Gịnị bụ ọrịa: definition, e ji mara na ụdị

The gburugburu ebe obibi jupụtara a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke "bi", otu nke e nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke microorganisms ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nje, nje bacteria, dịkwa ka usoro ha, mmadụ nje. Ha nwere ike na-ebi ndụ zuru okè kwekọrọ na onye (na-abụghị pathogenic), adị ke idem enweghị na-eme ihe ọjọọ nkịtị ọnọdụ, ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'okpuru nduzi nke ụfọdụ ihe (opportunistic) na-ize ndụ ụmụ mmadụ, na-eme ka mmepe nke ọrịa (pathogens). All ndị a echiche ikwu na mmepe nke ọrịa na-efe usoro. Gịnị bụ ọrịa, ihe bụ na ụdị na e ji mara - atụle n'isiokwu na-esonụ.

isi banye n'eluigwe,

Ofufe Ọrịa a na-akpọ mgbagwoju mmekọrịta nke dị iche iche ntule, nke nwere a nnukwu iche iche nke ngosipụta - si asymptomatic ajụjụ mmepe nke ọrịa. The usoro a n'ihi nke iwebata nke microorganism (virus, ero, bacteria) na-ebi ndụ macroorganism, na nzaghachi usu na edemede si kpọmkwem agbachitere mmeghachi omume.

Akụkụ nke ọrịa:

1. Contagiousness - ike gbasaa ngwa ngwa si a na-arịa ọrịa onye a ike.
2. Specificity - ụfọdụ kpọmkwem microorganism akpata a ọrịa nke-ahụkarị nke ya pụta ìhè na orunótu na mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ.
3. Nkeji - Kwa nje usoro nwere oge nke ya N'ezie.

oge

The echiche nke ibute ọrịa na-dabeere na cyclicity nke enweghị nchịkwa usoro. Ọnụnọ nke oge na mmepe nke e ji mara maka nke ọ bụla yiri ihe mgbaàmà:

1. The incubation oge - oge na elapses site n'oge iwebata nke microorganism n'ime ahu nke ndu dị ebe ọ bụ ndị mbụ na-adakarị ịrịba ama nke ọrịa. Oge a nwere ike adịru site a awa ole na ole ọtụtụ afọ.
2. prodromatsii oge - ntoputa nke a nkịtị na-adakarị e ji mara nke ọtụtụ ndị pathologic Filiks (isi ọwụwa, adịghị ike, ike ọgwụgwụ).
3. Nnukwu mgbaàmà - elu ọrịa. N'oge a, ịzụlite kpọmkwem mgbaàmà nke ọrịa na a ọkụ ọkụ typical okpomọkụ arụchi ọkụkụ obodo arọ.
4. Mgbako - oge nke ikpochapu nke-adakarị picture na mgbake nke onye ọrịa.

Ụdị nje Filiks

Ịhụ ndị ọzọ nkọwa banyere nke ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ọrịa, mkpa ka ị na-aghọta ihe ọ bụ. E nwere a ịrịba ama ọtụtụ ndị classifications dabere na malite, okwukwo, orunótu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke microbial pụta, na na. D.

1. n'otu ụzọ ndị penetration nke pathogens:

• Exogenous usoro - e ji penetration nke nje ahụ si mpụga gburugburu ebe obibi;
• endogenous usoro - activates nwere dabere pathogenic microflora n'okpuru nduzi nke oghom ihe.

2. Site si:

• n'amaghi usoro - ji enweghị mmadụ aka;
• Pilot - ọrịa bred artificially na laabu.

3. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị microorganisms:

• monoinfection - kpatara a otu ụdị nje ahụ;
• mbuaha - aka ọtụtụ ụdị nke pathogens.

4. Iji:

• isi usoro - nnọọ pụtara ọrịa;
• abụọ usoro - sochiri mgbakwunye na nke ọzọ na-efe efe daa ọrịa na ndabere nke bụ isi ọrịa.

5. orunótu:

• ntụpọ udi - na microorganism bụ naanị na ebe site na nke penetrated n'ime usu organism;
• generalized ụdị - na pathogens gbasaa ahu na n'ihu subsidence na ụfọdụ mmasị ebe.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị germs agbasa site n'ọbara, ma mụbaa, e, a ọnọdụ na-akpọ viremia (ndị causative gị n'ụlọnga - virus), bacteremia (bacteria), fungemia (dịkwa ka usoro ha), parasitaemia (mmadụ nje). N'ihe banyere ọbara multiplication nke pathogens na-emepe emepe sepsis.

6. ebugharị:

• nnukwu ọrịa - nwere a na-egbuke egbuke-adakarị picture na-ekwupụtakwa ọ dịghị ihe karịrị a izu ole na ole;
• -adịghị ala ala ọrịa - ji umengwụ na-emekarị, nwere ike-adịgide adịgide maka ọtụtụ iri afọ, ọ nwere exacerbation (nlọghachi azụ).

7. Mgbe ọ dị afọ Ngwa:

• "Ụmụaka" na-efe efe - predominantly emetụta ụmụaka nọ n'agbata afọ 2 na 10 afọ (kịtịkpa, diphtheria, acha uhie uhie ahụ ọkụ, whooping ụkwara);
• "Okenye ọrịa," echiche ya onwe ya bụ, dị ka na pathogens na-akpata ọrịa progression okenye, ahụ nwatakịrị ahụ dị ka mwute.

E nwere a echiche nke reinfection na superinfection. Ke akpa idaha, a onye kpamkpam natara mgbe ọrịa oria ọzọ site n'otu nje. Site superinfection reinfection emee ọbụna ke N'ezie nke ọrịa (nje pụta na-laminated na onye ọ bụla ọzọ).

ada ụzọ

E nwere na-eso penetration nke microorganisms na-enye nyefe nke pathogens si na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime usu organism:

• Nsị na-onu (alimentary mejupụtara, na mmiri na a na kọntaktị-anụ ụlọ);
• transmissible (ọbara) - agụnye mmekọahụ, parenteral na site ọtịta ahụhụ;
• aerogenic (airborne ájá na airborne);
• kpọtụrụ-mmekọahụ, kọntaktị-ọnya.

N'ihi na ọtụtụ pathogens na-ji a kpọmkwem ụzọ penetration na nnukwu-organism. Ọ bụrụ na nnyefe usoro a na etre, ọrịa pụrụ iyi ma ọ bụ njọ na ya n'obiọma.

Orunótu nke ibute ọrịa

Dabere na otụk ebe, ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke na-efe efe:

1. Nsia. The enweghị nchịkwa usoro-ewe ebe eriri afọ tract, ndị gị n'ụlọnga abatakwa Nsị-onu ụzọ. Ndị a gụnyere salmonellosis, ọnyụnyụ ọbara, rotavirus, ịba ahụ ọkụ.
2. Akụkụ okuku ume. The usoro pụtara na elu na nke ala akụkụ okuku ume na tract, microorganisms na-"na-akpụ akpụ" ọtụtụ mgbe site na ikuku (influenza, adenovirus ọrịa, parainfluenza).
3. Mputa. Nje merụọ akpụkpọ mucous membranes, na-eme fungal ọrịa, scabies, microspores ebute ná Mmekọahụ.
4. Ọbara. The ọrịa abatakwa site n'ọbara, na-na-ebu site n'ihu ofụri idem (HIV, ịba ọcha n'anya B, a ọrịa metụtara na ọtịta ahụhụ).

nsia na-efe efe

Tụlee otu enweghị nchịkwa Filiks ke atụ nke onye nke ìgwè dị iche iche - nsia-efe efe. Gịnị bụ ọrịa nke digestive tract nke mmadụ, oleekwa otú o si dị iche?

Ọrịa na-anọchi anya dị iche iche nwere ike mere site na oria nke nje, fungal na malitere ịrịa malite. Malitere ịrịa microorganisms ike iji banye n'ime ngalaba dị iche iche nke nsia tract, na-ahụta ka rotaviruses na enteroviruses. Ha na-enwe ike bụghị nanị na-agbasa site na Nsị-onu uzo, ma ụmụ irighiri mmiri ọkụkụ epithelium nke elu akụkụ okuku ume na tract na-eme herpetic akpịrị.

Nje ọrịa (Salmonella, ọnyụnyụ ọbara) na-ebute site nanị site Nsị-onu ụzọ. Na-efe efe fungal si malite ime omume mgbanwe esịtidem ahụ, ịda n'okpuru ihe nke ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ ogologo oge nke mmiri ọgwụ preparations, na immunodeficiency.

rotavirus

Rotavirus nsia ọrịa, nke ọgwụgwọ ga-saa mbara ma na-adọ, ụkpụrụ, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ ọrịa bụ ọkara nke na-adakarị ikpe nke malitere ịrịa nje nsia pathologies. Nje onye a na-ewere dị ize ndụ ọha mmadụ ebe ọ bụ na ọgwụgwụ nke incubation oge ruo mgbe zuru ezu na mgbake.

Rotavirus nsia ọrịa na ụmụ emee nnọọ ike karịa okenye. Kwụpụ nnukwu ngosipụta esonyere a na-adakarị picture na-esonụ:

• abdominal mgbu;
• afọ ọsịsa (stool nwere ìhè na agba, nwere ike bụrụ ọbara ọcha);
• vomiting;
• hyperthermia;
• runny imi;
• mbufụt nke akpịrị.

Rotavirus nsia ọrịa ụmụaka ọtụtụ mgbe na-esonyere outbreaks n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara. Site na afọ 5, ọtụtụ ụmụaka nwetara onwe m ihe nke rotaviruses. Ịgbaso ọrịa ime bụghị dị ka ike dị ka ndị mbụ na-adakarị ikpe.

ịwa ahụ ọrịa

Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa ka a na-awa ahụ aka, bụ ndị nwere mmasị na ajụjụ nke ihe ụdị ịwa ahụ ọrịa. Nke a bụ otu ihe ahụ usoro nke ahụ mmadụ mmekọrịta pathogen, naanị aa na ndabere nke na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ka a na-awa ahụ aka iji weghachi ọrụ na a na-ọrịa.

Bụ nnukwu (purulent, putrid, kpọmkwem, anaerobic) na-adịghị ala ala usoro (kpọmkwem na nonspecific).

Dabere na ebe nke ịwa ahụ ọrịa dịpụrụ adịpụ ọrịa:

• juu anụ ahụ;
• nkwonkwo na ọkpukpu;
• ụbụrụ na ya owuwu;
• nke abdominal uji eze;
• thoracic oghere;
• pelvic akụkụ;
• onye mmiri ma ọ bụ na akụkụ ahụ (mammary gland, ahịhịa, na-akwụsị na na. d.).

Agents of ịwa ahụ na-efe efe

Ugbu a, ndị kasị ugboro ugboro "ọbịa" nnukwu purulent Filiks bụ:

• aureus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

Gateway ha penetration dị iche iche na ọnya nke mucous membranes na akpụkpọ, abrasions, ata aru, scratches, ducts glands (ọsụsọ na sebaceous). Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ nwere na-adịghị ala foci ìgwè microorganisms (adịghị ala ala tonsillitis, rhinitis, ezé ure), ha na-aghọ a na-akpata nkewa nke pathogens ofụri idem.

ọrịa ọgwụgwọ

Na obi mkpofu enweghị nchịkwa microflora causal ọgwụgwọ a bụ ịkwụsị ihe na-akpata ọrịa ahụ. Dabere ụdị nke gị n'ụlọnga ji ndị na-esonụ dị iche iche nke ọgwụgwọ:

1. Ọgwụ nje (ma ọ bụrụ na nje ahụ - bacteria). Ahọpụta a ìgwè nke antibacterial elekọta mmadụ na-eme ka a akpan akpan ọgwụ na ndabere nke bacteriological nnyocha na mkpebi siri ike nke onye uche nke microorganism.
2. Antiviral (ma ọ bụrụ na ndị causative gị n'ụlọnga - virus). Ke ukem, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na-ewusi chebe onwe nke ahụ mmadụ.
3. Antifungal elekọta mmadụ (ma ọ bụrụ na ndị causative gị n'ụlọnga - ero).
4. Worming (ma ọ bụrụ na nje - ikpuru ma ọ bụ nke kacha).

Ọgwụgwọ nke na-efe efe na ụmụ n'okpuru 2 afọ na-nọrọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, iji zere nsogbu.

ọgwụgwụ

Mgbe omume nke ọrịa, na-enwe a akpan akpan pathogen, otu ọkachamara na-emefu iche na-ekpebi mkpa ụlọ ọgwụ. Jide n'aka ezipụta na aha nke a kpọmkwem ọrịa nchoputa, ma ọ bụghị nanị okwu "ọrịa". The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrịa, nke mụọ ọgwụgwọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, nwere niile ozi banyere nkebi nke nchoputa na ọgwụgwọ nke otu ọrịa. Na-enweghị mkpa ka hospitalize ọrịa niile ọmụma dị otú ahụ e dekọrọ na map outpatient.