Gịnị bụ m-holinoblokatory?

M-holinoblokatory - ọgwụ ọjọọ mara ezuru. Ndị a atropinopodobnye mmadụ igbochi ọrụ nke parasympathetic ụjọ usoro, ya mmetụta ahụ akụkụ na glands. Ọzọkwa, isiokwu na-akọwa mmetụta nke m-anticholinergics, ha mkpa na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ihe ahụ na ojiji nke ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ.

nhazi ọkwa

M-holinoblokatory ekewa atọ isi dị iche iche:

1. Pụtara "Atropine" na "Scopolamine," nke bụ eke alkaloids.
2. Ha semisynthetic nkwekọrịta enwe ihe dị iche na site na-amalite ihe, esịnede na pharmacokinetic Njirimara.
3. Sịntetik ogige we nweta selectivity ikwu ọzọ subtypes nke m-cholinergic anabata.

Njirimara

Pụtara "Atropine", dị ka a akwụkwọ ọgwụ, nwere ike a na-akpali akpali utịp ke ọrụ nke Central ụjọ usoro. Agwọ ọrịa "Scopolamine" na-nwere ogwuura Njirimara na na-eji na-anaghị ekwe nke gait, dizziness na ndị ọzọ na vestibular ọrịa. Dị mbadamba "Aeron" dị ka ọrụ umi, onyinye na-eji maka mgbochi nke ọrịa ịba mmiri.

The ihe nke m-holinoblokatorov "Atropine" na "Scopolamine" dị iche iche. Kasị doro anya na ndị dị iche iche chọpụtara utịp ke Central ụjọ usoro. Pụtara "Scopolamine", n'adịghị ọgwụ "atropine", o nwere a akpọ mmetụta nke Central agwa ọbụna obere doses. Nke a bụ n'ihi na dị iche iche permeability ọbara ụbụrụ mgbochi. Ọ bụ na nke a na-na ihe mere na Mr. holinoblokatory nwere atropine, mee ihe mgbe mgbe.

Nke semisynthetic nkwekọrịta nke eke alkaloids ndị kasị mkpa pụtara "Homatropine" na "Tropikamid" na "methylatropine nitrate", "Ipratropium Bromide" na "Tiotropium bromide". All ọgwụ ndị a na-enweghị ike banye n'ime ọbara-ụbụrụ mgbochi. Site sịntetik ogige kwesịrị ịgụnye a atọ ìgwè nke m-holinoblokatory dị ka pụtara "Pirenzepine" (gosiri maka ọnyá ọrịa) na "Tolterodine" (na-atụ aro incontinence).

ngwa

M-Anticholinergics (na usoro nke ihe nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha ga-kọwara n'okpuru ebe a) na-eji àgwà antispasmodics iche iche na ụdị colic (akụrụ, imeju, nsia) kenyere mgbe bronchospasm, na-ebelata ugboro ole nke contractions n'ime obi. Ọgwụ na-atụ aro maka nnyocha nke ndị fundus, ọgwụ iritis na iridocyclitis, disturbances nke atrio-ventricular conduction.

The ihe nke m-cholinergic akụ ọkpọ, ihe ndị ọzọ, na-egosipụta na ntụrụndụ nke gastric na nsia ezigbo muscle, na-ebelata secretion nke digestive glands. N'ihi nke a na-esi n'aka ike ga-eji na ọgwụgwọ nke ọnyá na afo na duodenum. Ọgwụ ọjọọ na-na-eji dị ka antidoda mmenaanya holinomimetricheskimi na anticholinesterase mmiri.

Mmetụta pụtara "Atropine" CNS

Na-agafeghị oke doses, nke mejupụtara 0.5-1 mg, ọgwụ nwere ike na-ezu ntọt parasympathetic ụda. Nke a mere dị ka a N'ihi nke excitation nke emmepe na medulla oblongata na ya overlying ngalaba. Site na-amụba na onunu ogwu onye ọrịa nwere obi ụtọ, nke na-egosipụta site nchegbu, nghazi aghara, ịmụ anya arọ nrọ. Nnọọ nnukwu doses emepụta inhibitory mmetụta nwere ike ịzụlite atụbọ ma mkpọnwụ, obi ọdịda.

Mmetụta pụtara "Scopolamine" CNS

A ọgwụ bụ ike na-akpa ihe inhibitory utịp ke ọrụ nke ụjọ usoro. Ọ na-egosipụta onwe ya na iro ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ, kpukpru usen nkezi nke adị jụụ na-ehi ụra, obi nchefu. N'ihi na ike na-eji anuri na ụfọdụ ọrịa ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-esi, e nwere a dependency. N'ihi na nke ogwuura mmetụta nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, "Scopolamine" otu oge a ga-eji maka general ná Nkụnwụ. Otú ọ dị ya e mechara kpughee, na n'oké ihe mgbu ọ bụ ike, ọbụna ọgwụgwọ doses ime ka nchegbu, ịmụ anya arọ nrọ na nsogbu. Ime na-arịa ọrịa cortex, ọgwụ na-egbochi ọrịa ngagharị.

Mmetụta "Atropine" na obi usoro

The isi mmetụta nke ọgwụ bụ ịgbanwe ugboro nke contractions n'ime obi. Pụtara ike nke na-amị akpọ tachycardia. Otú ọ dị na doses adịghị nnọọ ime, obi ọnụego Mbelata emee nwa oge na adịghị akpata a mgbanwe ọbara mgbali. Na mbụ na ọ chere na a pụrụ isi kwuo ya bụ n'ihi na mmetuta nke ógbè nke vagus irighiri akwara. Ma ya tụgharịa na otu ihe onwunwe na-nwere Mr. holinoblokatory na-adịghị banye n'ime ọbara-ụbụrụ mgbochi. Pụtara "Atropine" ike nke na-egbochi bradycardia, nke e mere site esters nke choline na acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, gbasara obi njide na eletriki mmalite nke vagus irighiri akwara.

Mmetụta nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, "Scopolamine" na obi usoro

Na obere doses, bụ 0.1-0.2 mg, ọgwụ ka a ịrịba ọnụ na obi ọnụego. Mgbe amụba onunu ogwu mbụ hụrụ tachycardia, nke na-ewe ọkara awa, ma ọ bụ na-anọchi ndị bradycardia. Ọzọ ogologo belladonna alkaloids, na ndị ọzọ na m-holinoblokatory gosiri maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa Parkinson. Mma na ya pụta-enweta mgbe eji na Nchikota na ọgwụ "Levodopa". M-holinoblokatory chọta ha ngwa ọrịa nke extrapyramidal uwa, nke na-kpatara antipsychotic ọgwụ ọjọọ.