Agha nke Marne (1914) na-eso ya. Nke abụọ Agha nke Marne (1918)

River Marne àmà abụọ lụọ agha nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Agha nke Marne, nke mere n'afọ 1914, bụ otu n'ime ndị a kasị wụfuo ọbara agha na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha. Na ndagwurugwu nke osimiri ekpe ọtụtụ ndụ. Ebe akara aka nke ụmụ mmadụ. Agha nke Marne ke 1914 na-eji nkenke oge kọwaa na bụla akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke akụkọ ntolite.

Agha nke Marne River: Background

Na 1914, ndị Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Afọ a bụ kwesịrị ncheta n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Eduzi wee ebe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla izu. Na otu ụbọchị, n'ihu ga-agbanwe aka 50 kilomita. Ná mmalite, onye ọ bụla nke mba na-zubere a protracted agha. Ntụziaka General mkpara chere ngwa ngwa iwe. German Empire zubere na-akwụsị ndị agha a ọnwa ole na ole na iru a n'ụwa ọhụrụ iji nke ọ ga-ogide a isi ebe.

France e chere dị oké njọ iro. Ya na-arụ kwesịrị na-adịghị ihe karịrị otu ọnwa. The Germany gua swiftly ẹkemụm na obodo na-abịa ka enyemaka nke British. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke agha arụmọrụ German agha ngwa ngwa wakporo Belgium, were ya. The French agha enweghị oge ịmepụta a oké njọ e wusiri ike. Ya mere, mmalite nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ ndị Germany ama abịa nso Paris.

ala ọzọ

N'okpuru iwu nke Alexander von Klyuka gbatịa maka ezi ogologo n'ihu. Command nke German agha azụlitewo a plan iji tụọ ya gburugburu ọtụtụ ndị French agha. Adapụ mbụ plan nke German Agha nke Paris na-amanye ndị na mberede ngwa mbata nke British.

N'okpuru plan, ndị Germany na-aga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Paris, na-enweghị abanye agha na ndọpụ e maka agbachitere obodo akụkụ. Mgbe ahụ "wedges" asakde iso ese nwere emechi na azụ, kpamkpam na-ewere French n'ime a ibu cauldron. Ma mbụ atụmatụ agbanweela ọtụtụ ịrịba mgbanwe dị ka Ibulite efep onye iro ihe nchebe, German agha Ike gwụrụ ike ịgawakwa n'ihu ngwa ngwa maka ike igbu. Ike ga-agwụ German agha efu mee, dị ka ọbara agha ahụ malitere na Prussia. Ya mere, ọchịagha von Kluck mere a amaghị na bụghị na-atụgharị na West na East nke Paris, na-agbaji French agha na a warara ibé. Ná mmalite September, ndị British akụkụ nke ngwa ngwa gbara ọsọ gaa Marne River. Ebe gafee ya, ha nọgidere na-agbahapụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Ịchụso ha Germany jisiri tinye na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị British na French agha, si otú agbatị na-emeghe ka iyi tojubigara ókè. Agha nke Marne bụ na-amalite site n'ụbọchị ruo n'ụbọchị, niile mkpara ntị e riveted ya na saịtị ahụ.

Mmalite nke agha

On September 5, ndị Germany nọ na-enwe ọganihu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'oge a, ndị French iwu mgbe ihe arụmụka kpebiri ẹkedori a counteroffensive. 1st German agha nọgidere na-enweghị cover, otú ahụ ka British na French kụrụ ha na iyi tojubigara ókè, mgbe ke Paris mere 6 Maunoury agha. Iji aka nke n'azụ Kluck eziga ịrịba agha nke si n'ọnụ osimiri.

The Inye ego mmiri oyi ebe

Agha nke Marne River (1914) were kasị di ọku N'ezie nke 6 September. Na n'akụkụ nile nke n'ihu malitere ọgụ. N'ọnụ nke Marne na British megide French wakpoo na a warara ngalaba nke abụọ German agha. The marshland 2nd na 3rd German agha guzogidere usen 9 Allied ụsụụ ndị agha. The ọgụ were fọrọ nke nta ụbọchị dum. Ogbunigwe iti ndị iro kpọmkwem tupu agha, nke jupụtara na ọkụ na ha onwe ha. Chebe onwe owuwu ndị eke projections igwu trenches oge dị nnọọ bụghị n'ebe ahụ. Bayoneeti ọgụ na-agbaso site ngwa eduzi. Site na njedebe nke ụbọchị ndị Germany jisiri agbaji eguzogide. The French mebiri na na fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam demoralized. Maunoury ghọtara ihe ize ndụ nke ọnọdụ na mkpa ịbanye mee. Moroccan Division bụ a nyeere maka French. Ọ rutere n'isi in 2 ụbọchị mgbe mmalite nke ibu agha. Ọ nọ na ozugbo zitere ka n'ihu. Na mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na nyefe nke otu akụkụ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè e ji. The ọzọ wee osimiri a nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ ụzọ. N'ihi ya nyefe eji nkịtị tagzi. 600 ụgbọala e mesịrị popularly na-akpọ "Marne tagzi ahụ nọ".

Agha nke Marne ndị jikọrọ aka na-ekwe nkwa ihe ọma ọ bụla. Ma na mberede mbata nke Moroccan nkewa jisiri kwụsị German agha. Iji akpatre agbaji eguzogide nke French, von Kluck ebugharị na a ole na ole ọzọ iberibe nke Marne. Na n'azụ nke German osimiri njikọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe nchebe. Nke a ozugbo wee uru nke British na mesoo a oké njọ otiti. German nkeji na-kewapụrụ azụ, na gbaghachi azụ. Agha ndị Marne (1914) na-eji nkenke oge kọwara na-echeta von Bülow. Mgbe 4 afọ ọ na-a ohere iji nweta ọbụna maka mmeri.

The esi nke na-agha nke Marne

Agha nke Marne biri September 12. Near Paris, ndị Germany na-akpatara a oké njọ fee, were na a oké mgbanaka nke ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke French. Ma Allied ịga nke ọma nke Marne von Bülow manyere amalite a ichighaazu. Ndị dị otú ahụ eduzi ndị ọzọ, nwere ihe dị mkpa psychological na-akpata. German agha wezuga gwụrụ na ike na-enye dị oké njọ na-eguzogide. Ọtụtụ àmà na-ekwu na ha na-arụkọ hụrụ German agha ụra si gwụrụ.

Agha nke Marne ka ẹkedọhọ karịa 150,000 ndụ na gbanwere ụzọ Perova World War. German atụmatụ maka a ngwa ngwa na-akpasu iwe-emezughị. Ọ malitere na-agwụ ike positional adọ nke na-adịgide adịgide agha na nke chọrọ nchikota ndi mmadu di niile ego aka.

Nke abụọ Agha nke Marne: The First World War

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1918, 4 afọ mgbe mbụ nke ndi-agha Marne ọzọ edemede di ọku ọgụ. Ndị Germany na-eme atụmatụ na-awakpo ndị a akuku nke n'ihu na-agbaji British Expeditionary Force. On July 15, German agha nọ n'okpuru iwu nke otu Bülow kụrụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke French Reims. Mwakpo ha e dere ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị. American na Italian agha wee nnapụta na malitere inupụ ndị Germany ugwu. The mmeri nke German agha butere a usoro nke isi Allied arụmọrụ, dị ka a n'ihi nke a na ọ bụ ike na-akwụsị ndị First World War. Nke abụọ Agha nke Marne were ndụ nke banyere 160 puku ndị agha. Fritz von Bülow emeghị jikwaa ịmụta osimiri.