Galvanic cell: esereese nke ọrụ ụkpụrụ, ojiji

Iji na eserese na cell, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ụkpụrụ nke ya omume, bughi atụmatụ.

Imu adịkarịghị ntị ka batrị na batrị mgbe a ike isi mmalite ndị kasị ewu ewu.

Chemical na isi mmalite

Gịnị bụ a galvanic cell? The atụmatụ dabere na ya electrolyte. The ngwaọrụ agụnye a obere akpa, nke bụ ihe electrolyte separator ihe adsorbed. Ọzọkwa, circuit nke abụọ galvanic ọcha presupposes na cathode na anode. Gịnị bụ aha ndị dị otú a galvanic cell? The circuit ejikọ abụọ metal na-eburu ọnụnọ nke a redox mmeghachi omume.

The elementrị electrochemical cell

Ọ na-eburu ịdị adị nke abụọ efere ma ọ bụ mkpara mere nke ọla na ígwè kpụọ, nke na-amụkwu a ike electrolyte ngwọta. N'oge ọrụ nke cell na anode na ọxịdashọn usoro a rụrụ, metụtara mmetụta nke electrons.

Mgbe cathode - mweghachi, Bilie doo nke na-ezighị ezi ahụ. E nwere a nyefe nke electrons site mpụga circuit na oxidant nke reductant.

GOSIRI electrochemical cell

Iji mee ka electronic na sekit na sekit nke electrochemical mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ dị mkpa ịmata uru nke ọkọlọtọ electrode nwere. Tụlee n'onwe ọla kọpa-zinc galvanic cell na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke ike e wepụtara n'oge mmeghachi omume nke ọla kọpa na zinc sulfate.

Nke a electrochemical cell, sekit nke a ga-enye n'okpuru ebe a, kwuru na dị ka ihe mmewere-Jacobi Daniel. Ọ na-agụnye a ọla kọpa efere, nke na-mikpuru na a ọla kọpa sulfate ngwọta (ọla kọpa electrode), na ọ mejupụtara a zinc efere, emi odude ke ya sulphate ngwọta (zinc electrode). Ihe ngwọta kpọtụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ, ma iji zere ha Ịgwakọta mmewere eji na a nkebi mere nke a porous ihe onwunwe.

ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

Otú electrochemical cell, sekit nwere ụdị Zn ½ ZnSO4 ½½ CuSO4 ½ Cu? N'oge ya ọrụ, mgbe electric circuit a na-emechi, na e nwere a zinc metal ọxịdashọn usoro.

Na ya na kọntaktị n'elu na brine hụrụ akakabarede atọm na cations Zn2 +. The usoro na-esonyere ntọhapụ nke "free" electrons, nke-akpali site na mpụga circuit.

The mmeghachi omume na-ewere ọnọdụ na zinc electrode, nwere ike na-anọchi anya dị ka ndị a:

Zn = Zn2 + + 2e-

Mgbake nke metal cations bụ rụrụ na a ọla kọpa electrode. Na-adịghị mma ahụ na-ada ebe a na zinc electrode, na-achọkwa na-cations nke ọla kọpa, precipitating ha n'ụdị metal. Usoro dị ka ndị a:

Cu2 + + 2e- = Cu

Ọ bụrụ na ị tinye abụọ Jeremaya mere tụlere n'elu, ọ na-enyo na ngụkọta akụkụ-akọwa ọrụ nke zinc-ọla kọpa cell.

The zinc omume dị ka ihe anode electrode, na cathode bụ ọla kọpa. Modern electrochemical mkpụrụ ndụ na batrị-agụnye ojiji nke onye nke electrolyte ngwọta, nke kọwakwuru akporo nke ngwa, na-eme ha ọrụ ihe ọma na-adaba adaba.

Iche electrochemical mkpụrụ ndụ

Kacha nkịtị a na-ewere carbon-zinc mkpụrụ ndụ. Ha na-eji a n'ezinụlọ carbon ugbu a mkpoko ịkpọtụrụ anode, nke-eme dị ka manganese oxide (4). Ammonium chloride electrolyte na-eji na a na mado ụdị.

Ọ dịghị agba ọsọ, ya mere, ọ na-akpọ a galvanic cell akọrọ. Ya mma bụ ike "naghachi" n'oge ọrụ, nke ghaghị emetụta oge nke mmezi oge. Dị otú ahụ electrochemical mkpụrụ ndụ bụ ọnụ, ma ala ike. Na ala okpomọkụ ha belata ya irè, ma mgbe ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba electrolyte ihicha.

Alkaline mkpụrụ ndụ na-agụnye ojiji nke ihe alkali solution, ka nwere otutu ngwa.

The lithium mkpụrụ ndụ dị ka anode omume dị ka na-arụsi ọrụ metal, nke ghaghị emetụta ọrụ ndụ. Lithium nwere a na-adịghị mma electrode nwere, ya mere na obere akụkụ yiri ọcha nwere a kacha gosiri voltaji. N'etiti adịghị ike nke ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro ọ bụ ike igbunye a elu price. Otopsii lithium ike isi mmalite bụ na-agbawa agbawa.

ọgwụgwụ

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke ọ bụla electrochemical cell dabeere na redox Filiks aa na cathode na anode. Dabere n'elu metal họrọ electrolyte ngwọta, na-agbanwe cell ndụ, na ịdị ukwuu nke gosiri voltaji. Ugbu a, ndị ina lithium, cadmium cell na-enwe a zuru ezu ogologo oge nke ya ozi.