"Fero agwọ": n'ịnọgide onwu. Olee otú ime ka a "Fero agwọ" n'ụlọ?

N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị onwu ọmụmụ bụ ezigbo nsogbu. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị maara ihe na ihe a, i nwere ike iwepụta ihe ụtọ ahụmahụ na-enwe na ya. Na ndị nkụzi nwere ike igbu mmụọ mmasị ụmụ akwụkwọ ya. Iji mee nke a, n'ụzọ zuru okè ruru eru na-akpọ Fero agwọ.

Malite aha

Budata malite aha "Fero agwọ," ọ dịghị onye maara, ma Times ya na Akwụkwọ Nsọ ihe. Iji mmasị Pharaoh, onye amụma Moses, na ndụmọdụ nke Chineke ọ tụbara mkpara ya n'ala, o wee ghọọ agwọ. N'otu oge, ke aka nke hoputara, reptaili ghọrọ a mkpara ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na eziokwu n'agbata otú ihe ndị a-enwetara site nwere, na Bible ihe nwere ihe ọ bụla jikọrọ.

Site na ihe anyị nwere ike inwe, "Fero agwọ '

The kasị ihe maka agwọ bụ mercury thiocyanate. Edi nwere na ha nwere ike rụrụ naanị na a mma-onwem chemical laabu. Umi bụ na-egbu egbu na nwere a adakọ isi na-eguzogide ọgwụ. A "Fero agwọ" n'ebe obibi pụrụ kere si mbadamba, nke na-ere na ihe ọ bụla na-ere ọgwụ na-enweghị a ọgwụ, ma ọ bụ fatịlaịza si a ngwaike ụlọ ahịa. Maka nwere iji calcium gluconate, methenamine, soda, powdered sugar, saltpetre na ọtụtụ bekee ike zụrụ na a ahịa ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ahịa.

"Agwọ" nke mbadamba nwere sulfonamides

Ihe kacha ụzọ emefu n'ụlọ ahụmahụ "Fero agwọ" si ọgwụ ọgwụ ọjọọ sulfa otu. Nke a pụtara dị ka "Streptocide", "Biseptol", "Sulfadimezin", "Sulfadimetoksin" na ndị ọzọ. Ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere nta ka ụlọ ọ bụla. "Fero agwọ" nke sulfonamides nwetara onwunwu isi awọ Ọdịdị ha yiri ọka flakes. Ọ bụrụ na i jiri nlezianya bulie mwekota ma ọ bụ forceps "isi" nke agwọ, i nwere ike dọpụtaara nke otu mbadamba bụ ezu ogologo reptaili.

Kụziere chemical nwere "Fero agwọ" ga-achọ burner ma ọ bụ ọkọchị mmanụ a na n'elu-e kwuru na ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ọtụtụ mbadamba ẹkenịm na a akọrọ mmanya, nke amụnyewo. N'oge mmeghachi omume na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ bekee ka nitrogen, sọlfọ dioxide, hydrogen sulfide na mmiri vepo. The mmeghachi omume usoro bụ dị ka ndị:

C ₁₁ H ₁₂ N ₄ O ₂ S + 7O ₂ = 28C + 2H ₂ S ↑ + 2SO ↑ + 8N _{2 2} ↑ + 18H ₂ O

Ahụmahụ a a ga-eme nke ọma, n'ihi na sọlfọ dioxide bụ ukwuu na-egbu egbu, nakwa dị ka hydrogen sulfide. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na e nweghị ụzọ ventilet ụlọ n'oge nnwale, ma ọ bụ na-agụnye hundu, ọ dị mma na-eme ya n'okporo ámá ma ọ bụ na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na ime nnyocha.

"Agwọ" nke calcium gluconate

Ọ kasị mma na-akpa àgwà nwere nke ndị bekee nke dị mma, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-eji na-abụghị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na ime nnyocha. 'Pharaoh agwọ "nke calcium gluconate a nwetara naanị.

Iji mee nke a, na-2-3 mbadamba nkume nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na a cube nke akọrọ mmanụ ụgbọala. N'okpuru nduzi nke ire mmeghachi omume na-amalite, na si mbadamba creeps isi awọ "agwọ". Dị otú ahụ nwere na calcium gluconate dị nnọọ nchebe, ma ka bara uru ịkpachara anya na omume ha. Chemical mmeghachi omume usoro bụ dị ka ndị:

C ₁₂ H _{22 14} CaO + O2 = 10C + 2CO ₂ ↑ + CaO + 11H ₂ O

Dị ka anyị pụrụ ịhụ, na mmeghachi omume na-adị na mmalite nke mmiri, carbon dioxide, carbon na calcium oxide. Ọ na-akpata gas evolushọn na uto. "Fero agwọ" na-nwetara na ruo 15 sentimita, ma ha na-adịte aka. Mgbe ị na-agbalị ime ka ha na aka, ha gbasaa.

"Fero agwọ" - esi mee ka fatịlaịza?

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere a akwukwo nri ubi na ibé ma ọ bụ obi, a na-dị iche iche fatịlaịza. The kasị nkịtị, nke a pụrụ ịchọta na pantiri na ihe ọ bụla n'oge okpomọkụ bi na ọrụ ugbo - nitrate ma ọ bụ ammonium nitrate. Na-enweta chọrọ ayọcha osimiri ájá, ọkara teaspoon nke ammonium nitrate, ọkara teaspoon nke powdered sugar, a ngaji ethanol.

Ọ dị mkpa n'ugwu nke ájá na-eme ka ezumike. The ibu na n'obosara, na thicker ga-abụ "agwọ". Ọfọn ụlọ akwụkwọ ji agwụ a ngwakọta nke ammonium nitrate nakwa sugar wụsara na anyịnwa ịhụkwu na wụsa ethyl mmanya. mmanya amụnyewo Mgbe ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ guzobere "agwọ".

The mmeghachi omume na nke a na-ewe ebe dị ka ndị a:

2NH ₄ NO ₃ + C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ = 11C + 2N ₂ + CO ₂ + 15H ₂ O.

Emission nke nsi na nnwale enforces nche Usoro.

"Fero agwọ" nri

"Fero agwọ" na-nwetara bụghị naanị site ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nri. N'ihi na nnwale, i nwere ike iji ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka sugar na soda. Ndị dị otú ahụ mmiri adị na bụla usekwu. Si osimiri ájá ugwu a kpụrụ ya na a ezumike na na-impregnated na-aba n'anya. Sugar na mmiri soda na-jikọtara na a ruru nke 4: 1, na wụsara n'ime ezumike. Mmanya na-amụnyewo.

The ngwakọta amalite blacken na zaa nwayọọ nwayọọ. Mgbe mmanya dị fọrọ akwụsị ọkụ, ájá creeps ole na ole crinkly "nākpu akpu". The mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

2NaHCO ₃ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O + CO _2,

C ₂ H ₅ OH + 3o ₂ = 2CO ₂ + 3H ₂ O

The ngwakọta e ghoro sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide na mmiri vepo. Ọ bụ gas na-amanye zaa na-eto eto soda ash, nke na-adịghị iwesa n'oge mmeghachi omume.

Ọzọ "reptaili" si ọgwụ

E nwere otu ụzọ dị mfe iji na-enweta "Fero agwọ" nke ọgwụ ọjọọ. Iji mee nke a ga-mkpa ka ịzụta a na-ere ọgwụ ọgwụ "Urotropin". Kama mbadamba na-ekwe omume iji akọrọ mmanụ ụgbọala, gụnyere a umi. Ka mkpa ammonium nitrate ngwọta. Ọgwụ "Urotropin" ọ dị mkpa ka impregnate ha. Otú ọ dị, otu onye nwere ike ozugbo-etinyere na-amalite ihe onwunwe dum solution, ya mere ọ dị mkpa ka ịgbakwunye ole na ole tụlee na Fikiere. N'ihi ya ihicha ga-ebe na ụlọ okpomọkụ.

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị na mbadamba na amụnyewo. N'ihi bụ abụghị nke ukwuu a "agwo" dị ka "dragọn ahụ". Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ị na-ele, na ọ bụ otu ahụmahụ, "Fero agwọ." Ma n'ihi Njirimara nke mmiri bụ ihe siri ike omume na-eduga n'iguzobe nke nnukwu fig.

"Agwọ" nke mercury thiocyanate

N'ihi na oge mbụ a chemical ahụmahụ, "Fero agwọ" agbanwewo site a ọgwụ na-amụrụ na 1820. Fridrih Veler mbuaha ngwọta nke mercurous nitrate na ammonium thiocyanate ma a na-acha ọcha crystalline ịkpali. Ihe mercury thiocyanate pellet Fikiere ma mụnye ọkụ a na-amụrụ nanị n'ihi ọchịchọ ịmata ihe. Site ná mmalite iri ari nke na-ere ọkụ na ihe onwunwe na nwa na-acha odo odo agwọ uka.

'Fero agwọ "nke mercury thiocyanate nwetara naanị. The umi dị mkpa mụnye ọkụ a okpomọkụ na-eguzogide n'elu. Sochiri bụ mmeghachi omume:

2Hg (NCS) ₂ = 2HgS + C ₃ N ₄ + CS ₂

CS ₂ + 3o ₂ = CO ₂ + 2SO ₂

N'okpuru nduzi nke thermal decomposition nke mercury thiocyanate mercury sulfide (na-enye "reptaili" nwa), carbon nitride (maka odo coloration agwọ) na carbon disulfide (carbon disulfide). Ikpeazụ-ewetụ na gbawara n'ime gas - carbon oxide gas na sọlfọ ahụ, nke a na-gbasaa carbon nitride. Ọ, n'aka, captures mercury sulphide, na n'ihi nwa-acha odo odo "Fero agwọ."

Ahụmahụ a bụ ọlị gaghị ekwe omume na-ebu n'ụlọ! E wezụga eziokwu na-egbu egbu, haruru, mercury Alụlụụ a tọhapụrụ. Mercury bụ nsí site n'onwe ya na ike na-eme ka oké chemical nsi.

Security na nnwale

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọtụtụ ndị bekee nke nwere ike-esi gaa, "Fero agwọ", na-atụle mma, nwere ga-rụrụ nke ọma. Dị ka hụrụ si n'elu formulas, decomposition of mmiri kwụpụta zuru ezu, nke pụrụ iduga oké nsi. All nwere nwere ike rụrụ n'ụlọ naanị na a ventilated ebe ma ọ bụ na ọnụnọ nke elu ike mmịpụta. Nlele na mercury thiocyanate nwere ike mere naanị na n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na laboratories, na nnabata na niile nchekwa ụkpụrụ.

Ná mmechi, anyị pụrụ ikwu na, na-etinye na-arụ ọrụ chemical ahụmahụ, "Fero agwọ," onye nkụzi ahụ nwere ike ịmasị ụmụ akwụkwọ dị ka isiokwu ya. Ihe mmụta dị na yiri ka nwere mmasị, ọbụna ndị na-adịghị aghọta na-adịghị amasị onwu. Na ndị na-ahọrọ na-eme kama na-agwụ ike usoro iwu mgbawa, ga-enwe ihe ndị ọzọ ike na-amụ na sayensị.