọ na-kpuwere Charles VII. Ọ na-otoro na French na-akpakọrịta. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ụwa, kwubiri na Charles nke Burgundy. Na 1437, ọ na-laghachiri na Paris na 1450 - Normandy ke 1453 - Guyenne, na 1477 - Burgundy, wee Brittany. Naanị Calais nọgidere n'okpuru British na-achị.

Francis - Eze nke France, onye rigoro ebekpo ke 1515. Nna ya bụ Gụọ Angulenskim, a na nwa nwanne nna nke Louis nke iri na abụọ. Onye na-achị na-akpọ maka resumption nke contracts kwubiri na Henry nke Asatọ. The King of Navarre bu n'obi reconquer alaeze Castile na ma na-Duchy nke Milan, na nkwado nke Venice. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, ịgafe nke Ukwu kaniyon Argentiyskoe na Italy e mere. Warriors bufee ogbunigwe na aka ya na ghasara nkume mee ha. Francis jisiri merie Savoy na Duchy nke Milan. Site na nke a mkpọsa eze maara dị ka a ezi dike. Ọ malitere iji tụnyere Caesar.

Henry 2 - King of France, onye eze malitere na March 1547. Ọ gbalịrị ụdị nile nke ụzọ tufuo of Protestantism. N'ihi ya, na 1550 mba ahụ nọ laghachi n'obodo nke Boulogne. Ke adianade do, Henry 2 - King of France, reputed ịbụ onye na-implacable iro nke Charles nke ise. Ọ chịrị ruo 1559.

The eze France, Henry nwere onye nketa. Otú ọ dị, na oge nke nna-ya ọnwụ ọ na nanị afọ iri. O sina dị, ọ rịgooro ocheeze Karl 9. The King of France ikpeazụ so na genus Valois. Ruo mgbe 1563 ya na nne - Ekaterina Medichi - mere ka regent. Ọbubu-eze nke Charles itoolu ndị ji ọtụtụ mwute ihe, otu nke agha obodo na St. Bartholomew (uka ekpochapụ nke Huguenots).

Mgbe mbata nke Habsburgs ike nsogbu malitere na mba. N'oge Ndozigharị, ndị Protestant ọnụ ọgụgụ ka elu. Esiwanye, e nwere ndị metụtara nkà mmụta n'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya nke dị iche iche na-elekọta mmadụ strata. "Iwu nke Nhapụ", e kpebiri-ebipụta maka mweghachi nke udo. Mgbe iwu nke Henry nke atọ. Ọ na-gburu 1589 O nweghị nketa, otú ahụ ka ocheeze Genrih Navarrsky (anọ). Ọ si Protestant okwukwe Katọlik iji zere ọbara. Otú ọ dị, ngwa ngwa kwụsị mmegide ka adịghị mere.

Asaa-XVIII narị afọ,

Mgbe oge a obodo e guzobere absolutism. Mgbe Louis 13, ọ rịgooro ocheeze Louis 14 Eze nke France ike ókèala e nyere ya. The mba aghọwo ndị kasị dị ike na Europe. Ọ amụbawo n'ihi na mgbakwunye na nke Burgundy, West Flanders na Artois. Ọdịdị nke mbụ chịrị na North America na na India na-enye Louis 14 Eze nke France wuru oké ọchịchọ alaeze ukwu atụmatụ, ma afọ asaa War na esemokwu nke Austrian inwe ekweghị ka ya iji nweta ihe ọ chọrọ. N'ihi ya, ịchịkwa niile chịrị furu efu.

Na 1715, rịgooro ocheeze, Louis 15 - King of France, bụ onye so na Bourbon usoro ndị eze. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ nanị afọ ise. Young onye na-achị na-elekọta nke regent Filipp Orleansky. Ọ bụ megide iwu nke Louis 14, otú njikọ aka ha na England na gara agha na Spain. Ọbụna mgbe afọ na-eto eto onye na-achị ike nọgidere na-aka nke nwanne nna ya Philip. Na 1726, Louis 15, ka na-kwuru na-ewe reins, ma n'ezie na mba chịrị site Cardinal Fleury. Nke a kere ruo 1743. Rịba ama na ụdi ọbubu-eze nke Louis 15 na mba kasị emetụta n'ụzọ dị njọ.

The njedebe nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ akara mmalite nke Enlightenment. France bụ nke dị n'aka eze. Policy eze ọhụrụ - Louis XVI - ada ka aku nsogbu, ụkọ nri na mbelata nke ugbo. Dị ka a n'ihi nke akpọkọta nke General Staff (1789), na ike bụ na National Assembly. Nọ na ya na ihu ọma nke abolition nke feudal ikike, na ịnọ n'ụkọ nke na ama na ndị ụkọchukwu nke niile ùgwù, nakwa dị ka mwepụ nke Church si kwuo omume.

The obodo e kewara ngalaba (ngụkọta 83). Korol Lyudovik gbalagara, ma e jidere ya wee laghachi n'obodo ahụ. Aha nke King of France, ọ na-efu. Ọ na-na-ezughị ezu kwụọ ụgwọ elu ọnụ ike: Louis e nyere aha nke French eze. Ọ vetoed ọtụtụ ọhụrụ iwu, ma ha achọtaghi support ke otu onu. N'oge na-adịghị Louis ebubo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. Ọ na e gburu na 1793.

On ụzọ obodo

Ọtụtụ mba, edu eze usoro ndị eze, buso France. Na 1799, n'okpuru iwu nke Napoleon Bonaparte oké agha kuu hazie. Ndị bi na nke a ịmalite zutere ya nke ọma n'ihi na ndị nkịtị na-ama kama ike gwụrụ nke mgbe nile na-alụ ọgụ na otu ugboro Omume obodo.

Dị ka ihe a referendum ẹkenịmde ke 1802, Napoleon e nyere ndụ aha nke Mbụ nnọchianya. Ọ ngwa ngwa si mesoo niile na-emegide ma nweta na-akparaghị ókè ike. The mba ghọrọ a akwado ọchịchị ya. Na 1804, Napoleon e kpuwere. N'oge na-adịghị na Austerlitz ha e meriri site ndị agha Austria. Na 1806, ndị French nyere Prussia.

Gbarụrụ na mmeri nke Napoleon kwuru continental mgbochi nke England. Na 1807, ndị British akpọ maka enyemaka si na Russia. Napoleon, ọ enyero, o ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nabata a ọhụrụ iro na a n'ókèala sara, nke kpebiri iji na-ihe ọ bụla bụ. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1812 na French agha nọ ugbua na Moscow. O yiri ka Russia dara. Ma Kutuzov mesịrị bụrụ ihe karịa Bonaparte. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị French agha ahụhụ a bibie. Site mgbe oké ụsụụ ndị agha ndị ndiọi crumbs.

Na 1814, France fọdụrụ enweghị a onye na-achị - Napoleon abdicated. Ọ na-e kpebiri ịlaghachi na reins nke ike na-aka nke ndị Bourbons. Ọ ghọrọ eze Louis XVIII. O mere mgbalị nile iji weghachi ochie iji, ma French ndị kpam kpam megide ya. Mgbe Napoleon, obon puku ndị agha, je-enwetaghachi ike. Ọ bụ ike ime eme ya plan. Otú ọ dị, ná nzukọ nke eze na Vienna, e kpebiri na-okpueze si oké ọchịchọ warlord. Na njedebe, Napoleon a chụgara ndị n'àgwàetiti St. Helena.

Ndị eze nke France, a ndepụta nke mgbe Bonaparte ka replenished, chịrị ọnọdụ ndị tara akpụ. Ya mere, Napoleon II kwaturu a ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe na nrigo ocheeze, Louis Philippe manyere ozugbo jụ ihe ùgwù aha na-aghọ eze ndị French, ma ọ bụghị French. Napoleon III e mkpọrọ na Prussia na wepụ. Ndị ọchịchị ọzọ ga-abụ ndị eze, ma tọrọ ekwu na ocheeze Charles X, Henry V na Filip VII enwebeghị ike na-ekweta n'etiti onwe ha. ndi-isi nke okpueze e rere na akụkụ na 1885. France ghọrọ a Republic.