Equipment, ngwá agha na ọgụ ike nke Japanese Air Force: ochie nakwa n'oge a

Nke iri abụọ na narị afọ bụ a oge nke kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmepe nke agha ụgbọelu na ọtụtụ mba Europe. Kpatara Air Force bụ mkpa States ikuku na agha nchebe nke akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị emmepe. Mmepe nke ọgụ ugbo elu chọpụtara abụghị naanị na Europe. Nke iri abụọ na narị afọ - a na-enwekwu ike nke Japanese Air Force, nke govamenti nakwa chọrọ iji chebe onwe ha, usoro na mkpa ala ụlọ ọrụ.

Olee otú ọ na niile malitere? Japan na afọ 1891-1910

Na 1891, Japan mbụ na-efe efe na ígwè ọrụ na-oru. Ndị a bụ ndị ụdị iji roba Motors. N'ime oge ahụ, ọ e kere site na ugbo elu ọzọ, nke na Ọdịdị nwere a mbanye na a pusher propela. Ma ngwaahịa a bụ Japanese Air Force ya enweghị mmasị. Aviation ọmụmụ mere na 1910, mgbe nnweta nke ugbo elu "Farman" na "Grande".

1914. The mbụ dogfight

The mgbalị mbụ iji Japanese agha ugbo elu e mere na September 1914. N'oge ahụ ndị agha ọwụwa anyanwụ, tinyere Britain na France na-emegide ndị Germany guzo ke n'ókèala China. A afọ tupu ihe ndị a na Japanese Air Force maka ọzụzụ enwetara abụọ abụọ ụgbọelu "Nieuport and" na otu Mmaji "Nieuport na nm" 1910 tọhapụ. N'oge na-adịghị ndị a aviaedinitsy e ji mee ihe maka ịlụ agha. Japan ikuku ike na 1913, tupu o nwere ụgbọelu anọ "Farman", nke e mere maka nyoputa onyeiro. N'ime oge ahụ, ha malitere ga-eji maka ngwa nke ikuku etiwapụ na onye-iro.

N'afọ 1914, ndị German eefoosu rụrụ agha na nsoro na Tsingatao. Germany n'oge ahụ iji otu n'ime ya kasị mma-efe efe igwe - "Taub". Na N'ezie nke mkpọsa a na Air Force Japanese ụgbọelu rụrụ 86 sorties na ama esịn 44 bombs.

1916-1930 afọ. The eme nke n'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ

N'oge ahụ, Japanese ụlọ ọrụ "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" na "Mitsubishi" na-rụrụ ịzụlite a pụrụ iche na-efe efe n'ụgbọ mmiri "Yokoso". Ebe ọ bụ na 1916, Japanese na-emepụta kere aghụghọ kacha mma ugbo elu ụdị ke Germany, France na England. Nke a ọnọdụ were afọ iri na ise. Ebe ọ bụ na 1930, ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite na-Nlụpụta ugbo elu maka Air Force na Japan. Taa, ndị agha nke na steeti a bụ n'etiti iri ike kacha ike agha na ụwa.

anụ ụlọ nmepe

Site 1936, "Kawasaki" Japanese n'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ, "Nakajima" na "Mitsubishi" akpa ugbo elu na-wuru. Japan si Air Force ama ama a ejima-engine bombu anụ ụlọ mmepụta G3M1 na Ki-21 nyoputa onyeiro ugbo elu Ki-15 fighter A5M1. Na 1937, ndị agha dị n'etiti Japan na China biiri ọkụ ọzọ. Nke a rụpụtara na privatization nke Japan bụ isi na ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na Iweghachi gọọmenti na-achịkwa ha.

Japan ikuku ike. iwu

The isi nke ikuku agha nke Japan bụ isi n'isi ụlọ ọrụ. Command bụ ebutere ya:

• ọgụ support;
• ụgbọelu;
• nkwurịta okwu;
• ọzụzụ;
• a ìgwè nke nche;
• ule;
• ọgwụ;
• Japan Air Force counterintelligence ngalaba.

Agha nke Air Force ọkọnọ ọgụ, ọzụzụ, iga na pụrụ iche ụgbọ elu na helicopters.

Command Structure ugbo elu tupu World

N'ihi na a ogologo oge ndị agha nke Alaeze Ukwu nke Japan bụ abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha onye ọ bụla ọzọ agha akụrụngwa - na Army na Navy. Guide mbụ chọrọ nwere onwe ha nkeji n'okpuru iwu nke ụgbọelu maka njem nke ha ibu. Ka ịmepụta dị otú ahụ na-ebu na Takinava na a munitions factory "Arsenal №1", nke diri ndi ala-agha, na mma na reworked ẹdude njem na ahịa ụgbọ mmiri. Ha na-inyeaka n'aka nke iga na na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na ibufe na ndị armored n'ala agha. Na ókèala a factory e odude airfield akụrụngwa na-enye gị ohere iji na-enweta lụtara ụgbọelu.

Tupu Agha Ụwa Mbụ agha ụgbọelu Japan nwere isi agha unit - ikuku brigeedi nke Army. Ọ gụnyere squadrons (Æ). Onye ọ bụla nwere iri na otu ụgbọelu. N'ime ndị a, atọ ụgbọala nke na idobere. Otu nọmba bụ otu njikọ akara Aviation Authority (LA) na ndị ebutere ka General Staff. Onye ọ bụla skwodron a chọrọ maka otu ọrụ: nyoputa onyeiro, fighter na legkobombardirovochnyh aga-eme nke Japanese Air Force. Nyoputa onyeiro ngwá na ngwá agha regiments agukọta 30 nkeji fighter - 45. Pụrụ iche aviagroup kpụrụ nkewa, nke nwere ha airfields, trims. Ha nọ na-na Army Aviation agha. M jikwaa ha ọrụ na n'usoro bụghị ala karịa isi.

reorganization

Na 1942, ha na-tutu amama Army Aviation agha. Naanị nkewa, nke na akụkụ nke regiments bụ ihe kasị iwu Task Ọdịdị. Tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ha niile Japanese ugbo elu bụ a iche iche ụdị agha, na e subordinated na Navy na eze ukwu ahụ agha. Anya, e hazigharịrị agha ụgbọelu nkeji, n'ihi na ihe na-akpakọrịta, ma ọ bụ regiments (AA), na-enwe arụmọrụ usoro larịị:

• First Air Army (BA) na a isi ke Kantō ebe na n'isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na Tokyo. Danae Japanese agha na-achịkwa na Kurile Islands, Korea, Taiwan.
• Nke abụọ BA guzo ke Xinjing. Area ọrụ bụ Manchukuo.
• Nke atọ VA ala agha na-elekọta Southeast Asian mpaghara. The ụlọ ọrụ na-guzo ke Singapore.
• Fourth BA achịkwa New Guinea na Solomon Islands. The ụlọ ọrụ dị na Rabaul.
• Nke ise VA nwere ebe ọrụ n'ime nwere n'ebe ndịda nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ebe nke China. Isi ụlọ ọrụ na - na obodo nke Nanjing.
• Nke isii VA nwere ya n'isi ụlọ ọrụ n'àgwàetiti Kyushu. Achịkwa n'ókèala - n'àgwàetiti Okinawa, Taiwan na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Japan.

"Kamikaze" Air Japan

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a, okwu ruru na 1944. N'oge ahụ, Japan mere na reorganization nke ụgbọelu. Na ndabere nke ẹdude ụgbọelu regiments nyere n'iwu site Japanese rụọ pụrụ iche nkeji a kpụrụ. Ha bụ ndị a skwodron of atụ bọmbụ na ukara akwụkwọ e kwuru na ọ bụ dị ka skwodron "kamikaze". Ọrụ ha bụ anụ ahụ mbibi nke otu bombu nkeji nke United States Air Force B-17 na B-29. Ebe ọ bụ na ya na-arụ ọrụ Japanese rụọ Special Nkebi e rụrụ iji a iti ebule on board ha ugbo elu enweghị ngwá agha.

N'ihi imewe nke ndị dị otú ahụ nkeji ahụkarị ugbo elu fuselage ike enwekwukwa. Na dum akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ikuku agha nke Japan e guzobere karịa 160 rụọ nke ụgbọelu pụrụ iche nkeji. N'ime ndị a, 57 ndị e guzobere na ndabere nke na-azụ ikuku nkewa.

Na 1945, ndị ọrụ e rụrụ "Ketsu-aga" maka nchedo nke agwaetiti na Japan site n'ikuku agha nke United States. Dị ka a n'ihi nke reorganization nke niile ụsụụ ndị agha na-achọkwa otu Ọdịdị n'okpuru idu ndú nke General Aviation M. Kavabe.

multipurpose nlereanya

Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị iche iche ọgụ ụgbọelu ugbo elu ya enyene a pụrụ iche n'ebe Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Force, n'ihi na nke o mere, na-eji ihe nlereanya a dị ka a na nkuzi na ọzụzụ, nakwa dị ka a fighter-bombu. The ụgbọelu na-atụle ga a na-eso ụzọ nke gara aga maloudachnyh variant F-1, nke na-kere site Japanese emeputa "Mitsubishi". Ọghọm, bụ ndị F-1 bụ eziokwu na nke a nlereanya e wepụtara na ezughi oke nso na obere ọgụ ibu. Mgbe emebe ndị ọhụrụ nlereanya F-2 Japanese na-emepụta, Mmepe ndị n'okpuru nduzi nke American oru ngo "Edzhayn agụ nkwọ". N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na na site F-2 bụ anya reminiscent nke ya prototype - the American nlereanya nke F-16, ọ na-atụle ọhụrụ Japanese mmepụta, n'ihi na o nwere ụfọdụ iche iche:

• The ojiji nke dị iche iche na-ewu ihe. Ke imewe nke Japanese nlereanya e ji nile eji nke elu mejupụtara ihe, nke budata metụtara ọnụ ke arọ nke airframe.
• Aircraft Design F-2 dị iche n'ebe F-16.
• Dị iche iche na-osisi na usoro.
• N'adịghị ka na ogwe aka.
• F-2 na ya prototype-eji dị iche iche na ngwá electronic.

Imewe nke Japanese ugbo elu F-2 tụnyere mma na prototype n'ihi na ya dị mfe, mfe na ime mgbanwe.

nlereanya B6N1

Air Force nke Japan na World War II eji otu n'ime ya kasị mma-oche torpedo atụ bọmbụ B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Malite nke Oghere Usoro deliveries nke a ụgbọelu malitere na 1943. Site na njedebe nke n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ọ rụrụ 133 ugbo elu. The mbụ samples natara skwodron, nke gụnyere ụgbọelu na-ebu: 601 nke, 652 nke, na 653 nke. Ebe ọ bụ na a ezigbo ihe ize ndụ si US Air Force n'àgwàetiti Bougainville, idu ndú nke Japan ụgbọelu, e kpebiri nyefee iri anọ B6N1 nkeji Rabaul. Na November, na òkè nke ihe nlereanya a, akpa ikuku agha nke furu efu. Ọ e gara site 16 njikere "Tendzanov". N'ime ndị a, ndị Japanese Air Force efu anọ. Ọzọ abụọ sorties nwekwara adighi ike.

imewe B6N1

• "Tendzan" cylinder engine onwem na ikuku jụrụ.
• Engine "Mamoru" na-ezubere iche maka 1800 l / s.
• The ọgụ ugbo elu akụrụngwa na-anọchi anya elu na nke ala wụnye abụọ 27.7 mm caliber egbe.
• B6N1 bọmbụ ibu gbakọọ na 800 n'arọ. Nke a na-agụnye torpedo (1pc) na bombs.
• Njem ikike - atọ ndị mmadụ.

The agha maka Mariana Islands

Na June 1944, Japan Air Force na-eji oche "Tendzan" na agha nso Mariana Islands. Total 68 nkeji so. B6N1 nlereanya na nke a agha na-eje ozi dị ka torpedo-atụ bọmbụ na ndị ndú Rada - ha a onye agha maka Percussion pụrụ iche iche iche nke Japanese ugbo elu. Nke a agha Japan na ya ugbo elu furu efu. Nke 68 n'akụkụ laghachi azụ naanị asatọ isi.

Mgbe Agha nke Marianas Japanese na-edu ndú ụgbọelu, e kpebiri na a nlereanya ụgbọelu na-eji nanị ala gbara osimiri okirikiri isi.

The see okwu nke USSR

Aircraft "Tendzan" na agha Okinawa e ji dị ka atụ bọmbụ na kamikaze ụgbọala. B6N1 ụgbọ elu e onwem na pụrụ iche Rada. Ya mere Japan Aviation e nyere nlereanya e kenyere ya 93, m kokutai (Air Group), nke a mere mgbochi okpuru mmiri patrol. "Tendzany" nwekwara banyere kokutai 553rd. Japan Air Group Air Force gụnyere 13 ụgbọala na wee akụkụ ke agha na ugbo elu nke Soviet Union.

N'agbanyeghị ya mma technical kwa, na Japanese "Tendzany" nwere a mwepu, nke gụnyere ndị ogbenye oke nke engine. Nke a slowed usoro B6N1 iwebata n'ime mmepụta. N'ihi ya, nyere nlereanya budata lagged n'azụ onye iro ugbo elu.

Japanese ikuku nsoro

Na 1975, ndị pesonel nke ikuku ike nke Japan gụnyere 45 puku ndị mmadụ. Ọgụ nsoro nwere 500 nkeji. N'ime ndị a, 60 bụ ndị nke alụso igwe F-4EJ, 170 nkeji F10- 4J na 250 F-86F. Eji maka ngagharị nlereanya RF-4E na RF-86F (20 nkeji). Na Japan Air maka iburu ngwongwo na unan e nyere 35 ụgbọelu igwe na helicopters 20 150 Pu zọọ Hajk-J. Na okpomọkụ akwụkwọ, e nwere ndị 350 ugbo elu. N'ihi na nkenye ọnọdụ na mkpofu nke Japanese ikuku iwu nwere 15 airbases na airfields.

Na 2012, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pesonel ebelata si 45 000 na 43 700. budata ụba nsoro (200 nkeji).

Japan si Air Force taa nwere 700 nkeji, gụnyere:

• 260 - na kenkwucha multi-ọrụ alụso;
• 200 - stormtroopers na izi ọzụzụ nlereanya;
• 17 - AWACS ụgbọ elu;
• 7 - nlereanya ebu radio ọgụgụ isi;
• 4 - usoro tanka;
• 44 - agha-iga ígwè ọrụ.

Defense plan

Mbenata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pesonel na mmụba nke ọgụ ugbo elu nsoro na-egosi nghazi nke ikuku agha nke Japan bụghị na uka na na mmetụta uche. Dị ka ọhụrụ atụmatụ maka agbachitere, na Air Force agaghị amụba n'ike nke onwe-agbachitere, na ga ibughari ya skwodron site n'ilekwasị ha na a putara ighe-adaba adaba ọnọdụ. Otu n'ime ndị a na ebe bụ agwaetiti Ryuko. The nzọụkwụ nke abụọ na Air Command-eme ga-enweta nke ise-emana fighter ugbo elu.