Ike kacha ike hydroelectric ike ojii na ụwa. Iri nke ụwa ike kacha ike hydroelectric ike ojii

China bụ a na obodo na kasị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ na mbara ala. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi na nke a, ọtụtụ ndị oru emejuputa ebe a na-adịghị gigantic n'ike. Otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ịrịba nke ha ghọrọ "Three Gorges" - kasị hydroelectric ike ojii na ihe dam na ụwa. The owuwu e eze etinyere n'olu July 4, 2012, na usoro nke ya na-ewu kere a obere ihe karịa afọ iri abụọ.

general nkọwa

"Atọ Gorges" wuru na ndị Yangtze River nso n'obodo sandouping. Dị ka ngụkọta ikike niile turbines, emi esịmde 22,5 gigawatts, ha ndị budata n'ihu ndị ọzọ na isi hydropower osisi na ụwa. The akụkụ nke dam na ogologo na ịdị elu, karị, mejupụtara 2309h185 mita. N'ihi na ihe niile oge nyekwara ke oru ngo dị ka dị iche iche atụmatụ banyere 23 ijeri US dollar. Ọzọkwa, ndị ọchịchị na-amanye resettle 1.3 bi na ndị na-ewu ebe bi. Yana mmepụta nke ọkụ eletrik, ihe na-enye nchebe megide iju mmiri ndagwurugwu Yangtze River Basin.

Echiche nke ụlọ

The mbụ bụ onye kwuru okwu banyere ndị na-ewu nke ndị dị otú a magburu Ọdịdị, ghọrọ Sun Yat-sen, nke a na-akpọkarị nna nke revolutionary Chinese mba. N'akwụkwọ ya bụ "Plan maka nwughari nke China ', bipụtara na 1920, e kwuru na ọ dị mkpa na-ewu hydroelectric ike osisi na ike nke 30 nde horsepower na kaniyon Gorges. Ịsụgharị echiche a n'ime omume ndị ọchịchị na malitere na 1944, mgbe nnyocha ndị na-ewu ebe a kpọrọ Dzhon Sevidzh - American engineer ndị a haziri nke ụwa ma ama Hoover oche n'ụlọ. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, o nyere ya oru ngo nke owuwu nke ihe, nke mechara bụ na-edu ndepụta nke "nnukwu hydroelectric ike ojii na ụwa." Rụrụ nke ya oge emeghị, n'ihi na mba agha obodo tiwapụrụ.

Gezhouba

Na fifties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị PRC ọchịchị laghachiri echiche nke ndị na-ewu nke "atọ Gorges". N'otu oge ahụ na-ewu ihe owuwu ahụ nyere maka ihe e kere eke nke a nnukwu esite. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, necessitated ntikpọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụlọ na ngafe nke fọrọ nke nta nde mmadụ abụọ. Mao Tszedun achọghị aga n'ihi na ọ na e nyere iwu downstream ọzọ obi umeala na okwu nke ike - "Gezhouba". Otú ọ dị, mwepụta nke a ngo na n'ihi e-egbu oge maka afọ iri abụọ. Ọrụ na ndị na-ewu hydroelectric ike ojii mechara naanị na 1988. Ya ike nke 2.7 gigawatts. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ iji maka na ala, ma na ọnụego nke uto nke aku na uba na-mgbe niile na-amụba, n'ihi nke mba ụlọ ọrụ bụ esiwanye mkpa nke ọhụrụ na isi mmalite nke ọkụ eletrik.

preparatory ọrụ

Na nkera nke abụọ nke eighties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị Chinese ọchịchị laghachiri echiche nke ndị na-ewu nke "atọ Gorges". Ọ na-atụle na ndị kasị dị ike hydroelectric ike ebe na ụwa na-na-wuru na 1992. Ọ na-ama ahụ malitere preparations. Ha nyere maka nkwadebe nke ihe ndina nke esite na-ewu ụlọ nke akụrụngwa, tinyere ewu nke ike edoghi na okporo ụzọ. The kasị dị ịrịba ama bụ nsogbu ndị resettlement na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke mba fọrọ nke nta 1.3 obodo. Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa ka ebukọtala niile ụlọ n'obodo, nke nwere ike siere igodo n'ọdịnihu. Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị ọzọ na isi hydropower osisi na ụwa e wuru iji merie yiri isi ike.

mwube

Mgbe mmezu nke n'elu-e kwuru preparatory ọrụ May 14, 1994, Chinese injinia malitere ewu nke a ihe dam. Ya na-ewu kere afọ 13. Jiri ya tụnyere ihe oru ngo nke fifties, ya elu e zie 50 mita, dapụtara na a belatara size na-esite. Ke ukem na-ewu nke mmiri e gbochiri egbochi e rụrụ na-ewu nke ndị ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ. Ike kacha ike hydroelectric ike ebe ke uwa onwem na 32 haịdrọlik nkeji nke dị iche iche na akọ na-adịghị arụnyere na otu ụlọ ahụ, dị ka bụ omenala, na otu ugboro na atọ (otu onye n'ime ha na-emi odude n'okpuru ala). Ke adianade do, na-ewu ụlọ na-kere na saịtị dị nnọọ abụọ nke na-adị akpọchi na ise ese foto. Ọ bụ ike budata mfe igodo, nke dị n'ebe a na-eji na-fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume n'ihi na nke obodo atụmatụ nke Yangtze River.

N'ihi

Ụwa ike kacha ike hydroelectric ike karịa 8.5 gigawatts gara aga ndekọ njide a egosi - HPP "Itaipu", emi odude ke Parana. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke preparatory ọrụ na ndị nyere nke ikpeazụ unit kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ. N'ihi na ihe niile nke a, Chinese na-ewu ụlọ rụrụ a nnukwu ego nke na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-eme atụmatụ na 22,5 ijeri US dollar. The usoro nke na-amụba ọkụ eletrik na "atọ Gorges" bụ pụtara dị mfe na-ahụkarị nke ndị ọzọ yiri ụlọ ọrụ: mmiri si n'osimiri abatakwa nnukwu tobaim pupụtara, spins ha, nke mere a generator.

-Adịghị emezi emezi na nsogbu

Isi drawback, nke nwere ike kacha ike hydroelectric osisi na ụwa, kpugheere ndị ọzọ nke preparatory adọ nke ya ewu. Ọ jikọtara bụghị naanị na ngafe nke ọtụtụ ndị, ma na eziokwu na n'ihi akụ na ụba na nkà na ụzụ na-enwe ọganihu, na Chinese ọchịchị nyere ala ubi ebe ibu square. Historians edikpu idei mmiri mkpa mgbe ochie na saịtị na kaniyon Gorges, ọdịdị mbara ala mgbe niile na-ekwu okwu banyere uru idei mmiri downstream, na gburugburu ebe obibi egwu na-egbutu osisi na ikpochapu nke obere ụdị anụmanụ. The kasị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere ọdachi, ihe kpatara nke a nwere ike ịghọ ndị kasị dị ike hydroelectric ike ebe n'ụwa, a na-ewere a itunanya dam. Ọ bụla ọ bụ, ọ bụ ugbu a ọbụna-arụ eziokwu ụka na-ekweta na nke ozo na isi mmalite nke eletrik ike izute choro nke na-emepe emepe aku na uba nke ala. Ọzọkwa, ihe mîdaha ọtụtụ narị puku ndị bi na-adọta ọtụtụ nde ndị njem kwa afọ.

Ndị ọzọ na isi hydroelectric planet

Iri nke ụwa ike kacha ike hydroelectric ike ojii na-arịgo na iji nke isi egosi bụ dị ka ndị.

Emechi fim nnọchiteanya nke Russia. Ha na-emi odude na Angara Boguchany HPP. Ya ike bụ 3 GW.

Ninth ebe emi odude ke otu osimiri niile Ust-Ilim hydroelectric ojii. Ike-ya nile nkeji na-eme atụmatụ na-3,84 gigawatts.

Next arịgo ọnọdụ bụ nke ndị Bratsk hydroelectric ike ebe ike nke 4.5 gigawatts.

Na asaa ọnọdụ bụ nnọchiteanya nke Canada - "Churchill Falls." Ya isi mma bụ na hydroelectric dams na nwere ọrụ ruru ka eke nchepụta nke n'elu. Ọ e wuru na saịtị nke a nsụda mmiri na na-aha ya bụ mgbe mbụ Prime Minister nke Britain. Ya ike bụ 5,43 GW.

Na isii bụ ebe Krasnoyarskaya HPP ngụkọta amalite 6 gigawatts.

Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric ike ojii bụ kasị na mba anyị. Ọ e wuru na Yenisei River, nso n'obodo Sayanogosrska. Ya kacha ike bụ hà 6.4 gigawatts.

Fourth ebe bụ nke Tukuruyskoy HPP na-emi odude ke Brazil. Ọ na-akpọ aha obodo ahụ e idei mmiri n'oge na-ewu. Ike nke niile nkeji bụ 8.3 gigawatts.

Atọ ndi-isi-emechi Venezuelan ike osisi aha mgbe Simon Bolivar. Ọ e wuru na Caroni River na nwere a ike nke 10.3 gigawatts.

Rating maka a ogologo oge na-aga Brazil hydropower osisi "Itaipu". The ngụkọta ikike niile nke ya nkeji bụ 14 gigawatts, nke bụ ihe ndekọ ruo mgbe "Three Gorges". Wuru a hydropower osisi na Paraná River. Ọ bụ ugbu a họọrọ nke abụọ n'ụwa rankings.

Ike kacha ike hydroelectric ike ojii na ụwa a na-akpọ "Three Gorges" na-emi odude ke Yangtze River. Na ihe nkowa ọ kọwara n'elu.