GR Derzhavin, "Felitsa": nchịkọta

edemede art ọrụ mgbe iche modernity ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọbụna ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị siri ike n'ihi na nghọta, nghọta na ịmụta bụghị nanị ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma, ọbụna ndị okenye. Ọ bụ ya mere taa, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na nke a na-ede uri 2nd ọkara nke 18 - 1st ọkara narị afọ nke 19 ka Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. "Felitsa", a nchịkọta nke ga-atụle n'isiokwu a ga-enyere anyị aka ịghọtakwu na-ede akwụkwọ na okike ya ketara.

Historical nkọwa: ihe e kere eke

Malite na-ekwu okwu banyere ọrụ agaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị akọwapụta ihe ọ Derzhavin biri n'oge ya e kere eke. "Felitsa" (nchịkọta na analysis of ọbụna - isiokwu nke a onwunwe) e dere site Gavriilom Romanovichem na St. Petersburg na 1782. Genre omenala ukwu ode na nke a bibiri a na-ede uri: o kpebiri iji mee mpụ iwu nke atọ na uwe na ihe o kere eke na-etinye ọnụ okwu akwụkwọ na a Chassis, mkparịta ụka. Ọzọkwa, na ohere nke otu mbuaha ngwaahịa na Satire otuto, na-megidere ike n'ụkpụrụ iwu.

n'ọnọdụ ndị dị mma

Friends Derzhavin, ndị mbụ na-na-anụ ihe ode tụgharịa si na ya obi ụtọ, ma ndị ngwa ajụkwa mmasị nke ndị na-ede uri: n'akwụkwọ nke ọrụ nwere ihe ọ bụla na na olileanya, n'ihi na ọ bụ otú o doro anya na na-agụ Catherine ọgụ megide ezi nwenụ. O sina dị, eke onwe ya yiri rigged ihe mere na-arụ ọrụ na-bụghị mgbe niile sowooro na a drawer nke Derzhavin okpokoro. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị wee ode na-ede uri Osip Kozodavlevu si ya - a hụrụ akwụkwọ II Shuvalov, ndị na-agụ amaokwu ndị a na nri abalị tupu ụlọ ọrụ nna-ukwu, otu n'ime ha bụ Prince Potemkin, otu n'ime veiled ode ọchị na mmadụ. Prince ịga ka hà na ọ dịghị aka ọrụ, na ọ dịghị mmekọrita ya, na n'ihi na Gavriil Romanovich ike iku ume a rie ude nke enyemaka.

Catherine II Response

On ihe nwere ike na-atụ anya n'ihu ka nta mara ede uri Derzhavin? "Felitsa", a nchịkọta nke nke ga-akọwara obere oge, mmasị President nke Russian Academy Dashkova, na 1783 ndị e kere eke, e bipụtara anonymously na otu nke spring nke ndị magazine "The interviewer ndị hụrụ Russian okwu." Young uri ọnọde Eze Nwanyị Ukwu onwe ya; Catherine a kpaliri na anya mmiri na nnọọ mmasị na-ede akwụkwọ nke na-arụ ọrụ. N'ihi ya, Derzhavin natara si Eze Nwanyị Ukwu envelopu na 500 rubles ọlaedo na gold fesa na diamond snuffbox. N'oge na-adịghị Gavriil Romanovich e gosiri ogige na mesoo ntatubọk queen. N'ihi ya, dị nnọọ mgbe e kere eke nke e ji na nweela edemede ama Derzhavin. "Felitsa", a nchịkọta nke ga-aza ajụjụ ndị - a otutu ngwaahịa. Ọ bụ qualitatively dị iche iche na ya echiche na ụdị ihe ọ bụla na adị tupu.

GR Derzhavin, "Felitsa": nchịkọta nke ahịrị. mbido

Ode mejupụtara 25 n'ahịrị. Malite ya omenala classic: ke akpa stanza mmasị ukwu, magburu image. Catherine akpọ Kirghiz Kaisatsk adaeze n'ihi na oge na-ede uri nwere na ihe ahụ ndị obodo Orenburg Province, nke na-amalite nso ókèala ndị Kirghiz ìgwè, subservient na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ke adianade do, o kwuru okwu banyere ụfọdụ akụkọ banyere Tsarevich Chlorine - a Oriental yi ọrụ, bụ nke e dere na e bipụtara na 1781 site Catherine kasị 5 afọ nwa nwa, ọdịnihu Emperor Alexander Pavlovich (makwaara dị ka Alexander m). Chloro, dọtịrị Khan, bụ nwa nke Grand Prince of Kiev. Ohi, na-achọ iji nwalee ike nke a nwata, zigara ya ka ọnwụ ya, ma nye iwu ka a rose enweghị ogwu. Chlorine nyeere Felitsa - amiable, obiọma na-eji obi ụtọ Khan ada, onye nyere ya iduga nnyemaaka, nwa ya, bụ onye a kpọrọ Reason. The nwata nwara: n'ụzọ ọ chọrọ ime ka ala Lentyag Murza, ma chlorine mgbe niile nyeere Reason. N'ikpeazụ comrades ruru nkume n'ugwu, bụ ebe e nwere nnọọ bilie enweghị ogwu - dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, ọ bụ a omume ọma. N'ihi ya, chlorine n'enweghị nwetara ya we laghachi na nna-ya, eze Kiev. Na omume isiokwu na-agba ahụ dum ode red eri. Felicia na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nke Roman chi nwaanyị nke obi ụtọ, ihe ịga nke ọma na obi ụtọ.

Isi akụkụ nke ode. image edidem

Olee ihe ọzọ na-ekwu na e kere ya Derzhavin? Felitsa (nchịkọta ga-enyere onye ọ bụla chọrọ ịghọta ọrụ) n'ihu iche iche abụghị naanị ya ikpe na ndika, ma na-ede akwụkwọ ya onwe ya, onye na-abịa na-atụle nke ya onye bụ nnọọ oké egwu. Ya mere, Catherine poeticizes ka ya edemede Eserese bụ kpam kpam nke na-enweghị flaws. Ya zuru okè omume-psychological n'ime ụwa e kpughere site na agwa, a nkọwa nke omume, ikpé, ọha omume. Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nwere mmasị na-na-eje ije na-agbachi nkịtị, mfe ma ọ dịghị frills iri, a otutu ịgụ na ide. Akụkọ na image ọdịdị dechapụ site izugbe ọnọdụ, echiche nke e sere na atụmatụ nke onye mmụta edidem: ọ bụ obi umeala, onye kwuo uche, na-adịghị okomoko, dị mfe, enyi na enyi, ọgụgụ isi, na nkà na mpaghara nke ọchịchị ọrụ.

The antithesis nke "Eze Nwanyị Ukwu - ma ama"

Onye na-emegide zuru okè n'ụzọ nile nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Derzhavin? "Felitsa" (abridged ya karịsịa ghọtara n'ụzọ doro anya) ọ na-akọwa anyị ụfọdụ ihe rụrụ arụ "m"; n'azụ ya ụgha a mkpokọta onyinyo nke ndika courtier, nke nnoo na-agụnye niile atụmatụ nke ezigbo enyi nke queen. Nke a esesịn a kwuru, Prince Grigory Potemkin, onye Eserese nwere ike hụrụ n'okpuru, na Catherine si mmasị, Grigory na Aleksey Orlovy, oriri oké mkpọtụ, na ndị hụrụ ọduọ na fisticuffs, Field Marshal Peter Panin, akpa - dinta, na na mgbe ahụ a gọọmenti, onye ọchịchị-general Alexander Vyazemsky nke na-karịsịa na-asọpụrụ ọnụ ala na-ewu ewu akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Na onye na-ekewet onwe ya Derzhavin? "Felitsa" (analysis e ji, nchịkọta na analysis-enyere ya aka ka) - a na-arụ ọrụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ na-eru nso àgwà ya na-enweghị echiche ọjọọ, ya mere weere ya ka velmozhnoy ụlọ ọrụ, n'ihi na site na nke a oge Gabriel R. aghọwo a steeti kansulo. Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ ike anya mara mmehie ha, adịghị ike, omume ọjọọ, ma, on a onye kwuru nke na-ede uri, "nzuzu." Derzhavin maghị ya ikpe mmadụ agụụ mmekọahụ nke courtiers na ndị ohu nke nējide onwe-madu: ọ na-aghọta na pụta ụwa ọtụtụ, ha na-emekarị eguzozie site a amamiihe uche na talent, nke bụ maka abamuru nke Russian State na n'ihi ya ọganihu.

Satirical nnyocha nke gara aga

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe niile bezzloben Derzhavin. "Felitsa", a nkenke nkọwa nke isi echiche nke e kwuru n'isiokwu a, bụkwa onye na-agụ ọzọ akara - a nkọwa nke ọchịchị Anny Ioannovny. Ebe a na-ede uri anaghị ezo onwe ya iwe n'elu ahụ nke a-eme ihe ike na alụmdi na nwunye nke butere n'aka-isi Golitsyn na whim nke queen na ochie jọrọ njọ Dwarf, n'ihi ihe a ka ezigbo mmadụ ghọrọ a ikpe jester (Amaokwu nke 18). Ihere, dị ka Derzhavin, e nwere ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya nke Russian magburu ezinụlọ - Earl A. Apraksin na Prince Nikolai Volkonsky. Ode GR Derzhavin "Felitsa", a nchịkọta nke bụ inwale ya oké ọchịchọ echiche, ihe ndị ọzọ, na-ekwu inviolability nke mmadụ ikike ichebe ùgwù onwe onye na nsọpụrụ. Mebiri nke ndị a na edemede na-eche Gavriilom Romanovichem dị ka a oké mmehie, na n'ihi na ọ na-agba ume na-agụ, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na-akwanyere ha ùgwù. Iji mezuo nke a, Catherine dị mkpa na-edebe iwu, na-guarantor nke ha elu, na-echebekwa "adịghị ike" na "ogbenye", na-egosi ebere.

ekwubie edoghi

N'ikpeazụ, nkà n'echiche e ji G. R. Derzhavina "Felitsa", a nchịkọta nke emi adade ke zuru ezu na ngalaba n'elu, na-egosipụta na ikpeazụ na n'ahịrị nke ọrụ ahụ. N'ebe a, mbuli elu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, na ya ụbọchị laghachi ọchịchị ọhụrụ ịgba - na-ede akwụkwọ na-ajụ "oké amụma" na "ike nke eluigwe" na-agọzi Catherine na-azọpụta ya ọrịa na ihe ọjọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụgwụ ọzọ laghachi na-agụ na ndị oge gboo ọwa na mejupụtara nke ode, o sina dị, na njikọ na ndị ọzọ nke ọdịnaya, ọ bụrụ na ọ nwere a ọhụrụ, rethought uru. Ito ebe a - bụghị naanị a ụtụ ahụ direction, omenala na mgbakọ, na-ahụ n'ezie na-akwadoghị akwado nke mkpụrụ obi nke na-ede akwụkwọ, bụ onye nọ na oge ka ji ezi obi kwere o kere n'oyiyi nke Catherine. A maara nke ọma nkatọ Belinsky akpọ nke a na-arụ ọrụ "otu nke kasị mma kere eke nke" Russian uri nke narị afọ nke 18.