Gịnị bụ musket? Ọdịdị nke mbụ musket

Gịnị bụ musket, ọtụtụ ndị na-amaghị ọtụtụ ihe banyere. Nke mbụ bụ okwu ndị a na-dike nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Alexandre Dumas - ama French musketeers. Ọtụtụ ga-anya na-amụta na nke mbụ musket pụtara bụghị na France, ya na mepụtara na French nwere ihe ọ bụla mee. Na nke ahụ bụ a musket, mbụ ha mụtara nnọọ na wetara ọnọdụ maka onwe ha.

Akụkọ nke a musket

Erule mmalite narị afọ nke 16 agha gia ruru a larịị na dị na oge nke "dị mfe"-eji égbè agbagbu nanị efu ya irè. Bullets chụọ n'ọrụ site na arquebus (na ụzọ nke musket), ruru ya ala arọ (18-20 grams) na obere-caliber, ike banye n'ime ihe agha na chainmail agha bụ ndị iro. Ọ dị mkpa a ọhụrụ ngwá agha na-amụba na-ebibi ihe Njirimara. Na mepụtara bụ a granular powder e isi na modernization nke ngwá agha na oruru nke a musket.

Ònye mepụtakwara egbe

The mbụ musket (egbe na a ogologo gbọmgbọm na matchlock) pụtara na Spain, na mepụtara ya, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ, Spanish armourer Mokket si Veletry. Ya mepụtara nwere a gbọmgbọm ogologo nke 140 cm ruru. Nke a na-abawanye na ogologo nke gbọmgbọm mụbara caliber egbe powder ụgwọ na uka, na ya, ya nso nke ọkụ na punching ike.

Ma dịkwuo ogologo nke gbọmgbọm dị nnọọ ka granular ntụ ntụ. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka sọ breech nke egbe ramrod, dị ka ọ na-achọ ka ha na ndị pulp powder, arapara n'ahụ mụụrụ ya. Ugbu a, gunpowder pellets e wụsara n'ime breech enweghị aka, na n'elu e hammered ramrod wad. E wezụga ndị dị otú ahụ ọkụ powder uniformly na ike, nke na-enwekwu ndị mbụ na-agba na nso nke a bullet.

Atụmatụ mbụ musket

Musket ngụkọta ogologo bụ 180 cm na ntukwasi banyere 8 kg, otú ahụ na-agba support mkpa. Zụlitere fourchette (Kedo akwa), nke na otu ọgwụgwụ na-rapaara n'ala wee tọgbọrọ nke abụọ support aro.

Na-abawanye na caliber nke ruo 23 mm (harquebuses bụ 15-17 mm) na ụba arọ nke bullet. N'ebe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ a musket itu 50-60 grams. Firing nso a na ikpe bụ 200-240 mita, na a anya bullet chịngọm ná ntutu mfe ike agha. Otú ọ dị, iji see iro a musket, ọ dị mkpa na-agbalị nke ukwuu. The puru na a lekwasịrị size of abụọ abụọ mita arụnyere na a anya nke 70 mita ka e tie, bụ naanị 60%.

Ke adianade do, ndị dị ike anaghị achọ nwere ike idi naanị a nwoke a-ezi ahụ nkwadebe. Iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ nro na igbu n'ubu eyi stuffed kwushin, egwuri ọrụ nke ujo absorber.

Iji chajịa egbe, ọ na-achọ ka na-eduzi a ememe.

Ka ebubo muskets

M na-ana egbe site na mụụrụ onu. Na ya pụrụ iche osisi etui (zaryadtsa) ikwafu powder chọrọ maka ngwaahịa nke a otu ogbugba. Gunpowder na zaryadtsy na eyịride mma-agha belt akụ, tụrụ n'ọdịnihu. On nkpuru shelf musket nke natruski (obere ntụ ntụ flasks) spiked ezi ntụ ntụ. Mgbo iji nhicha mkpanaka kewapụrụ n'ime gbọmgbọm. The ego amụnyewo site a smoldering oriọna, nke a na-enwe na mkpụrụ shelf na ogwe aka. Gunpowder amụnyewo na pushes bullet.

N'ihi ya, iji kwadebe maka shot-etinye ihe 2 nkeji, oge ọ na-atụle a mma ọnụego.

Ná mmalite muskets e burugodị na naanị bipu, na ngụkọta oge maka ọrụ musket gụnyere mmadụ abụọ: nke abụọ nke soro na-ere ọkụ oriọna na, mua mgbọ na a na-emekpa.

Ọgụ si eme maka Musketeers

N'ihi na nke ala ọnụego ojiji nke muskets itinye pụrụ iche si eme. Agha, na-ebu muskets, agbakọta na a akụkụ anọ square, omimi nke nke nwere ike iru ruo 12 n'ohu. Mgbe mbụ n'usoro emepụta volley ya nyere ụzọ ọzọ, mgbe ọ gbaghachi azụ na njedebe nke usoro Akwajuru ha muskets. N'ihi ya, firing e rụrụ fọrọ nke nta niile. All omume rụrụ Musketeers otu, gụnyere loading usoro.

Mgwo agha muskets Europe

Na 1515, ndị French mbụ mụtara ihe a musket na a agha na-Spanish agha. Musket bọọlụ mfe ekịm ike agha. Spanish na-enyemaka nke ya ogologo barreled novelties ndibọhọ a pụtara mmeri French.

Na 1521 muskets ama en masse nakweere ndị Spanish agha. Na na 1525, ọzọ na agha na French, nke natara ya akụkọ aha "Agha nke Pavia", na Spaniards gosiri ke kpukpru otuto n'ihu niile kara muskets ndị ọzọ na ngwá. Musketeers bụ na-agaghị emerili mgbidi maka French agha.

Ọ bụ mgbe a na-agha na a musket, kpebiri ga-esi mara na Europe. Ha malitere ogwe aka bipu nkeji France na Germany, na mgbe e mesịrị - na ndị ọzọ na mba Europe.

N'ọdịnihu, ndị musket ghọrọ ata ndozi. Nna-ukwu nke ngwá agha si Germany dochie matchlock sịlịkọn. Ịkpalite, dochie menjuobi a tọhapụrụ na a ọmụ spring, nke na mmetụta flints diggedst icheku ọkụ ignites gunpowder. The mkpa a oriọna na okụrede.

The Dutch mma ogwe. Ha dochie metal site na nke ọ e mere, ihe nro. Nke a-ekwe ikpe nke ya ezumike na ogbugba.

Spanish, Dutch na agbaziri ahụmahụ Ọrụ musket na 4.5 n'arọ, a ngwá agha maka agha. Nke a musket ghọrọ eluigwe na ala, ọ ga-eji na ụdị nile nke ndị agha, na na e mere na niile European ụsụụ ndị agha.