Henry G. Yagoda, isi nke NKVD: biography

Genrikh Yagoda bụ Ndị mmadụ Commissar esịtidem Affairs nke USSR na 1934-1936 gg. Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime "tọrọ ntọala Nna" nke Stalin gulag, na nhazi nke uka repressions nke oge. N'oge Akwa ụjọ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ahụ tara nke NKVD. Berry ebubo nke nnyocha na-akpa nkata a kuu na-emecha gbaa.

mmalite afọ

Genrikh Yagoda si Polish Juu. Ezigbo aha ya - Enoch Gershevich Yehuda. Revolutinary mụrụ November 19, 1891 na Rybinsk - a obodo dị na Yaroslavl n'ógbè. Dị nnọọ a ọnwa ole na ole mgbe a mụrụ nke a na nwa, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Nizhny Novgorod.

Henry G. Berry e metụtara ọzọ maara nke ọma Bolshevik - Yakov Sverdlov, na-abịa ya nke abụọ na nwa nwanne nna. Ndị nna nna ha na-arụ ọrụ ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ na-nwe-stampụ na akàrà na okpuru eji na arumaaru. Heinrich ise na ụmụnne ụmụnne abụọ. Ya na ezinụlọ ya biri na ịda ogbenye. O sina dị, nwa okoro (mgbe ọzọ aga) gụsịrị akwụkwọ Simbirsk mgbatị.

The ebi akwụkwọ Tomato - Bolsheviks Sverdlov nnọọ dị iche iche caliber. Ka ihe atụ, edebanye Nikolay Semashko - Lenin ọdịnihu ahụ ike Commissar. Nizhny Novgorod bụ ebe omumu nke Maksima Gorkogo (ha ghọrọ enyi Henry na Iv nke mgbanwe).

"Ikwiikwii"

The isi omume, mgbe nke gbanwere ndụ nke a nwa na-enweghị, bụ igbu ọchụ nke ya nwoke tọrọ Michael. N'echiche a, Henry G. Berry yiri Lenin. Michael hacked Cossacks n'oge 1905 mgbanwe. The mwute agbagbukwa nwanna nwoke ọzọ, Leo. Ọ nwetara oku na ndị agha Kolchak, ma na 1919 na e gburu maka ikere òkè na nsogbu na ya ndi agha. Ma, ọ bụ ọnwụ nke Michael, nọ na-na barricades mere nke Henry revolutionary.

Na-eto eto, Berry ka anarchist-Kọmunist keere òkè ná illegal revolutionary eme. Royal uwe ojii na-akpọ ya "Sychom" na "Owu Na-ama" (na anọgidewokwa na-anyụ na emesaghi ahu ụdị).

Na 1911, na amamihe rutere Moscow. On ntuziaka nke comrades o nwere iru kọntaktị na obodo dị ka kpọrọ ndị mmadụ na-enyere na nzukọ nke ụlọ akụ ohi. Na-enweghị uche na-agba izu, ọdịnihu mmadụ Commissar esịtidem Affairs nke USSR, daba n'aka ndị uwe ojii. Na a uche, ọ bụ kechioma. M chee na nwa okorobịa hụrụ naanị ụgha akwụkwọ. Dị ka onye Juu, ọ chọpụtara na ya na enweghị ikike nke Moscow, nyawaa iwu nke Icha mmirimmiri nke Bi. Berry e gbalịrị na mkpọrọ afọ abụọ nke ije biri na Simbirsk.

Na St. Petersburg

Na 1913, a sara mbara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbaghara e kwuru na nsọpụrụ nke 300th ncheta nke Romanov usoro ndị eze na Russia. N'ihi ya, a nta n'ihu Berry hụrụ onwe ya na nnwere onwe. Link ka Simbirsk biri na revolutionary nwere iwu kwagara St. Petersburg. N'ihi na nke a, ọ chie ajụla Judaism na ghọrọ ka Chọọchị Ọtọdọks (Icha mmirimmiri nke Bi ejikwara site confessional kama a mba ndabere).

Henry G. Berry na okpukpe nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme. O sina dị, dị ka iwu ya ekwesịghị ịbụ onye na-ekweghị na Chineke naanị ka gara n'obi ndị Orthodox Church.

Na St. Petersburg, Berry zutere Nikolai Podvoisky, mgbe a gbanwesịrị ọchịchị, ghọrọ ndị mbụ ndị mmadụ commissar nke ndị agha. Ekele ya revolutionary enyemaka malitere ịrụ ọrụ na insurance ngalaba na ndị Putilov factory. Podvoisky bụkwa nwanne KGB Arbuzov na cedar: o meghere ya protégé, a dum ọhụrụ ụwa nke ohere.

Na 1915, Henry G. Berry e debara aha n'ime alaeze ukwu agha, na mgbe gara n'ihu First World War. O biliri ahụ n'usoro nke kopora, ma ọ unan na anya, e atara. Na 1916, Henry laghachi Petrograd.

Mgbanwe na Cheka

Mgbe February mgbanwe Berry na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Rural ogbenye" na "Soldier ezi." N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1917, o sonyeere ndị Bolshevik Party. E mesịa, ọ ga-edina, bụ ndị sonyeere ha azụ na 1907, ma nke a na-gbaghara site akụkọ ihe mere eme akụkọ ifo ọmụmụ.

N'oge nke October ihe Berry bụ na oké ihe na Petrograd. Na 1918, ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Cheka-OGPU. Akpa, nche na-arụ ọrụ na ndị agha nnyocha. Mgbe ahụ a ikwu Sverdlov na Dzerzhinsky wegara ya ka Moscow.

Ya mere Henry G. Berry nọ Special Nkebi nke. Ọ bụ karịsịa nso na Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, Dzerzhinsky, nke ikpeazụ na-aga na-Cheka-OGPU, Yagoda, ghọrọ ya osote onye. Ọzọkwa, na mmalite nke ọrịa isi kechioma onyielu nwoke n'ihu na n'ezie management nke mmanye iwu ụlọ ọrụ.

na-enyo enyo earnings

Ọbụna 1919-1920. Berry na-arụ ọrụ na Commissariat nke Foreign Trade. N'ebe ahụ ka O a uru mmekota na nche ọrụ Aleksandrom Ndọrọ na malitere irite a ọrụ si mba ọzọ ohere. Ndị ikom abụọ were niile na ihe ọjọọ nkịtị. Ọ bụ eziokwu na ndị mmadụ Commissariat nke Foreign Trade kemgbe ntọala ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na Cheka. ọha na eze nche ọchịchị bukọọrọ oke ọnụ, na ndị gị n'ụlọnga na-ere Lurie ji obiọma ná mba ọzọ maka ike ego.

Henry G. Yagoda, onye biography na-ekwu okwu nke ya dị ka a miri emi anyaukwu na onye anyaukwu, n'echiche a, bụ nnọọ iche n'ụkpụrụ nke Dzerzhinsky na Menzhinsky. Nrụrụ Aka Chekist mmasị Stalin. Mgbe na uzo nke 20-30-ies. agha maka naanị ike, ọ rịọrọ maka enyemaka nke tomato. Ma otu ọ bụ nke ọzọ ida. Berry tinye ya na nwoke mechara ghọọ onye ọchịchị aka ike, na Stalin maara banyere fraudulent aha Tomato bụ ugbu a ike imebi aha, na-achọ iguzosi ike n'ihe.

Chief na Commissar

N'agbanyeghị nkwa ebutere Soviet onye ndú, ha na mmekọrịta pụrụ isi nnọọ ike na-akpọ ezigbo. Na ngwụsị afọ ndị 1920, Stalin na-abụkarị nnọọ oyi ka Berry, ka nyere patronage na Yakov Sverdlov, na n'etiti Sverdlov na Stalin ọbụna n'èzí kemgbe oge nke akwụkwọ turukhanskoy chere a kwesiri ngosi erughị ala. Akwụkwọ na onyeisi ndị nche debara aha na ịkpachara anya, ma ọ bụrụ na egwu.

A nsogbu maka tomato mgbe oruru nke Stalinist ọchịchị aka ike bụ ya ochie enyi Bukharin. Ọ ọbụna kwuru na isi nke GPU dị ka otu nche, ị nwere ike ịgụ na na mgba megide Stalin. N'otu oge ahụ apụghị igbochi egbochi Berry-agba na-egbu nke iwu ahụ, ịdị uchu na àgwà njikere ime ihe ọ bụla mpụ executioner. Stalin hụrụ ndị ọzọ dokwara ume ma na onyeisi nwoke NKVD naanị afọ ole na ole. Ọ tụgharịrị na Nikolai Yezhov. Ma ná mmalite zitere Stalin bụchaghị ahụhụ Berry na-ewuli ọrụ na ya.

Ndị mmadụ Commissar esịtidem Affairs

Berry kọrọ erudition Menzhinsky na fanaticism Dzerzhinsky. Ọ dị mgbe obi umeala kọwara onwe ya dị ka "a Watchdog na a yinye." Na ụlọ ọrụ ndị enyi n'oge arọ mkpuchi ekpuchi na ọ hụrụ ineptly ekwughachi poems, ma o nweghị okike talent. Private letters Tomato na tinye ekechicha na nkụ. Na isi obodo, ọ bụ ihere na mgbe adọrọ mmasị n'ógbè party ndú a ọzọ polished ma nọrọ jụụ. Ma, ọ bụ kpọmkwem onye dị otú ahụ n'ihi na a mgbe Stalin na-etinye na-elekọta nche ọrụ na mba ahụ.

Na 1934, ọhụrụ Ndị mmadụ Commissariat nke NKVD na Ndị mmadụ Commissar esịtidem Affairs nke USSR Berry nwekwara nweela akara nke isi State Security e kere. Enye ada ọzọ tojuru repressive ala igwe na Stalin na-akwadebe a ọhụrụ nkuzi megide emegide ọchịchị ya.

Ọhụrụ ya ike Berry aku ihe e kere eke na nzukọ nke ọrụ nke Gulag. The Soviet Union for a mkpirikpi kpuchie netwọk nke ahụhụ, nke na-akụkụ dị oké mkpa nke Stalinist aku usoro na otu onye nke engines nke accelerated ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta. N'okpuru kpọmkwem na-edu ndú nke Ndị mmadụ Commissar mụụrụ a isi Gulag ụlọ nke na oge - na-ewu nke White Sea-Baltic Canal. Iji gbazie ihe ideological echiche nke na nmepe Berry haziri a njem Maksima Gorkogo. Site n'ụzọ, na Ndị mmadụ Commissar nke onye dere mee ka laghachi na Soviet Union (tupu o biri na Italian n'àgwàetiti Capri ọtụtụ afọ).

Tomato na mmekọrịta a na edemede bụ onye ogbako nsọtụ. Dị ka onyeisi ndị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị uwe ojii, ọ na-soro iguzosi ike n'ihe nke okike ụbụrụ na-aghọ ike. Ke adianade do, nwunye ya bụ Ida Berry L. Auerbach. Nwanne ya nwoke Leopold bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị n'ihu ọha nke na-akatọ ndị na-ede nke oge ya. Na Ida na Henry nwere otu nwa - nwekwara Henry (ma ọ bụ Garik, dị ka ọ na-akpọ na ndị ezinụlọ). Nwa okoro a mụrụ na 1929. Ndị mmadụ Commissar hụrụ n'anya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị so dee, egwú na nka. Ha ṅụrụ ezigbo ndị mmụọ, na-ekwu na ndị inyom mara mma, mgbe ahụ, e nwere ndị a ụzọ ndụ, nke ọ rọrọ nke nche.

E nwere ndị na Tomato na ọkachamara ọdịda. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ ya kwere ka bụbu isi nke tsarist uwe ojii Lopuchin gaa France. Ọ ghọrọ defector. Na 20-30th stably na-eto eto ọnụ ọgụgụ nke defectors. Stalin ọ bụla ikpe a infuriating. Ọ baara tomato ileghara, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla pụrụ iche ọmụma na bụ onye nkịtị ọgụgụ isi.

obibia nke ize ndụ

Na 1935, Berry natara a aha ọhụrụ, na tupu dịghị onye ekwesịghị. Ugbu a ọ maara dị ka "Izugbe Commissioner of Public Security." Ọ bụ otú ahụ na-ekewaghị ekewa ùgwù nke a pụrụ iche ihe ịrịba ama nke Stalin ná mma.

Soviet ndú dị ka mkpa mgbe ọ bụla ndị ọrụ nke devotee isi nke NKVD. Na 1936 Moscow kwadoro mbụ usoro. Mgbe a na show ikpe ikpe Stalin ochie enyi na party Bolshevik nke Zinoviev na Kamenev.

N'okpuru pịa nke ada hit na ndị ọzọ na okpuru, bụ ndị na otu oge na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem Lenin na emeghị iko ha na-akpagbu dị ka ihe-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha ikike. Otu n'ime ndị a ndị mmadụ bụ Mikhail Tomsky. Ọ na-eche maka ogige gbukwara onwe ya. The leta sogide Stalin, ọ kpọrọ Berry n'echiche bụ na ọ na-bụ mmegide party, nke oge na ime ihe ike. Ndị mmadụ Commissar bụ n'ihe ize ndụ.

ijide

Na ọdịda 1936 Berry natara ọrụ ọhụrụ na ghọrọ onyeisi mmadụ Commissariat nke Communications. The ikpeazụ otiti na e yigharịrị. Opal aghọwo a ogologo-egbu mgbu anwu. Ọ bụ ezie na atugharị mwepụ si post of Ndị mmadụ Commissar esịtidem Affairs na họpụtara ọzọ post ele anya dị ka na dị ka ihe na nwunye nke a ịga nke ọma ọrụ, ọ bụ na o siri ike Berry ike ịghọta ihe na-abịanụ. O sina dị, ọ na-mere na-ajụ na Stalin kwere ka a ọrụ ọhụrụ.

The Ndị mmadụ Commissariat nke Communications ihere KGB ojii nọrọ a bit. Ná mmalite nke 1937 na ọ ka furu efu na nke a post. Ọzọkwa, mụrụ ná mmehie Commissar ewepu si ha n'ohu nke CPSU (b). Mgbe February Plenum nke Central Committee, ọ na-idiọk katọrọ maka odida nke ya ngalaba.

March 28, Berry e jidere site ya na-adịbeghị anya subordinates. Agha na ndị ọchịchị ụnyaahụ efunahụ eluigwe mere New Ndị mmadụ Commissar nke NKVD Nikolay Ezhov. Abụọ ndị a, n'agbanyeghị nke ya adomokoro, malitere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke onye nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụgụ. Na Yezhov na Yagoda bụ n'ezie perpetrators nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ Stalinist ada nke 1930s.

N'oge a search nke asuan Commissar njikọ hụrụ machibidoro iwu Trotskyist akwụkwọ. N'oge na-adịghị agbaso site na ebubo nke nnyocha, na-akpa nkata ogbugbu nke Stalin na-eme atụmatụ a kuu. The nchoputa nke jikọrọ Berry na Trotsky, Bukharin na Rykov - ndị onwe ha, onye ọ na-amaja na-adịbeghị anya ifịk ifịk na-akwalite. The ibé ahụ a a "Trotskyist-onye fasizim '. Site na ebubo ndị e jikọtara ejikọta site perennial ọrụ ibe Tomato - .. Jacob Agranov Semyon Firin, Leonid Zakovsky Stanislav Redens Fedor Eyhmans, wdg All nke ha na-ji ndị na-ebo ebubo dị ka onye na-erughị eru na mmachi, emegide ya gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụkpụrụ na-eduzi Menzhinsky.

Nwunye Tomato tara ahụhụ ada. Ihe mbụ ọ chụrụ na-arụ ọrụ ọfịs ọkàiwu, na mgbe ahụ jidere dị ka onye iro nke ndị mmadụ nke a òtù ezinụlọ. Auerbach gaa na nwa ya na nne ya na-chụgara Orenburg. N'oge na-adịghị nwaanyị otop.

Ke adianade do, Berry E boro ya ebubo na igbu ọchụ nke Maksima Peshkova - nwa-ya Maksima Gorkogo (N'eziokwu ọ nwụrụ nke oyi baa). Ọkọdọhọ mgbuchapụ mere ruru onwe onye mere. Berry bụ n'ezie na ịhụnanya na Hope Peshkov - nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ nke Maxim. The igbu ọchụ na-ebo ebubo isi odeakwụkwọ nke Soviet dere Petra Kryuchkova.

égbè

Tomato ndibiat bụ akụkụ nke a n'ozuzu usoro nke atọ Moscow (eze a na-akpọ usoro mgbochi Soviet "Bloc nke Rights na Trotskyites"). Public e kpere anyị ikpe na opupu ihe ubi nke 1938. Ọ na-e-esonyere a nnukwu ọchịchị okwu nduhie mkpọsa na media. The akwụkwọ akụkọ e bipụtara na-emeghe akwụkwọ ozi ka a dịgasị iche iche nke ọha na eze na ndị nkịtị, na nke ha na-ewere ndị sabo site na àjà gbaa "dị ka ara nkịta" na na. D.

Berry jụrụ maka (na arịrịọ e nyere) na ajụjụ nke mmekọrịta ya na Nadezhda Peshkova na igbu ọchụ nke Maksima Peshkova atụle a iche iche usoro na a onwe nzute. Key ngosipụta nke onye sabo na ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru-atụle n'ihu ọha. Berry ajụjụ ọkàiwu na ọkàiwu Andrei Vyshinsky - na protagonist nke Moscow ọnwụnwa.

March 13, 1938 na-azara ọnụ hụrụ ikpe na mara ya ikpe ọnwụ. Arapara ndụ, Berry dere a aririọ maka clemency. Ọ jụrụ. March 15 bụbu Ndị mmadụ Commissar esịtidem Affairs nke ogbugba. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ na-azara ọnụ na usoro, Berry bụghị e gbanwee.