Izere osisi: Ọdịdị na ọrụ

Akụkụ nke okooko osisi, ihe ndị kasị evolutionarily elu nnọchiteanya nke ala-eze uwa, na-adị nnọọ iche iche Ọdịdị na ọrụ. The ala akụkụ nke osisi a na-akpọ mgbọrọgwụ, dọbara n'elu - ụzọ mgbapụ. Ọ ndibọhọ osisi emezu oké mkpa ọrụ: gas mgbanwe, photosynthesis, transpiration, vegetative ịnọgide na ya ezigbo ebe na mmekọrita anyanwụ.

Mmalite mgbapụ

Na na mmalite nke ahụ a na-egosi na mbụ kwabatara n'ala - Rhyniophyta. Ya ị ga na-akpụ akpụ na gbara mkpị alaka dị ka n'ibu anụ ahụ ka nọ na-agụghị oké mepụtara. Ma ọbụna ndị dị otú ahụ a oge ochie Ọdịdị nke ahụ photosynthetic elu-abawanye, nke pụtara na osisi organism mma enye carbohydrates.

Gịnị bụ ụzọ mgbapụ nke osisi

Ụzọ mgbapụ a na-akpọ keikuku akụkụ nke osisi, esịnede a azuokokoosisi na epupụta. All ndị a ozu bụ autonomic, na-enye ibu, oriri na-edozi na asexual mmeputakwa.

Izere osisi nakwa nwere rudimentary akụkụ - akụrụ ya. E nwere ihe abụọ iche akụrụ: vegetative na ịmụ ọmụmụ. The mbụ ụdị mejupụtara ihe na-amalite amalite na esiwe na akwukwo, n'elu nke bụ izi ákwà (meristem) osụk ibu cone. Ọ bụrụ na, iche site azuokokoosisi na akwukwo nwa osisi nwere mmalite nke okooko osisi ma ọ bụ inflorescence, ọ na-akpọ ịmụ ọmụmụ. Anya, ndị a buds iche ibu size na ahazi udi.

Ebe mpempe akwụkwọ a na-mmasị na azuokokoosisi, na-akpọ a ọnụ, na anya n'etiti ọnụ - Internode. The n'akuku n'etiti azuokokoosisi na a mpempe akwụkwọ na-akpọ imi.

Na usoro nke mmepe na oge ịse e na ndị ọchịchị na-ahụ maka ịmụ ọmụmụ (mmekọahụ) amụba: ifuru, mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ.

Mmepe nke akụrụ mgbapụ

Na mmalite nke mma ọnọdụ ke ini utọ meristem sel nke na-eto eto mgbe na-amalite na-eso. Shortened internodes ntọt ke size, nke nwere ike ime ka na-eto eto Ome nke osisi. Mgbe nke n'elu nke azuokokoosisi bụ ọnụ buds. Ha na-enye osisi ibu n'ogologo. Axillary na adventitious buds emi odude ke akwukwo axils ma ọ bụ interstices, karị. Ruru ha azuokokoosisi forms n'akụkụ Ome, t. E. Alaka.

osisi branching ụzọ

Dabere na Ọdịdị, e nwere ụzọ ụfọdụ nke branching Ome:

1. Dichotomous. The kasị oge ochie ụdị branching, na nke nke abụọ, na-emepe emepe a n'ókè nke ibu onye ọ bụla nke ha abụọ, kwa, wdg Ya mere na-eto eto ụfọdụ algae na elu spore osisi: .. Club mosses na ferns.
2. Primopodialnoe. Nke a branching nwere ike hụrụ dị ka nke gymnosperms (pine, spruce) na angiosperms (oak, maple). Ogologo oge ị ga ndị a osisi na-eto eto ogologo-na ụdi guzobere mpụta branching.
3. Sympodially. Na usoro a apical ibu, na Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-kwụsịtụrụ. A mpụta buds na-ifịk ifịk na-eto eto, na-eke ihe na ọzọ ọhụrụ n'akụkụ Ome. Ube, udara na ndị ọzọ na okooko osisi na-a ihe atụ nke ụdị ibu.

mgbanwe Ome

Gịnị bụ ụzọ mgbapụ si osisi na otú o si anya, n'ezie, onye ọ bụla maara. Otú ọ dị, gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ mgbe chọrọ ọdịdị nke ọzọ ọrụ. Ọ pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe na-enye akụkụ ahụ nke okooko osisi. Izere gbanwetụrụ,-enweta ọhụrụ bughi atụmatụ, na nke a na ọ mejupụtara akụkụ nke ọkọlọtọ ụzọ mgbapụ.

The isi mgbanwe nke ụzọ mgbapụ na-agụnye:

• Rhizome - bụ n'okpuru ala, ebe ọtụtụ na-etolite ịgbasapụ. Nwere elongated internodes na buds, nke n'elu na a mma mgbe epupụta-egosi. Ya mere, site osisi na rhizomes (lily nke ndagwurugwu, wheat ahịhịa, valerian) ọ bụ nnọọ ike tufuo. Mgbe ịgbapụta epupụta, n'ịgbanahụ onwe ya na-anọgide na ala, na-eto eto ọzọ na ndị ọzọ.

• Tuber - a ndim nke interstitial enwe akụrụ - n'anya. Egbuke nnọchiteanya nke osisi, nke na-etolite tubers, bụ nduku. N'ihi na ọ na-etolite na ala, ọ na-emekarị mgbagwoju anya na a gbanwetụrụ mgbọrọgwụ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere efe n'elu tubers ka ihe atụ, kohlrabi.
• Bọlbụ - gbanwetụrụ osisi Ome na-mepụtara epupụta odude ke ewepụghị stalk - Donets. Njirimara garlic, yabasị, tulip, lily. N'ime ime kemmiri epupụta akpọkọtara nri na akọrọ mputa echebe ha si mebiri.
• Brambles - nche ube, oké osimiri buckthorn, hawthorn na osisi ndị ọzọ. N'ịbụ na akwukwo axils, ha n'ụzọ dị irè na-echebe osisi anụmanụ na-eri ha.
• Antennae - gbanwetụrụ mgbakọ Ome, retaining osisi a ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. Kukumba, mkpụrụ vaịn, pumpkins - kacha nkịtị osisi na-eji nke a na ngwaọrụ.

• Afụ ọnụ - mkpa Ome na ogologo internodes. Strawberries na strawberry vegetatively propagated ya na enyemaka nke a afụ ọnụ.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na osisi puo mejupụtara akụkụ na ndị functionally oyiri, nwere ike ịdị iche dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ na-enye onye ọ bụla osisi ya nwere ihe pụrụ iche anya.