Gịnị bụ ihe ionic nkekọ? Ihe Nlereanya nke bekee na ya na ya Njirimara

E nwere dị iche iche nke chemical nkekọ. N'etiti ha, covalent, dara, van der Waals, ionic na hydrogen. Ka anyị chọpụta ihe ionic nkekọ na ihe ya Njirimara.

The chemical nkekọ, a rụrụ site shifting nkịtị ụzọ electrons si otu atọm obere electronegative, nke-ọzọ ọzọ electronegative, -here na ihe dị otú ahụ ionic nkekọ. Ihe Nlereanya nke ogige kpụrụ ya nwere ike ikpokọta ananu - ọdịnaya nke compound na a siri ike electronegativity atọm na metal atọm.

metal atọm mfe enyele ihe elektrọn na-aghọ a cation. A electronegative atọm dị ka a halogen atọm, ngwa ngwa na-anabata ihe elektrọn na-etolite a na-adịghị mma na ebubo ion. Ndị a ebubo ahụ - anions na cations - na-etolite na nke a na-akpọ "ionic nkekọ". Ihe Nlereanya ya - bụ sodium chloride, potassium bromide, lithium iodide, na ndị ọzọ na metal halides (ukwuu n'ime alkali).

Ma njikọ enweghị ike kpụrụ naanị otu ionic nkekọ. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ noncompensation agha nke mma na repulsion. N'ihi ya, i kwesịrị naanị okwu banyere preferential ionic bonding, ebe ya na, ọ dị ihe ọzọ chemical nkekọ. Ọ dị oké mkpa ịmata.

Ọ dịghị ihe directional Njirimara na saturable ionic nkekọ. Ihe Nlereanya nke linkages na nzube na saturability - covalent, onyinye-acceptor agbụ. Unsaturated, na ndị na-abụghị ionic gosiri n'ihi na mgbe ejikọta ndị ọzọ ion na a ụgwọ na-adịghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-ana ụgwọ. Ha nwere ike na-mmasị ndị ọzọ protivopolozhnozaryazhennye ion na otú pụta. na ihe mere gburugburu ion bụ kacha ekwe omume ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị ka ya, ma na a dị iche iche ihe ịrịba ama. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ a kpaara n'ihi na ibe repulsion nke yiri nke ahụ, ebubo ion. Ịha a na-enweta mgbe a ụfọdụ ibe ọnọdụ, ji nchikota nọmba. A na ọnụego na-adabere na ruru nke radii nke ion. Bekee na ionic ahazi nkekọ na-enwekarị a cube ma ọ bụ octahedron na-anọchi anya kristal.

N'ihi ya, crystal nke sodium chloride - sodium chloride - nwere a cubic lattice. Na ya, onye ọ bụla metụtara na a chlorine ion nke sodium ion, na isii ọ bụla sodium ion - na isii na chlorine ion.

The oxides nke alkali na alkaline ụwa ọla na-ahụ kwukwara ionic nkekọ. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige bụ calcium oxide, sodium oxide, na ndị ọzọ. Ion nwere ike iso bụghị naanị nke a otu atọm, ma nke ọtụtụ. N'ime ndị dị otú ahụ a mgbagwoju ion ndị ọzọ, na n'etiti ion ha - ionic nkekọ. Ihe atụ: potassium sulfate nnu ụdị (ebe a potassium - cation sulfate ion - anion).

Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na Njirimara nke bekee nke ion iche iche Njirimara nke atọm na ụmụ irighiri nke bekee. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, chlorine ion esịne ke sodium chloride, enweghị agba na isi na ndị bara uru na nri, ebe molekụla chloro - greenish-odo gas na a pungent isi - bụ a nsi. A sodium atọm eme explosively na mmiri, unu kpamkpam soluble ion.