Gịnị crude mmanụ akanyam na Russia? Production na ire mmanụ

Mmanụ bụ otu n'ime iche iche nke mbupụ nke ngwaọrụ, nke na-arụ na Russian na akụ na ụba ụwa ọrụ dị mkpa iri gara aga. Gịnị crude mmanụ akanyam na Russia?

ya mere eme

Ọbụna n'oge ochie na ndị mmadụ maara banyere mmanụ Njirimara. Ọ na-e anakọtara site na mmiri n'elu ma ọ bụ ala ala. Ma, ọ na-eji ọ bụghị otú ọtụtụ ebe. Na narị afọ nke 19, mgbe mepụtakwara na kerosin oriọna, ọ dị mkpa ka a akụrụngwa amụbawo nke ukwu. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ wee malite ịkpa ụzọ nke-egwu olulu mmiri na mmanụ na gas formations nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. Mgbe oghere nke eletrik ina ebelata ke mmanụ.

Otú ọ dị, ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19, e mere site na esịtidem combustion engine, nke jere ozi dị ka kwalite maka mmepe nke akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ. Ná mmalite, zuo nke a ụgbọ ala nwere ike inye naanị ndị ọgaranya, ma mgbe ahụ, ha ghọrọ dị ka nta niile agba nke ndị bi na. Na nke a, sharply ụba ina mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa. Ruo taa, mmanụ bụ a bara uru eke ngwaahịa, dị ka ọ na-enye ohere nke mmadụ ije site n'ala, ikuku ma ọ bụ mmiri.

Oil mmepụta na Russia

Na oge a na Russia, anyị ahụwo a mmụba na mmanụ mmepụta kemgbe 2000, ma, ke akpatre 5 afọ, ọnụego ka kwụsịlata dịtụ, na ọbụna dara ubé ke 2008.

Ebe ọ bụ na 2010, mmanụ mmepụta mechaa maka larịị nke 500 nde tọn kwa afọ. Na a ụbọchị ọ ga-egbochi n'elu a mmanya. N'ihi na abụọ consecutive afọ, ya bụ na 2009 na 2010, Russia họọrọ mbụ na mmanụ mmepụta n'ụwa nile. Ma ugbua na 2011 mbụ na ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-Saudi Arabia.

Russian Federation - onye nke kasị dị ịrịba ama ndị na-akụ na ụba ụwa. The òkè nke Russian crude mmanụ mmepụta na ụwa bụ ihe karịrị 12%. Oil mbupụ a rụrụ ma na Europe na na-ekwu, nke Asia-Pacific mpaghara.

Na mba anyị, mmanụ mmepụta a na rụrụ site ekwesị ike ụlọ ọrụ. Total na-arụ ọrụ nke 9 nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. Ha mepụta mmanụ nke ihe karịrị 90% nke niile mmanụ na mba. Ọkara na obere mmanụ ọzọ - e nwere ihe 150. The ala na ụlọ ọrụ "Gazprom" emezu mmanụ mmepụta nke banyere 2,5% niile ngwaọrụ, mgbe na-eduga ọrụ e nyere ndị onwe ha ulo oru a.

Gịnị bụ nzube nke vetikal mwekota? Ọ bụrụ na anyị chere dum okirikiri nke mmanụ mmepụta na nhazi nke ngwaọrụ n'ụdị a yinye, mgbe njikọ nke ndị a njikọ ga-ike. Usoro usoro bụ dị ka ndị:

• mmanụ ngagharị, mkpọpu ala, ubi development akụrụngwa;
• mmanụ mmịpụta na njem nke ngwaọrụ nwetara:
• Petroleum ngwaahịa na ha njem;
• ire nke mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa (ahịa).

Nke a technology na-enye ohere Ọdịdị iji nweta a ọtụtụ uru n'elu ya asọmpi:

• na-ekwe nkwa ọkọnọ nke ngwaọrụ na ahịa nke mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa;
• budata ebelata ihe ize ndụ-metụtara mgbanwe ahịa ọnọdụ;
• kachasị mmepụta.

Enterprise "Rosneft" na "Lukoil" bụ zuru ndú mba anyị, na mmanụ mmepụta.

General ozi na crude mmanụ

Properties mmanụ nke na-amịpụtara dị iche iche ihu igwe zones, dị nnọọ iche. Site definition, mmanụ - Ọdịdị viscous mmanu mmanu mmiri mmiri na-enwe a miri emi nwa agba. Ma nke a abụghị mgbe niile ikpe. The agba nke "nwa gold" nwere ọtụtụ gradations - si odo-agba aja aja na nwa na-uzo.

The Ọdịdị na agbaze okpomọkụ na-agbanwe. E nwere iche nke mee n'etiti ìgwè okpomọkụ ọnọdụ, ebe ndị ọzọ nọgide na-mmiri mmiri ọbụna na nnọọ ala okpomọkụ.

Mgbe mmanụ na-amịpụtara si ọma, ọ ga-gaa nhazi saịtị.

Ya mere, ihe ika nke mmanụ akanyam Russian na ole e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ dịgasị iche iche?

Na mba anyị na-arụpụta na-ebupụ 7 akara ule nke mmanụ, mgbe na ụwa nke a na e nwere karịa 20. Isi mbupụ dịgasị iche iche bụ ndị Urals. The na-eri nke ọ bụla kpọmkwem ika kpebisiri ike site discount ma ọ bụ adịchaghị na ikwu na welara ọkwa. Tumadi n'ihi na nke a bụ nke Brent, WTI, Middle East crude.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere Ọnọdụ nke ahịa maka Brent, na n'oge gara aga 3 afọ ọ na-budata we si 120 na 38 dollar kwa gbọmgbọm. Ka ụbọchị, ya price na-eme gburugburu 40 dollar.

Urals

Nke a dịgasị iche iche nwere ndị kasị ibu òkè ebupụ nke Russian mmanụ - 55%.

Urals mmanụ pụtara na ụwa ahịa na '70s.

Nke a cultivar na elu sọlfọ adịghị. Urals guzobere njem nke ngwaọrụ site na pipeline, "Transneft" ụlọ ọrụ si n'ubi dị na Urals, na Volga mpaghara na Western Siberia.

Urals mmanụ mbupụ site na ọkọnọ nke "Druzhba" pipeline na Europe. Ọzọkwa exported site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Baltic Sea (Ust-Luga na Primorsk) na Black (Novorossiysk) oké osimiri nile. Ọdịdị ala nke deliveries bụ nnọọ nta, ya mere, nke a dịgasị iche iche nwere ike ghara a priori abụ a welara.

Urals discount ego na-ekpebisi ike na a 1% ikwu Brent.

Gịnị ika akanyam Russian mmanụ, na mgbakwunye na nke Urals?

Rebco

The aha na klas na-mejupụtara mkpụrụedemede nke Russian Export Ngwakọta manu ala. N'ezie, ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ maka Urals, nke a napụtara site na Primorsk. Kwuru nke na-eri kpebisiri ike site a ego nke 1.3% na mmekọrita Brent. Ahịa na Commodity Exchange na New York. Export òkè mkpokọta olu bụ banyere 25%.

SiberianLight

Ọ bụ a ika nke ìhè ihe.

Production bụ na Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area.

Ebu site pipeline ụlọ ọrụ "Transneft" ebe ọ na-weere na Volga na Ural mmanụ, n'ihi na a Urals. Otú ọ dị, naanị a obere nta nke ndị West Siberia mmanụ ahịa dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha ika. Tumadi na-arụ ọrụ site na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Tuapse.

Price Siberia Light crude mmanụ na a kọwara site a 0,5% ego na Brent price.

Sokol

High Sakhalin mmanụ na ala sọlfọ ọdịnaya. The price of Brent crude mmanụ bụ ala karịa Sokol. Ndị na-eri na-ekpebisi ike site na emeju nke 7.5% na a dịgasị iche iche Dubai. Production a rụrụ ke kpuchie nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ oru ngo "Sakhalin-1". Exported site n. DeKastri nke di na Khabarovsk mpaghara.

Vityaz

Brand mmanụ emepụta Russia bụkwa n'àgwàetiti Sakhalin, dị ka Sokol. The na-eri nke a ụdị na-agbụ na Dubai ika. Efu Vityaz mmanụ kpebisiri ike Dubai adịchaghị ọkwa nke 6%. Exported site n. Prigorodnoe Sakhalin ebe.

Espo

Russian ESPO crude mmanụ trades na nso nso.

The dịgasị iche iche e mere aha ya bụ n'ihi na ọ na-ebu site na otu aha ESPO pipeline ( "Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean" ma ọ bụ «East Siberia - Pacific Ocean»). Ngo nke ewu nke a pipeline bụ nnọọ ekwe ka ọ na-agụnye na ọkọnọ nke "nwa gold" ka China na Asia-Pacific mpaghara.

Nke a na ika mmanụ emepụta Russia, bụ ngwakọta nke ngwaọrụ si dị iche iche ubi na ndị na-ama na-arụ ọrụ. Ya quality karịrị nnọọ niile mara Urals ọkwa.

Ndị na-eri na-ekpebisi ike site na emeju nke 3.5% na Dubai crude.

ARCO

Nke a dịgasị iche iche na-emepụta na Arctic na ubi "Prirazlomnoe", bụ nke dị na na Pechora Sea. Ọ bụ naanị otu ụdị ke ụwa offshore ubi, ebe mmepe a rụrụ na 60-kilometa anya si ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mpaghara on a anyịnya n'elu ikpo okwu. Na shelf amịpụtara mmanụ n'elu 70 nde tọn.

The price of Brent crude mmanụ bụ ala karịa na ARCO.

Na ókèala nke mba anyị na-amị ọtụtụ iche nke mmanụ. Otú ọ dị, naanị 7 ahịa ka Brent crude. Gịnị ika akanyam Russian mmanụ na ahia mba ofesi mgbanwe? Isi iche na-mbupụ Urals na Rebco. Ha na-ekere òkè mbupụ nke ihe karịrị 2/3 nke ngụkọta olu. Ọzọkwa exported iche Vityaz, ARCO, Sokol, Siberian Light na ESPO. The kasị ekwe bụ ESPO dịgasị iche iche na ike adịghị anya na-a welara n'ihi ya deliveries na-mere na Asian mpaghara.